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2 cze 13 11:30

Squadron - Foreign Air Forces 6073 - Kari Stenman - Finnish Air Force 1939 - 1945 (1998).jpg

As a resull of both the First World War and the Russian revolution. Finland declared its independence from Czarist Russia on 6 December 1917. Believing a Bolshevik uprising in Finland would bring the country back to the Soviet Union, the revolutionary government in Russia supported the declaration. However, Finland went through a short civil war in early 1918 with government troops, the "White Army." supported by a number of German units, fighting the insurgent "Red Army" supported by a number of Russian units. The fighting ended victoriously for the White Army in May of 1918. The Treaty of Dorpat, signed with the Russians in 1920. formally recognized Finland as a sovereign nation.
During the civil war. on 6 March 1918. the Swedish Count Eric von Rosen donated the first aircraft to the White Army, a French designed Morane-Saulnier Type L Parasol. The Rosen family emblem of good luck, a blue swastika, was painted on the wings. This marking became the national insignia carried on all aircraft of the Finnish Air Force. This hlue swastika had nothing to do with the later Nazi swastika, which became official in Germany only after Adolf Hitler took power in 1933. some fifteen years after the introduction of the Finnish insignia.
Throughout the civil war the Finnish Air Force had only a handful of aircraft. Using types like the Parasol, the German designed Albatros B. II and D.F.W. C.V. and French built Nieuport 10s and 23s. the Finnish Air Force flew only some 70 missions, mainly scouting and aerial photography, However, the value of aircraft was quickly realized and the ground work was laid for the systematic development of an air force, albeit, restricted for many years by a lack of funds.

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2 cze 13 11:30

Osprey - Airwar 3 - Christopher Shores - Spanish C ivil War Air Forces (1977).jpg

On 18 July 1936 Spain, after a long period of domestic upheaval, plunged into one of the most savage and protracted civil wars in modern history. Given the national tendency to passionate dogmatism rather than reasoned consensus, this was hardly surprising. Fratricidal warfare has been a feature of Spanish history for centuries.
On the one side was the elected Republican government. Basically of socialist persuasion, but well-leavened with mutually hostile extremist groups such as outright Communists and Anarchists, it had sought to break the historical stranglehold of church and aristocracy by the now familiar - but then radical - methods: support of trade unions, redistribution of wealth by taxation,
secularisation of schools, expropriation of land, and so forth. The impact of this programme on the more conservative elements of the population was rendered the more shocking by the undoubted excesses of unscrupulous fanatics who sheltered in the Republican camp, and for whom the means -murder, arson, and intimidation - seemed as desirable as the proclaimed ends.
A natural fear of the destruction of all that they valued in society made the conservatives more receptive to the propaganda spread, in their turn, by the more extreme Rightist factions such as the fascist Falange movement and the royalist Carlists.

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2 cze 13 11:30

Jack Broughton - Thud Ridge, F-105 Thunderchief mi ssions over Vietnam (1969).jpg

This is the story of a special breed of warrior, the fighter-bomber pilot; the story of valiant men who flew the F-105 Thunderchief ‘Thud’ Fighter-Bomber over the hostile skies of North Vietnam.

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