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Mężczyzna Michał

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MFGZubr

	Byzantium
	Carthage - Phoenicia (Kartagina - Fenicja)
	Crusaders (Krzyżowcy)
	Crusaders (Krzyżowcy)(1)
	Crusaders (Krzyżowcy)(2)
	Dokumenty
	Galeria
	Germans
	Gothes (Goci - Z Gotlandii poprzez teren dzisiejszej Polski wędrowali na nadczarnomorski step)
	Greckie miasta-kolonie handlowe na wybrzeżu Morza Czarnego
	Greece - Sparta
	Greece (Grecja)
	Hittites (Hetyci - Pierwsza indo-europejska cywilizacja, Centralna Anatolia)
	Huns ( Hunowie po 375 AD zniszczyli potężne państwo Sarmatia )
	Hurrians ( Huryci z królestw Mitanni i Urartu - Przodkowie Czeczenów)
	Kultura Przeworska - Lugiowie plemię Swebów - przodkowie Wandałow i Burgundów, między Wisłą i Odrą
	Polska prehistoryczna i średniowieczna
	Polska przedwojenna
	Prusy
	Prywatne
	Roman Army - Rzymska Armia
	Rome
	Russia
	Samuraje
	Spanish Civil War-Guerra Civil Espanola 1936-1939
	Thraco-Phrygian - (Grupa Tracko-Frygijska - Indo-europejczycy z obu stron cieśniny Bosforu)
	Troy
	Visigoths (Wizygoci - razem z Alanami stworzyli na Połwyspie Iberyjskim swoje państwo)
	Wikingowie-Warego wie-Normanowie
	World War II
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Byzantium

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147,9 MB
9 kwi 12 7:09

Philip Grierson - Byzantine Coins (1982).pdf

Preface

This publication essentially consists of two parts. The first part is a second
edition of Byzantine Coinage, originally published in 1982 as number 4 in
the series Dumbarton Oaks Byzantine Collection Publications. Although the
format has been slightly changed, the content is fundamentally the same. The
numbering of the illustrations,* however, is sometimes different, and the text
has been revised and expanded, largely on the advice and with the help of
Cécile Morrisson, who has succeeded me at Dumbarton Oaks as advisor for
Byzantine numismatics. Additions complementing this section are tables of val-
ues at different periods in the empire’s history, a list of Byzantine emperors,
and a glossary.

The second part of the publication reproduces, in an updated and slightly
shorter form, a note contributed in 1993 to the International Numismatic
Commission as one of a series of articles in the commission’s Compte-rendus
sketching the histories of the great coin cabinets of the world. Its appearance in
such a series explains why it is written in the third person and not in the first. It
is a condensation of a much longer unpublished typescript, produced for the
Coin Room at Dumbarton Oaks, describing the formation of the collection and
its publication.

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Romilly J. H. Jenkins - Studies on Byzantine Histo ry of the 9th and 10th Centuries (1970).pdf

Contents:

1. Constantine VIII's portrait of Michael III
2. The date and significance of the Tenth homily of Photius
3. The chronological accuracy of the "Logothete for the years A. D. 867-913
4. The classical background of the Scriptores post theophanem
5. A note on the Patriarch Nicholas Mysticus
6. Nine orations of Arethas from Cod. Marc. Gr. 524
7. Eight letters of Arethas on the fourth marriage of Leo the Wise
8. Three documents concerning the "Tetragamy"
9. A note on Nicetas David Paphlago and the Vita ignatii
10. The flight of Samonas
11. Leo Choerosphactes and the Saracen Vizier
12. The supposed Russian attack on Constantinople in 907: evidence of Pseudo-Symeon
13. The date of Constantine VII's coronation
14. The date of Leo VI's Cretan expedition
15. The Emperor Alexander and the Saracen prisoners
16. The mission of St. Demetrianus of Cyprus to Bagdad
17. A note on the "Letter to the Emir" of Nicholas Mysticus
18. Letter 101 of the Patriarch Nicholas Mysticus
19. A "Consolatio" of the Patriarch Nicholas Mysticus
20. The date of the Slav revolt in Peloponnese under Romanus I
21. The peace with Bulgaria (927) celebrated by Theodore Daphnopates
22. Cyprus between Byzantium and Islam, A. D. 688-965.

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Donald M. Nicol - The Immortal Emperor. The Life a nd Legend of Constantine Palaiologos, Last Emperor of the Romans (1992).pdf

Constantine XI Palaiologos was the last Christian Emperor of Constantinople and Byzantium. In 1453, when Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Turks, he was last seen fighting at the city walls, but the actual circumstances of his death have remained surrounded in myth. In the years that followed it was said that he was not dead but sleeping - the immortal emperor turned to marble, who would one day be awakened by an angel and drive the Turks out of his city and empire. Donald Nicol s book tells the gripping story of Constantine s life and death, and ends with an intriguing account of claims by reputed descendants of his family - some remarkably recent - to be heirs to the Byzantine throne.

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Michael Angold - Byzantine Aristocracy; Ninth to T hirteenth Centuries (1984).pdf

The notion of aristocracy has been a godsend to modern historians : it is so admirably imprecise. It literally means the rule of the beat, but it leaves in doubt who are the best-fitted to rule; the assumption being that those who have power are best-fitted to exercise it. Aristocracy has therefore come to mean little more than a ruling class, but, because power so often descends within a family fro one generation to the next, the word is usually given hereditary overtones. Aristocracy and nobility are therefore often taken to be no more than different sides of the same coin. The formwer deals in the exercise of power, the latter in the qualities and the qualifications needed. A shift in the meaning of nobility will alter the character of aristocracy and vice versa.

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Warwick Wroth - Catalog of Imperial Byzantine Coin s in the British Museum - Vol I (1908).pdf

Though this reprint represents very good value compared to printing out the PDF e-book version (and is a lot easier to read if, like me, you're used to paper books!), the reproduction of the 35 photographic plates is very poor, at least in the copy I received. All but 2 plates (15 and 35) are printed so dark and grainy that the coin illustrations are very hard to distinguish.
I purchased volume 2 of the catalogue at the same time - all of the photographic plates in this volume were printed correctly.

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Warwick Wroth - Catalog of Imperial Byzantine Coin s in the British Museum - Vol II (1908).pdf

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12,8 MB
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J. Sabatier - Description generale des monnaies by zantines, vol2 (1862).pdf

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21,5 MB
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Sotheby, New York - An Important Private Collectio n of Byzantine Coins (1998).pdf

An important private collection of Byzantine coins: auction: Monday, November 2, 1998

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173,4 MB
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Wayne G. Sayles - Ancient Coin Collecting V, The R omaion Byzantine Culture (1998).pdf

The Romaioi, Greek citizens of the Roman East, stood squarely in the path of Islamic expansion and saved Europe from being overrun by powerful tribes from the Easy. Their coinage reveals a society with strong religious undercurrents and divergent philosophies, but plagued by political and financial crises.

Ancient Coin Collecting V: The Romaion/Byzantine Culture explores the history and art of a culture that survived for nearly 1,000 years. Through the timeless record of coins you'll learn what happened after the Fall of Rome, witness the sacking of Constantinople by marauding Crusaders, and experience the empire's last days under Constantine XI.

This volume is the perfect introduction to the fascinating hobby of collecting ancient coins. Author Wayne G. Sayles entertains, educates and inspires beginning and expert collectors alike, drawing on more than 30 years of experience in studying and collecting coins from antiquity. Special features include:

More than 300 photos, including an illustrated guide to the Emperors of Byzantium

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Jonathan Harris - Constantinople; Capital of Byzan tium (2009).pdf

In the early Middle Ages, the greatest city in Europe was not Paris, London or Berlin but Constantinople, capital of Byzantium. It was an article of faith that a saintly emperor, divinely appointed, had founded Constantinople and that the city was as holy as Rome or Jerusalem. The Byzantine emperors assiduously promoted the notion of a spiritual aura around the city. Thus, in 917, the emperor's regent wrote to the khan of the Bulgars warning him not to attack Constantinople. He did not threaten the khan with military force, but with the Virgin Mary who, as 'commander in chief of the city', would not take kindly to any assault. It was with legends and beliefs like this that the emperors bolstered their power and wealth, and the myth was central to the success of Constantinople and its empire for over a thousand years.

Although this is hardly the first history of Byzantium to be published, Jonathan Harris differentiates himself by offering keen insight into the spiritual and mythic dimensions of Constantinople, key elements of the city's history that have neglected until now. Constantinople: Capital of Byzantine is the first history of this great empire to properly examine the intriguing interaction between the spiritual and the political, the mythical and the actual. The result is an accessible and engaging account of a colorful and vital time in human history, and a long overdue look at an awe-inspiring city in its heyday.

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Paul Magdalino - The Empire of Manuel I Komnenos, 1143-1180 (1993).djvu

The reign of Manuel I (1143-1180) marked the high point of the revival of the Byzantine empire under the Comnenian dynasty. It was however followed by a rapid decline, leading to the sack of Constantinople by the Fourth Crusade in 1204. This book, the first devoted to Manuel's reign for over 80 years, reevaluates the emperor and his milieu in the light of recent scholarship. It shows that his foreign policy was a natural response to the Western crusading movement and the expansionism of the German emperor Frederick Barbarossa. It also shows that what he ruled was more than the impoverished rump of a once great empire, or a society whose development had been arrested by a repressive regime. The twelfth century is presented here as a distinctive, creative phase in Byzantine history, when the empire maintained existing traditions and trends while adapting to a changing world.

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Filip Van Tricht - The Latin Renovatio of Byzantiu m (2011).pdf

In 1204 the army of the Fourth Crusade sacked the great city of Constantinople. In earlier historiography the view prevailed that these Western barons and knights temporarily destroyed the Byzantine state and replaced it with a series of feudal states of their own making. Through a comprehensive rereading of better and lesser-known sources this book offers an alternative perspective arguing that the Latin rulers did not abolish, but very consciously wanted to continue the Eastern Empire. In this, the new imperial dynasty coming from Flanders-Hainaut played a pivotal role. Despite religious and other differences many Byzantines sided with the new regime and administrative practices at the different governmental levels were to a larger or lesser degree maintained.

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72,4 MB
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Dimiter Angelov - Imperial Ideology and Political Thought in Byzantium, 1204-1330 (2007).pdf

This 2007 study was the first to systematically investigate Byzantine imperial ideology, court rhetoric and political thought after the Latin conquest of Constantinople in 1204 - in the Nicaean state (1204-61) and during the early period of the restored empire of the Palaiologoi. The book explores Byzantine political imagination at a time of crisis when the Empire ceased to be a first-rate power in the Mediterranean. It investigates the correspondence and fissures between official political rhetoric, on the one hand, and the political ideas of lay thinkers and churchmen, on the other. Through the analysis of a wide body of sources, a picture of Byzantine political thought emerges which differs significantly from the traditional one. The period saw refreshing developments in court rhetoric and political thought, some with interesting parallels in the medieval and Renaissance West, which arose in response to the new historical realities.

"This volume, which began as a doctoral dissertation, succeeds in presenting a very comprehensive, clear and scholarly picture of Byzantine political thinking in a moment of crisis. It is a remarkable scholarly achievement, and it reads very well. Angelov's book is an important contribution to Byzantine studies and a paradigm of research." --Comitatus

"Recommended." -Choice

"Angelov presents a lucid, intelligent, and pioneering study of a time when Byzantine writers discarded ossified ideology to produce important political philosophy." -Warren Treadgold, The Historian

"This book is a most welcome addition to recent scholarship on Byzantine intellectual thought, and it covers a difficult subject with dexterity and with a sure touch." -Peter Frankopan, Speculum

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Zdobycie Konstantynopola przez Turków osmańskich w 1453 roku uznaje się bądz za wydarzanie wyznaczające c ostateczny kies cesarstwa rzymskiego, bądz tez jedynie za akt wchłonięcia zbędnego reliktu historii przez nowe, ekspansjonistyczne imperium. Oba tu poglądy są w istocie błędne; należy też pamiętać, że nie wolno rozpatrywać tego wydarzenia z jednej tylko perspektywy. Faktyczne znaczenie klęski Konstantynopola w 1453 roku wiąże się nie z upadkiem starożytnego porządku, lecz z narodzinami czegoś zupełnie nowego: imperium osmańskiego w pełnym jego kształcie, państwa,, które miało przetrwać aż do 1922 roku.

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Natalia B. Teteriatnikov - Mosaics of Haghia Sophi a; The Fossati Restoration and the Work of the Byz antine Institute (1998).jpg

Byzantium - Natalia B. Teteriatnikov - Mosaics of Haghia Sophia Th...toration and the Work of the Byzantine Institute 1998.jpg

Drawing on material housed in the Dumbarton Oaks Byzantine Photograph and Fieldwork Archives, this catalog records two periods of work that uncovered the mosaics of Hagia Sophia after having been covered with whitewash and plaster for 400 years. The photographs and drawings record the procedures used and the results of these projects carried out in 1848-49 by the architects Gaspare and Giuseppe Fossati and later in 193149 by the Byzantine Institute. These records have proved to be important for the study of these major works of Byzantine art and for documenting the efforts exerted in preserving these mosaics and disseminating information about them.

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Natalia B. Teteriatnikov - Mosaics of Haghia Sophi a; The Fossati Restoration and the Work of the Byz antine Institute (1998).pdf

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Lynda Garland - Byzantine Empresses; Women and Pow er in Byzantium, AD 527-1204 (2002).jpg

Byzantine Empresses provides a series of biographical portraits of the most significant Byzantine women who ruled or shared the throne between 527 and 1204. It presents and analyses the available historical data in order to outline what these empresses did, what the sources thought they did, and what they wanted to do.

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Lynda Garland - Byzantine Empresses; Women and Pow er in Byzantium, AD 527-1204 (2002).pdf

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Kathryn M. Ringrose - The Perfect Servant; Eunuchs and the Social Construction of Gender in Byzantiu m (2003).jpg

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The Perfect Servant reevaluates the place of eunuchs in Byzantium. Kathryn Ringrose uses the modern concept of gender as a social construct to identify eunuchs as a distinct gender and to illustrate how gender was defined in the Byzantine world. At the same time she explores the changing role of the eunuch in Byzantium from 600 to 1100.

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Andreas Stylianou, Judith A. Stylianou - The Paint ed Churches of Cyprus; Treasures of Byzantine Art (1997).jpg

In a large number of rural churches in Cyprus wallpaintings have survived which are not only of great value in themselves but also provide a most precious documentation of the development of Byzantine art Every period and style from the sixth to the eighteenth century is represented. Many are precisely dated. No other area of comparable size Can offer so comprehensive a series.
Andreas and Judith Stylianou are internationally recognised as great experts on this subject. They have devoted a lifetime of research to it. not only in Cyprus but throughout the area of surviving Byzantine culture. Both of them have written monographs and essays on Byzantine art and presented papers to international congresses. Andreas Stylianou was responsible for the introduction to the volume c'vprus, Byzantine Mosaics
and Frescoes, published in the UNESCO World Art Series in 1963. The Painted Churches oj Cyprus is the culmination of their long and careful studies which have finally restored the work of Cypriot painters to its proper place among the cultural achievements of the world.
It is the authors' aim, while providing the fullest scholarly documentation of the whole range of Byzantine mural painting in Cyprus, to give lovers of art in general an insight into the special merits of that school of art.
A full bibliography of their publications is included in this book. Their most recent production is a monumental work on The History of the Cartography of Cyprus, the result of pioneering research in European libraries.
The present work has been sponsored by the A.G. Leventis Foundation. an organisation with the purpose of assisting, among other thing.~, the publication of works of scholarly value related to the cultural heritage of Cyprus.
Over 300 illustracions

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Andreas Stylianou, Judith A. Stylianou - The Paint ed Churches of Cyprus; Treasures of Byzantine Art (1997).pdf

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Angeliki E. Laiou - The Econiomic history of Byzan tium; From the Seventh through the Fifteenth Centu ry (2002).jpg

Byzantium - Angeliki E. Laiou - The Econiomic history of Byzantium...m From the Seventh through the Fifteenth Century 2002.jpg

Preface

The idea of producing a book on the economic history of the Byzantine Empire was ﬁrst ﬂoated some years ago, when the late and much regretted Nicholas Svoronos, who would have played a major role, was still alive. A number of unfavorable circumstances did not allow us to proceed further. Eventually, that ﬁrst idea was revisited, was invested with substance, and became reality; the volumes at hand are the result. The successful completion of this large and difﬁcult project is owed to the enlightened interest, indeed commitment, of certain individuals and institutions whose contribution has been decisive. The institutional sponsors are the Bank of Greece and the Union of Greek Banks, while the Cultural Foundation of the National Bank of Greece (MIET) has been responsible for the practical aspects of the coordination and for the publication of the Greek edition.

Efthymios Christodoulou, who was governor of the Bank of Greece when support for the project was being sought, had always shown great interest in the history of the Byzantine economy, for he realizes the importance of Byzantium in the history of humankind, and therefore the need for a global examination of the economy that formed the underpinnings of the state and culture of Byzantium. His enthusiasm was expressed through his continued encouragement and moral support, and it took material form in the considerable contribution of the Bank of Greece in ﬁnancing the project.

The late Manolis Kasdaglis, director for many years of the Cultural Foundation of the National Bank of Greece, was one of the ﬁrst individuals to conceive the idea of such a project and gave his unwavering support to its realization. It is a matter of deep regret that his untimely death did not allow him to see the publication of this book.

The late Michael Vranopoulos, when he was chairman of the Union of Greek Banks, also expressed interest in the project; we owe the participation of the Union in the sponsorship of the project to him and to the Governing Board of the Union. Successive governors and directors of the Bank of Greece and the Union of Greek Banks respectively showed unﬂagging interest and facilitated our work in a number of ways. I should like to thank Loukas Papademos, currently governor of the Bank of Greece, and Georgios Mirkos, former governor of the National Bank of Greece. Special thanks are owed to Theodoros Karatzas, currently governor of the National Bank of Greece and chairman of the Union of Greek Banks, for his unwavering support and for making decisive contributions which ensured that the project would reach completion. I am particularly grateful to Yiannis Manos, former general secretary of the Union of Greek Banks, for his manifold help. I am also happy to acknowledge the support of the governing boards of the Union of Greek Banks and MIET.

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Angeliki E. Laiou - The Econiomic history of Byzan tium; From the Seventh through the Fifteenth Centu ry (2002).pdf

The Scholarly Committee, consisting of Cecile Morrisson, Charalambos Bouras, Nicolas Oikonomides, and Constantine Pitsakis, collaborated in exemplary fashion on theorganinzation and realization of the project. Along with their contribution to general issues, members of the committee had editorial supervision of speciﬁc chapters: N. Oikonomides of the chapters on the agrarian economy, Ch. Bouras of those on the urban economy, C. Morrisson of the chapters on commerce, and C. Pitsakis of the chapters that treat legal issues. I am particularly grateful to C. Morrisson, who gave generous and valuable help, reading and commenting on chapters for which she was not formally responsible. I bear the responsibility for the supervision of the entire work.

I should like to thank a number of economists—Vassilis Droukopoulos, Georgios Krimbas, Georgios Liodakis, and Stavros Thomadakis—who, at an early stage of the project, participated in a workshop and contributed, with their knowledge of the science of economics, to the better conceptualization of the topics with which we were dealing.

Given the large number of participants, the work of coordination was immense and difﬁcult. I should like to thank the staff of MIET, and most particularly Olga Drosinou, forthe assistance they provided. Agamemnon Tselikas and Demetrios Kyritses helped with the illustrations, and I am grateful to them. I should also like to thank Charles Dibble for his contribution to the onerous task of checking the translations. Finally, I should like to thank all of the authors for their contribution to this collective effort. Their scholarship, their enthusiasm for the project, and the patience they showed throughout our lengthy collaboration made a difﬁcult task pleasant and productive.

Angeliki E. Laiou

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J. B. Bury - History of the Later Roman Empire; fr om the Death of Theodosius I to the Death of Justi nian, Volume 1 (1923).jpg

Byzantium - J. B. Bury - History of the Later Roman Empire from th...Theodosius I to the Death of Justinian, Volume 1 1923.jpg

PREFACE

The first of these two volumes might be entitled the "German Conquest of Western Europe," and the second the "Age of Justinian." The first covers more than one hundred and twenty years, the second somewhat less than fifty. This disparity is a striking illustration of the fact that perspective and proportion are unavoidably lost in an attempt to tell the story of any considerable period of ancient or early medieval history as fully as our sources allow. Perspective can be preserved only in an outline. The fifth century was one of the most critical periods in the history of Europe. It was crammed with events of great moment, and the changes which it witnessed transformed Europe more radically than any set of political events that have happened since. At that time hundreds of people were writing abundantly on all kinds of subjects, and many of their writings have survived; but among these there is no history of contemporary events, and the story has had to be pieced together from fragments, jejune chronicles, incidental references in poets, rhetoricians, and theologians. Inscribed stones which supply so much information for the first four centuries of the Roman Empire are rare. Nowhere, since the time of Alexander the Great, do we feel so strongly that the meagreness of the sources flouts the magnitude of the events.

Battles, for instance, were being fought continually, but no full account of a single battle is extant. We know much more of the Syrian campaigns of Thothmes III in the fifteenth century B.C. than we know of the campaigns of Stilicho or Aetius or Theoderic. The Roman emperors, statesmen, and generals are dim figures, some of them mere names. And as to the barbarian leaders who were forging the destinies of Europe — Alaric, Athaulf, Wallia, Gaiseric, Attila, and the rest — we can form little or no idea of their personalities; τοὶ δὲ σκιαὶ ἀίσσουσιν. Historians of the Church are somewhat better off. The personalities of Augustine and Jerome, for instance, do emerge. Yet here, too, there is much obscurity. To understand the history of the Ecumenical Councils, we want much more than the official Acts. We want the background, and of it we can only see enough to know that these Councils resembled modern political conventions, that the arts of lobbying were practised, and that intimidation and bribery were employed to force theological arguments.

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J. B. Bury - History of the Later Roman Empire; fr om the Death of Theodosius I to the Death of Justi nian, Volume 1 (1923).pdf

Although we know little of the details of the process by which the western provinces of the Empire became German kingdoms, one fact stands out. The change of masters was not the result of anything that could be called a cataclysm. The German peoples, who were much fewer in numbers than is often imagined, at first settled in the provinces as dependents, and a change which meant virtually conquest was disguised for a shorter or longer time by their recognition of the nominal rights of the Emperor. Britain, of which we know less than of any other part of the Empire at this period, seems to have been the only exception to this rule. The consequence was that the immense revolution was accomplished with far less violence and upheaval than might have been expected. This is the leading fact which it is the chief duty of the historian to make clear.

When we come to the age of Justinian we know better how and why things happened, because we have the guidance of a gifted contemporary historian whose works we possess in their entirety, and we have a large collection of the Emperor's laws. The story of Justinian's Italian wars was fully related by my friend the late Mr. Hodgkin in his attractive volume on the Imperial Restoration; and, more recently, Justinian and the Byzantine Civilisation of the Sixth Century have been the subject of a richly illustrated book by my friend M. Charles Diehl. I do not compete with them; but I believe that in my second volume the reader will find a fuller account of the events of the reign than in any other single work. I have endeavoured to supply the material which will enable him to form his own judgment on Justinian, and to have an opinion on the "question" of Theodora, of whom perhaps the utmost that we can safely say is that she was, in the words used by Swinburne of Mary Stuart, "something better than innocent."

The present work does not cover quite half the period which was the subject of my Later Roman Empire, published in 1889 and long out of print, as it is written on a much larger scale. Western affairs have been treated as fully as Eastern, and the exciting story of Justinian's reconquest of Italy has been told at length.

I have to thank my wife for help of various kinds; Mr. Ashby, the Director of the British School at Rome, for reading the proof-sheets of Vol. I; and Mr. Norman Baynes for reading those of some chapters of Vol. II. I must also record my obligations, not for the first time, to the readers of Messrs. R. and R. Clark, whose care and learning have sensibly facilitated the progress of the book through the press.

J. B. Bury

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