Norman Dawn (1)

Norman Dawn
Norman O. Dawn (25 May 1884 in Argentina – 2 February 1975 in Santa Monica, California) was an early film director. He made several improvements on the matte shot to apply it to motion picture, and was the first director to use rear projection in cinema.

Dawn's innovations in glass and matte shots:
Dawn's first film Missions of California made extensive use of the glass shot, in which certain things are painted on a piece of glass and placed in between the camera and the live action. Many of the buildings which Dawn was filming were at least partially destroyed; by painting sections of roof or walls, the impression was made that the buildings were in fact, whole. The main difference between the glass shot and the matte shot is that with a glass shot, all filming is done with a single exposure of film.

Dawn combined his experience with the glass shot with the techniques of the matte shot. Up until this time, the matte shot was essentially a double-exposure: a section of the camera's field would be blocked with a piece of cardboard to block the exposure, the film would be rewound, and the blocked part would also be shot in live action. Dawn instead used pieces of glass with sections painted black (which was more effective at absorbing light than cardboard), and transferred the film to a second, stationary camera rather than merely rewinding the film. The matte painting was then drawn to exactly match the proportion and perspective to the live action shot. The low cost and high quality of Dawn's matte shot made it the mainstay in special effects cinema throughout the century.

Dawn patented his invention on 11 June 1918 and sued for infringement of the patent three years later. The co-defendants, matte artists who included Ferdinand Pinney Earle and Walter Percy Day, counter-sued, claiming that the technique of masking images and double exposure had long been traditional in the industry, a legal battle which Dawn ultimately lost.

Australia:
Dawn worked in Australia for a number of years, directing a big-budget adaptation of the classic novel For the Term of His Natural Life (1927), and a musical, Showgirl's Luck (1931). wiki

Director (30 credits)
1951 Wild Women
1951 Two Lost Worlds
1949 Arctic Fury
1940 Orphans of the North
1937 Taku
1936 Tundra
1931 Showgirl's Luck
1929 Black Hills
1928 The Adorable Outcast
1927 For the Term of His Natural Life
1926 Min's Away (Short)
1926 Shady Rest (Short)
1925 Typhoon Love
1925 After Marriage
1925 Justice of the Far North
1924 Lure of the Yukon
1922 The Son of the Wolf
1922 El lápiz rojo
1922 Five Days to Live
1921 Thunder Island
1921 Wolves of the North
1921 The Fire Cat
1920 White Youth
1920 The Adorable Savage
1920 A Tokyo Siren
1920 The Line Runners (Short)
1919 Lasca
1919 The Eternal Triangle (Short)
1919 Sinbad, the Sailor (Short)
1919 Two Men of Tinted Butte (Short)
IMDB

Enlaces completados:
OK Two Lost Worlds (Norman Dawn, 1951)

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