MFGZubr

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MFGZubr

	Byzantium
	Carthage - Phoenicia (Kartagina - Fenicja)
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	Greece - Sparta
	Greece (Grecja)
	Hittites (Hetyci - Pierwsza indo-europejska cywilizacja, Centralna Anatolia)
	Huns ( Hunowie po 375 AD zniszczyli potężne państwo Sarmatia )
	Hurrians ( Huryci z królestw Mitanni i Urartu - Przodkowie Czeczenów)
	Kultura Przeworska - Lugiowie plemię Swebów - przodkowie Wandałow i Burgundów, między Wisłą i Odrą
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	Troy
	Visigoths (Wizygoci - razem z Alanami stworzyli na Połwyspie Iberyjskim swoje państwo)
	Wikingowie-Warego wie-Normanowie
	World War II
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Russia

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5,4 MB
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Études économiques de l'OCDE - Fédération de Russi e 2009 (2010).pdf

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Anders Aslund - Russia After the Global Economic C risis (2010).jpg

The second book from The Russia Balance Sheet Project, a collaboration of two of the world's preeminent research institutions--the Peterson Institute for International Economics and the Center for Strategic and International Studies--examines Russia after the financial crisis of 2007-2009. In the aftermath of the crisis, what is Russia's current economic status and role in the world order? How has the crisis changed a push for an innovation-driven economy fueled by advanced technology growth? Furthermore, how have recent allegations of political corruption affected domestic politics as well as the world's perception of Russia? To answer these questions, the book assesses Russia's international policy challenges and also provides an all-encompassing review of domestic issues. The authors consider foreign policy, Russia and it neighbors, climate change, Russia's role in the world, domestic politics, and corruption. As Russia grapples with the realities of the post-crisis world, this lucid volume offers the keen insights of today's foremost experts on Russia.

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Anders Aslund - Russia After the Global Economic C risis (2010).pdf

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D Satter - Darkness at Dawn, The Rise of the Russi an Criminal State (2003).jpg

Anticipating a new dawn of freedom and democracy after the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Russians could hardly have foreseen the reality of their future a decade later: a country desperately impoverished and controlled at every level by criminals. This is the story of the 1990s reform period in Russia through the experiences of individual citizens. Recounting in detail the development of a new era of oppression, journalist David Satter conveys the staggering nature of the changes that have swept Russian life, society and ways of thinking. Through the stories of people at all levels of Russian society, Satter describes fraudulent investment schemes, massive corruption, and the intrusion of organized crime everywhere. With insights derived from more than 20 years of writing and reporting on Russia, Satter considers why the individual human being there has historically counted for so little. He also offers an analysis of how Russia's post-Soviet fate was decided when a new morality failed to fill the vast moral vacuum that communism left in its wake.

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D Satter - Darkness at Dawn, The Rise of the Russi an Criminal State (2003).pdf

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Christian Thorun - Explaining Change in Russian Fo reign Policy, The Role of Ideas in post-Soviet Rus sia's Conduct Towards the West (2009).jpg

Russia - Christian Thorun - Explaining Change in Russian Foreign ...as in post-Soviet Russias Conduct Towards the West 2009.jpg

This book assesses the explanatory utility of different approaches to account for post-Soviet Russia’s foreign policy towards the West. It argues that only by focusing both on external constraints and changes in the Russian leadership’s foreign policy thinking can we explain major facets of Russia’s conduct from 1992-2007.

Contents
List of Tables and Figures
Acknowledgements
List of Abbreviations
1. Introduction
State of the debate
Approach and hypotheses
Explanatory and theoretical implications
Definitions and limitations of coverage
Chapter outline
Part I Theoretical Framework and Analysis of Discourse
2. Framework for Analysis
Realism and foreign policy analysis: Strengths and weaknesses
Social Constructivism: Endogenous interests and ideas on strategy
Methodology, methodological challenges, and ways to address them
3. Evolution of the Russian Leadership’s Foreign Policy Thinking
Discourse on the nature of international relations
Discourse on Russia’s identity, international status and role, and its primary interests
Discourse on strategy
Part II Case Study Analyses
4. Russia’s Approaches towards NATO
External constraints and Russia’s approach: Russia’s decisions to join the PfP programme and sign the NATO–Russia Founding Act
The indeterminancy of the Realist power-maximization hypothesis and the impact of collective ideas
5. Russia’s Responses to the Balkan Crises (1992–1999)
The indeterminacy of the Realist power-maximization hypothesis
Collective ideas and Russia’s responses to the Balkan crises
External constraints and Russia’s foreign policy
6. Russia’s Response to the 11 September 2001 Terrorist Attacks
External constraints and Russia’s response
The indeterminacy of the Realist power-maximization hypothesis
Collective ideas and Russia’s swift and far-reaching reaction
Part III Implications
7. Conclusion
Summary of findings
Implications
Notes and References
Selected Readings
Index

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Dmitri Trenin - The End of Eurasia, Russia on the Border Between Geopolitics and Globalization (2002 ).jpg

This thought-provoking book examines contemporary Russian and Eurasian politics, contemplating the meaning of "Russia" today and its place in the world. Trenin takes a look at the historical patterns of Russian territorial state formation, seeks to define the challenges and opportunities that Russia faces along its geopolitical fronts, and discusses various options for "fitting" Russia into the wider world. Trenin maintains that the era during which Eurasia was synonymous with Russia is over.

About the Author
Dmitri Trenin is deputy director of the Carnegie Moscow Center, where he specializes in foreign and security policy. He retired from the Russian Army in 1993 after a military career that included participation in the strategic arms control negotiations in Geneva. He is coeditor of Ambivalent Neighbors: The EU, NATO and the Price of Membership and coauthor of the forthcoming book Russia's Restless Frontier: The Chechnya Factor in Post-Soviet Russia (March 2004).

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3,9 MB
9 kwi 12 7:15

Dmitri Trenin - The End of Eurasia, Russia on the Border Between Geopolitics and Globalization (2002 ).PDF

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9 kwi 12 7:15

Bobo Lo - Axis of Convenience, Moscow, Beijing, an d the New Geopolitics (2009).jpg

Few relationships have been as misunderstood as the "strategic partnership" between Russia and China. Official rhetoric portrays it as the very model of international cooperation: Moscow and Beijing claim that ties are closer and warmer than at any time in history. In reality, however, the picture is highly ambiguous. While both sides are committed to multifaceted engagement, cooperation is complicated by historical suspicions, cultural prejudices, geopolitical rivalries, and competing priorities. For Russia, China is at once the focus of a genuine convergence of interests and the greatest long-term threat to its national security. For China, Russia is a key supplier of energy and weapons, but is frequently dismissed as a self-important power whose rhetoric far outstrips its real influence."Axis of Convenience" cuts through the mythmaking and examines the Sino-Russian partnership on its own merits. It steers between the overblown interpretation of an anti-Western (particularly, anti American) alliance and the complacent assumption that past animosities and competing agendas must always divide the two nations. Their relationship reflects a new geopolitics, one that eschews formal alliances in favour of more flexible and opportunistic arrangements. Ultimately, it is an axis of convenience driven by cold-eyed perceptions of the national interest. In evaluating the current state and future prospects of the relationship, Bobo Lo assesses its impact on the evolving strategic environments in Central and East Asia. He also analyzes the global implications of rapprochement between Moscow and Beijing, focusing in particular on the geopolitics of energy and Russia-China-U.S. triangularism.

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Bobo Lo - Axis of Convenience, Moscow, Beijing, an d the New Geopolitics (2009).pdf

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Simon Clarke - Labour Relations in Transition, Wag es, Employment and Industrial Conflict in Russia ( 1996).jpg

Labour Relations in Transition provides a unique insight into the realities of Russian industrial enterprises in the transition period as it affects workers on the shop floor.
Based on a unique collaborative programme of ethnographic and case study research, this volume includes original work by Western and Russian scholars focusing on the restructuring of wages, employment and industrial relations, and how workers have responded to these changes. As well as presenting pioneering analysis of trade unions and industrial conflict, Labour Relations in Transition addresses changing status hierarchies within the workforce, the position of women in production, the process of bankruptcy, and insider and outsider control.

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Simon Clarke - Labour Relations in Transition, Wag es, Employment and Industrial Conflict in Russia ( 1996).pdf

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Simon Clarke - The Formation of a Labour Market in Russia (1999).jpg

The Russian labour market has been hailed by some economists as being "perfectly flexible", because Russia has achieved enormous employment restructuring with minimal unemployment, and by others as plagued by rigidities, as pay structures have been frozen, inequality has increased and job creation has been negligible. Such disagreements reflect both the lack of serious research on the formation of a labour market in Russia and the lack of theoretical agreement as to what constitutes a labour market. Clarke addresses these empirical and theoretical issues on the basis of statistical survey and case study data collected within the framework of a large-scale collaborative research programme on the restructuring of labour and employment in Russia. The text reviews the historical context, the statistical data and the theoretical issues before proceeding to a detailed analysis of the development of the labour market strategies of employers and employees.

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5,9 MB
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Simon Clarke - The Formation of a Labour Market in Russia (1999).pdf

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Charles Wolf - Russia's Economy, Signs of Progress and Retreat on the Transitional Road (2006).jpg

Focuses on four questions related to Russia's economic progress and regress as a means of addressing ambiguities surrounding Russia's status as a transitional economy.

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Charles Wolf - Russia's Economy, Signs of Progress and Retreat on the Transitional Road (2006).pdf

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Robert L. Nichols - Russian Orthodoxy Under the Ol d Regime (1978).jpg

Russian Orthodoxy under the Old Regime was first published in 1978. Minnesota Archive Editions uses digital technology to make long-unavailable books once again accessible, and are published unaltered from the original University of Minnesota Press editions. In this book, which is especially suitable for course use, eleven scholars examine one of the most important institutions of imperial Russia, the Orthodox church in the two centuries before the Russian revolution. The material is arranged in two sections, the first devoted to Orthodoxy's role in Russian social and cultural life and the second dealing with the church's relationship to the tsarist regime.

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Robert L. Nichols - Russian Orthodoxy Under the Ol d Regime (1978).pdf

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Jeff Sahadeo - Russian Colonial Society in Tashken t, 1865-1923 (2007).jpg

This intensively researched urban study dissects Russian Imperial and early Soviet rule and colonial society in Islamic Central Asia from the diverse viewpoints of tsarist functionaries, soviet bureaucrats, Russian workers, and lower-class women as well as Muslim notables and Central Asian traders. Jeff Sahadeo stimulating analysis reveals how political, social, cultural, and demographic shifts altered the nature of this colonial community from the tsarist conquest of 1865 to 1923, when Bolshevik authorities subjected Tashkent to strict Soviet rule. The exercise of colonial power did not unfold the way that authorities envisioned, as Central Asians employed intricate strategies to turn the colonial idiom to their own advantage. Nonetheless, Russian intellectuals in both the Imperial and Soviet periods viewed Tashkent as a laboratory for modern ideas of progress and a site to prove Russia place as a "civilized" European empire. In addition to examining local and national particularities of Russian imperial rule and colonial society, Sahadeo places the building of empire in Tashkent within a broader European context. His evocative account makes an important contribution to understanding the cultural impact of empire on Russia periphery.

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Jeff Sahadeo - Russian Colonial Society in Tashken t, 1865-1923 (2007).pdf

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Vladimir Plougin - Russian Intelligence Services, Volume I, The Early Years (882 - 1054) (2000).jpg

The most mysterious episodes from Russia's past are unearthed and examined in this study, which is drawn from ancient chronicles and preserved documents from Russia, Greece and Byzantium. Scholarly analysis and narrative flair combine to give both the facts and the flavor of the battle scenes as well as of the espionage milieu: the establishment of the secret services in Kievan Rus, and the heroes and systems of intelligence and counter-intelligence in the 10th-11th centuries.

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Vladimir Plougin - Russian Intelligence Services, Volume I, The Early Years (882 - 1054) (2000).pdf

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Olessia Koltsova - News, Media and Political Power in Russia (2006).jpg

This book explores "news production" in Russia, examining the various agents who "make" the news, and discussing the fierce struggle among the various agents of power involved, including news producers themselves. Drawing on existing theories and scholarship, the book provides a wealth of detail on the actual daily practices of news production in Russia, arguing that power relations in news making are not just external intrusions into the pure process of the reflection of reality, but showing how the interaction of variously motivated agents is an intrinsic part of the news production process.

Contents
List of tables
Preface
Acknowledgments

PART I - Theories, methods and historical context
1 Catching the wind: theoretical approach to the study
2 Russian media system: historical background

PART II - Agents of power
3 State agents
4 State and non-state agents of violence
5 Owners
6 Advertisers
7 Sources of information
8 Rank-and-file journalists
9 Center and periphery of power: media top managers as power mediators

PART III - Special studies
10 Regional media landscapes: diversity of power configurations
11 The story of Peterburg – 5 Kanal
12 The story of NTV
13 Change in the coverage of the Chechen wars
Conclusion

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Olessia Koltsova - News, Media and Political Power in Russia (2006).pdf

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John L. Keep - Soldiers of the Tsar, Army and Soci ety in Russia, 1462-1874 (1985).jpg

Whether or not today's mighty Soviet war machine has pre-revolutionary roots is a matter for debate among historians. But it is well known that the grand princes of Moscow created a harsh but effective system for mobilizing men for military purposes that lasted for nearly 500 years. This volume explores the military aspects of Russian society and the "service state" from its 15th-century origins until its obsolescence in the age of mass conscription and mechanized warfare. The author examines the complex interplay of military and civilian elements in Russia's administration; the social and economic impact of the armed forces; the way officers and men were recruited and the conditions in which they worked; and the development of opposition to military dominance. Focusing on the human rather than the technical aspects of military history, this book offers a rare picture of the inner life of the armed forces and of the Russian political and social system under the tsars.

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122,6 MB
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John L. Keep - Soldiers of the Tsar, Army and Soci ety in Russia, 1462-1874 (1985).pdf

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Sarah Ashwin - Adapting to Russia’s New Labour Mar ket, Gender and employment behavio (2006).jpg

Provides very interesting analyses of the ways individuals are dealing with the deep problems during the restructuring of the Russian labour market, and the gender differences in relation to individual strategies.
This book identifies and explains gender differences in responses to Russia's transformed economic environment, and reveals the way in which these influence both a labor market outcomes and the well-being of men and women.

Drawing upon analysis based on original research including a series of qualitative interviews, the experienced team of sociologists chart the progress of 120 men and 120 women through the turbulent Russian labor market of 1999-2001. The study includes chapters on the way gender norms inherited from the Soviet era have influenced responses to transition; sex segregation and discrimination in the labor market; gender differences in work orientations and behavior; who benefits from networks; and which life events are most likely to initiate downward economic trajectories.

An excellent book which will provide students, researchers and policy makers in social sciences with a new insight into the contradictions and problems of actual development in Russia.

Contents
Illustrations
Notes on contributors
Acknowledgements
1 Dealing with devastation in Russia: men and women compared
2 The post-Soviet gender order: imperatives and implications
3 Sex segregation and discrimination in the new Russian labour market
4 Work orientations and employment behaviour: gender differences?
5 Gender differences in employment behaviour in Russia’s new labour market
6 Who benefits from networks?
7 Critical life events and downward trajectories
8 Conclusion
Index

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Sarah Ashwin - Adapting to Russia’s New Labour Mar ket, Gender and employment behavio (2006).pdf

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Jeffery Sachs, Katharina Pistor - The Rule Of Law And Economic Reform In Russia (1997).jpg

What impact has Russia's chosen path of reform had on the development of law after the collapse of the communist regime? This collection of essays examines how Russia's distinctive traditions of law - and lawlessness - are shaping the current struggle for economic reform in the country. Nine renowned scholars, chosen from specialties in history, political science, law, and economics, expertly address the question.

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