One could be excused for thinking that Stephen Jay Gould, the late Harvard paleontologist and historian of science, had consulted Commerce of the Sacred and found there a confirming nod for his claim concerning "the subtle and inevitable hold that theory exerts upon data and observation." "Th e greatest impediment to scientific innovation," Gould aphoristically states, "is usually a conceptual lock, not a factual lack." Hal f a decade before Gould' s oftforwarded aphorism appeared, Jack Lightstone introduced his Commerce of the Sacred with a similar announcement of his approach toward an understand ing of Jewish communities outside Palestine in the various cities of the Greco-Roman world. He states that readers should not expect "fresh evidence relevant to better understanding Hellenistic Judaism" . "I announce no new discoveries," he continues, "nor can I contribute better editions or translations of existing texts".

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Teresa Morgan - Popular Morality in the Early Roma n Empire (2007).jpg

'This clear-headed, balanced and subtle analysis of an important but neglected topic should be in every university library.' The Journal of Classics Teaching

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1 mar 12 12:14

Teresa Morgan - Popular Morality in the Early Roma n Empire (2007).pdf

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Michael Burgan - Empire of Ancient Rome (2009).jpg

The influence of the Roman Empire has been widespread and profound, perhaps more so than that of any other empire or civilization. Rome laid the foundation for many of the institutions and ideas in the modern Western world, including the common political and legal systems. Roman ruins can still be found in distant England, and Roman aqueducts still bring fresh drinking water to modern Rome. Other legacies of the Roman Empire include concrete, pizza, sports arenas, and many English words. "Empire of Ancient Rome, Revised Edition" opens with a brief summary of the Roman Empire and provides an account of the world and geographic area in the years leading up to the empire. In an easy-to-follow format, this volume covers the growth of Rome as a republic, the political and social forces that drove the transition to a dictatorship of Caesars, the reasons for Rome's eventual decline, and what happened to the remnants of the empire.

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Michael Burgan - Empire of Ancient Rome (2009).pdf

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Helen K. Bond - Pontius Pilate in History and Inte rpretation (1999).jpg

This study reconstructs the life of Pontius Pilate, the Roman governor responsible for the execution of Jesus. The first section provides the historical and archaeological background. The following chapters look at six first-century authors: Philo, Josephus and the four gospel writers. Each chapter asks how Pilate is being used as a literary character in each work, why each author describes Pilate in a different way, and what this tells us about the relationship between each author and the Roman state.

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Beryl Rawson - Children and Childhood in Roman Ita ly (2003).jpg

Images of children in Roman society abound: an infant's first bath, learning to walk, playing with pets and toys, going to school, and--all too often--dying prematurely. Children and Childhood in Roman Italy argues that in Roman society children were, in principle and often in practice, welcome, valued and visible. This study builds on the dynamic work on the Roman family that has been developing in recent decades. Its focus on the period between the first century BCE and the early third century CE provides a context for new work being done on early Christian societies, especially in Rome.

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Beryl Rawson - Children and Childhood in Roman Ita ly (2003).pdf

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Neville Morley - Metropolis and Hinterland, The Ci ty of Rome and the Italian Economy, 200 BC-AD 200 (2002).jpg

This book studies the growth of the city of Rome and the effects of the city's demands for food and migrants on the economy of Italy. It seeks to question the idea that all great cities, especially in the ancient world, were parasites on the societies that supported them. On the contrary, the growth of Rome promoted development in agriculture, marketing systems and urbanization in Italy. The book reappraises not only the traditional view of Rome as a consumer city but also the history of Italy in the late Republic and early Principate.

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Neville Morley - Metropolis and Hinterland, The Ci ty of Rome and the Italian Economy, 200 BC-AD 200 (2002).djvu

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Julia M. H. Smith - Europe after Rome, A New Cultu ral History 500-1000 (2005).jpg

This is the first single-author study in over fifty years to offer an integrated appraisal of the early Middle Ages as a dynamic and formative period in European history. Written in an attractive and accessible style, it makes extensive use of original sources to introduce early medieval men and women at all levels of society from slave to emperor, and allows them to speak to the reader in their own words. It overturns traditional narratives and instead offers an entirely fresh approach to the centuries from c.500 to c.1000. Rejecting any notion of a dominant, uniform early medieval culture, it argues that the fundamental characteristic of the early middle ages is diversity of experience. To explain how the men and women who lived in this period ordered their world in cultural, social, and political terms, it employs an innovative methodology combining cultural history, regional studies, and gender history. Ranging comparatively from Ireland to Hungary and from Scotland and Scandinavia to Spain and Italy, the analysis highlights three themes: regional variation, power, and the legacy of Rome. In the context of debates about the social, religious and cultural meaning of 'Europe' in the early twenty-first century, this books seeks the origins of European cultural pluralism and diversity in the early Middle Ages.

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Julia M. H. Smith - Europe after Rome, A New Cultu ral History 500-1000 (2005).pdf

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Robert B. Jackson - At Empire's Edge, Exploring Ro me's Egyptian Frontier (2002).jpg

When Egypt became a province of the Roman Empire in 30 B.C. after the deaths of Antony and Cleopatra, its vast and mysterious frontier lands had an important impact on the commerce, politics, and culture of the empire. This engrossing book-part history and part gazetteer-focuses on Rome's Egyptian frontier, describing the ancient fortresses, temples, settlements, quarries, and aqueducts scattered throughout the region and conveying a vivid sense of what life was like for its inhabitants. Robert B. Jackson has journeyed, by jeep and on foot, to virtually every known Roman site in the area, from Siwa Oasis, forty-five kilometers from the modern Libyan border, to the Sudan. Drawing on both archaeological and historical information, he discusses these sites, explaining how Rome extracted exotic stone and precious metals from the mountains of the Eastern Desert, channeled the wealth of India and East Africa through the desert via ports on the Red Sea, constructed and manned fortresses in the distant oases of the Western Desert, and facilitated the expansion of agricultural communities in the desert that eventually experienced the earliest large-scale conversions to Christianity in Egypt. Elegantly written and illustrated with many handsome photographs, the book will be a treasured resource for archaeologists, classicists, and travelers to the region.

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2,6 MB
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Robert B. Jackson - At Empire's Edge, Exploring Ro me's Egyptian Frontier (2002).pdf

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Harriet I. Flower - Roman Republics (2009).jpg

From the Renaissance to today, the idea that the Roman Republic lasted more than 450 years--persisting unbroken from the late sixth century to the mid-first century BC--has profoundly shaped how Roman history is understood, how the ultimate failure of Roman republicanism is explained, and how republicanism itself is defined. In Roman Republics, Harriet Flower argues for a completely new interpretation of republican chronology. Radically challenging the traditional picture of a single monolithic republic, she argues that there were multiple republics, each with its own clearly distinguishable strengths and weaknesses. While classicists have long recognized that the Roman Republic changed and evolved over time, Flower is the first to mount a serious argument against the idea of republican continuity that has been fundamental to modern historical study. By showing that the Romans created a series of republics, she reveals that there was much more change--and much less continuity--over the republican period than has previously been assumed. In clear and elegant prose, Roman Republics provides not only a reevaluation of one of the most important periods in western history but also a brief yet nuanced survey of Roman political life from archaic times to the end of the republican era.

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Federico Santangelo - Sulla, the Elites and the Em pire, A Study of Roman Policies in Italy and the G reek East (2007).jpg

This book is a study of Sulla's policies in Italy and in the Greek East. Its main aim is to show how Sulla revived Rome's alliances with the local elites at a critical moment for the survival of her Mediterranean hegemony. The discussion calls into play a wide range of political, economic and religious issues, and the argument is developed from three complementary standpoints: role of elites, administration, and ideology. "Sulla, the Elites and the Empire" deals with both the impact of a prominent individual and the impact of the Roman empire. It sets outs to offer a new understanding of Sulla and his age and, more generally, to contribute to the understanding of the late Roman Republic.

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Federico Santangelo - Sulla, the Elites and the Em pire, A Study of Roman Policies in Italy and the G reek East (2007).pdf

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Barbara Levick - Tiberius the Politician (1999).jpeg

Tiberius has always been one of the most enigmatic of the Roman emperors. At the same time, his career is uniquely important for the understanding of the Empire's development on the foundations laid by Augustus. Barbara Levick offers a comprehensive and engaging portrait of the life and times of Tiberius, including an exploration of his ancestry and his education, an analysis of his provincial and foreign policy and an examination of his debauched final years and his posthumous reputation.

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Barbara Levick - Tiberius the Politician (1999).pdf

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Gregory S. Aldrete - Floods of the Tiber in Ancien t Rome (2007).jpg

While the remains of its massive aqueducts serve as tangible reminders of Rome's efforts to control its supply of drinking water, there are scant physical reminders that other waters sometimes raged out of control. In fact, floods were simply a part of life in ancient Rome, where proximity to the Tiber left a substantial part of the city vulnerable to the river's occasional transgressions. Here, in the first book-length treatment of the impact of floods on an ancient city, Gregory S. Aldrete draws upon a diverse range of scientific and cultural data to develop a rich and detailed account of flooding in Rome throughout the classical period. Aldrete explores in detail the overflowing river's destructive effects, drawing from ancient and modern written records and literary accounts, analyses of the topography and hydrology of the Tiber drainage basin, visible evidence on surviving structures, and the known engineering methods devised to limit the reach of rising water. He discusses the strategies the Romans employed to alleviate or prevent flooding, their social and religious attitudes toward floods, and how the threat of inundation influenced the development of the city's physical and economic landscapes.

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Amy Richlin - The Garden of Priapus, Sexuality and Aggression in Roman Humor (1992).jpg

Statues of the god Priapus stood in Roman gardens to warn potential thieves that the god would rape them if they attempted to steal from him. In this book, Richlin argues that the attitude of sexual aggressiveness in defense of a bounded area serves as a model for Roman satire from Lucilius to Juvenal. Using literary, anthropological, psychological, and feminist methodologies, she suggests that aggressive sexual humor reinforces aggressive behavior on both the individual and societal levels, and that Roman satire provides an insight into Roman culture. Including a substantial and provocative new introduction, this revised edition is important not only as an in-depth study of Roman sexual satire, but also as a commentary on the effects of all humor on society and its victims.

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Amy Richlin - The Garden of Priapus, Sexuality and Aggression in Roman Humor (1992).pdf

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Guy Halsall - Barbarian Migrations and the Roman W est, 376-568 (2008).jpg

This is a major new survey of the barbarian migrations and their role in the fall of the Roman Empire and the creation of early medieval Europe, one of the key events in European history. Unlike previous studies it integrates historical and archaeological evidence and discusses Britain, Ireland, mainland Europe and North Africa, demonstrating that the Roman Empire and its neighbours were inextricably linked. A narrative account of the turbulent fifth and early sixth centuries is followed by a description of society and politics during the migration period and an analysis of the mechanisms of settlement and the changes of identity. Guy Halsall reveals that the creation and maintenance of kingdoms and empires was impossible without the active involvement of people in the communities of Europe and North Africa. He concludes that, contrary to most opinions, the fall of the Roman Empire produced the barbarian migrations, not vice versa.

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Thoma Grunewald - Bandits in the Roman Empire, Myt h and Reality (2004).jpg

Whom did the Romans see as bandits (latrones) and what did they understand as robbery (lactrocinium)? How pressing was the threat that the bandits posed? How did their contemporaries perceive the danger? This book examines the concept of latrones, literally bandits or robbers, and how the term was used in the Roman world of the late Republic and the early Empire (2nd c. BC - 3rd c. AD). Case studies focus on those who clashed with the imperial authorities, such as Viriatus, Tacfarinus, Maternus and Bulla Felix, and special attention is given to perhaps the best-known bandit of all, Spartacus, and to the men who impersonated the emperor Nero after his death. We are shown that the term latrones was not just used to refer to criminals but was metaphorically and disparagingly applied to failed political rebels, rivals and avengers. The word also came to represent the 'noble brigand', idealising the underdog as a means of criticising the winning side. The author therefore presentsbanditry both as a social type and as a literary construct, appearing in many different forms, in all types of writing. This wide-ranging and informative survey of 'outsider' groups in the Roman Empire will contribute greatly to our understanding of Roman social history.

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Thoma Grunewald - Bandits in the Roman Empire, Myt h and Reality (2004).pdf

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Sam Wilkinson - Caligula (2004).jpg

Sam Wilkinson provides an accessible introduction to the reign of Caligula, one of the most controversial of all the Roman Emperors. Caligula's policies have often been interpreted to be those of a depraved tyrant. This study provides a reassessment of this controversial reign by scrutinizing the ancient literary sources that are so hostile to Caligula, and by examining the reasoning behind the policies he enforced. Key topics discussed include:
* Caligula's early life and accession to power
* Caligula's relationship with the Senate
* how far Caligula's domestic and foreign policies can be judged to be a success
* why Caligula was assassinated in AD 41, only four years after his accession to power.

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Sam Wilkinson - Caligula (2004).pdf

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Carlin A. Barton - Roman Honor, The Fire in the Bo nes (2001).jpg

This book is an attempt to coax Roman history closer to the bone, to the breath and matter of the living being. Drawing from a remarkable array of ancient and modern sources, Carlin Barton offers the most complex understanding to date of the emotional and spiritual life of the ancient Romans. Her provocative and original inquiry focuses on the sentiments of honor that shaped the Romans' sense of themselves and their society. Speaking directly to the concerns and curiosities of the contemporary reader, Barton brings Roman society to life, elucidating the complex relation between the inner life of its citizens and its social fabric. Though thoroughly grounded in the ancient writings--especially the work of Seneca, Cicero, and Livy--this book also draws from contemporary theories of the self and social theory to deepen our understanding of ancient Rome. Barton explores the relation between inner desires and social behavior through an evocative analysis of the operation, in Roman society, of contests and ordeals, acts of supplication and confession, and the sense of shame. As she fleshes out Roman physical and psychological life, she particularly sheds new light on the consequential transition from republic to empire as a watershed of Roman social relations. Barton's ability to build productively on both old and new scholarship on Roman history, society, and culture and her imaginative use of a wide range of work in such fields as anthropology, sociology, psychology, modern history, and popular culture will make this book appealing for readers interested in many subjects. This beautifully written work not only generates insight into Roman history, but also uses that insight to bring us to a new understanding of ourselves, our modern codes of honor, and why it is that we think and act the way we do.

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Carlin A. Barton - Roman Honor, The Fire in the Bo nes (2001).rar

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J. Theodore Pena - Roman Pottery in the Archaeolog ical Record (2007).jpg

This book examines how Romans used their pottery and the implications of these practices on the archaeological record. It is organized around a flow model for the life cycle of Roman pottery that includes a set of eight distinct practices: manufacture, distribution, prime use, reuse, maintenance, recycling, discard, reclamation. J. Theodore Peña evaluates how these practices operated, how they have shaped the archaeological record, and the implications of these processes on archaeological research through the examination of a wide array of archaeological, textual, representational, and comparative ethnographic evidence. The result is a rich portrayal of the dynamic that shaped the archaeological record of the ancient Romans that will be of interest to archaeologists, ceramicists, and students of material culture.

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