Asceticism deploys abstention, self-control, and self-denial, to order oneself or a community in relation to the divine. Both its practices and the cultural ideals they expressed were important to pagans, Jews, Christians of different kinds, and Manichees. Richard Finn presents for the first time a combined study of the major ascetic traditions, which have been previously misunderstood by being studied separately. He examines how people abstained from food, drink, sexual relations, sleep, and wealth; what they meant by their behaviour; and how they influenced others in the Graeco-Roman world. Against this background, the book charts the rise of monasticism in Egypt, Asia Minor, Syria, and North Africa, assessing the crucial role played by the third-century exegete, Origen, and asks why monasticism developed so variously in different regions.

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J. S. Richardson - Hispaniae, Spain and the Develo pment of Roman Imperialism, 218-82 BC (2004).jpg

'... R writes clearly and takes particular care to summarise developments in one period before moving on to the next. It would certainly be worth acquiring a copy for the library.' The Journal of Classics Teaching

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Hugh Lindsay - Adoption in the Roman World (2009).jpg

Adoption in other cultures and other times provides a background to understanding the operation of adoption in the Roman worlds. This book considers the relationship of adoption to kinship structures in the Greek and Roman world. It considers the procedures for adoption followed by a separate analysis of testamentary cases, and the impact of adoption on nomenclature. The impact of adoption on inheritance arrangements is considered, including an account of how the families of freedmen were affected. Its use as a mode of succession at Rome is detailed, and this helps to understand the anxiety of childless Romans to procure a son through adoption, rather than simply to nominate heirs in their wills. The strategy also had political uses, and importantly it was used to rearrange natural succession in the imperial family. The book concludes with political adoptions, looking at the detailed case studies of Clodius and Octavian.

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Luke Timothy Johnson - Among the Gentiles, Greco-R oman Religion and Christianity (2009).jpg

The question of Christianity’s relation to the other religions of the world is more pertinent and difficult today than ever before. While Christianity’s historical failure to appreciate or actively engage Judaism is notorious, Christianity’s even more shoddy record with respect to “pagan” religions is less understood. Christians have inherited a virtually unanimous theological tradition that thinks of paganism in terms of demonic possession, and of Christian missions as a rescue operation that saves pagans from inherently evil practices.

In undertaking this fresh inquiry into early Christianity and Greco-Roman paganism, Luke Timothy Johnson begins with a broad definition of religion as a way of life organized around convictions and experiences concerning ultimate power. In the tradition of William James’s Variety of Religious Experience, he identifies four distinct ways of being religious: religion as participation in benefits, as moral transformation, as transcending the world, and as stabilizing the world. Using these criteria as the basis for his exploration of Christianity and paganism, Johnson finds multiple points of similarity in religious sensibility.

Christianity’s failure to adequately come to grips with its first pagan neighbors, Johnson asserts, inhibits any effort to engage positively with adherents of various world religions. This thoughtful and passionate study should help break down the walls between Christianity and other religious traditions.

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Adolf Berger - Encyclopedic Dictionary of Roman La w (1953).jpg

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Adolf Berger - Encyclopedic Dictionary of Roman La w (1953).pdf

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John A. Crook - Law and Life of Rome (1967).jpg

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John A. Crook - Law and Life of Rome (1967).pdf

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Suzanne Dixon - The Roman Family (1992).jpg

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Suzanne Dixon - The Roman Family (1992).pdf

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T. P. Wiseman - New Men in the Roman Senate, 139 B .C. - A.D. 14 (1971).jpg

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T. P. Wiseman - New Men in the Roman Senate, 139 B .C. - A.D. 14 (1971).pdf

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Bruce W Frier - Landlords and tenants in imperial Rome (1980).jpg

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Bruce W Frier - Landlords and tenants in imperial Rome (1980).pdf

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Neil Coffee - The Commerce of War, Exchange and So cial Order in Latin Epic (2009).jpg

Latin epics such as Virgil’s Aeneid, Lucan’s Civil War, and Statius’s Thebaid addressed Roman aristocrats whose dealings in gifts, favors, and payments defined their conceptions of social order. In The Commerce of War, Neil Coffee argues that these exchanges play a central yet overlooked role in epic depictions of Roman society. Tracing the collapse of an aristocratic worldview across all three poems, Coffee highlights the distinction they draw between reciprocal gift giving among elites and the more problematic behaviors of buying and selling. In the Aeneid, customary gift and favor exchanges are undermined by characters who view human interaction as short-term and commodity-driven. The Civil War takes the next logical step, illuminating how Romans cope once commercial greed has supplanted traditional values. Concluding with the Thebaid, which focuses on the problems of excessive consumption rather than exchange, Coffee closes his powerful case that these poems constitute far-reaching critiques of Roman society during its transition from republic to empire.

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Richard J. Cassidy - Christians and Roman Rule in the New Testament, New Perspectives (2001).jpg

In this work, Cassidy explains how Roman political domination from the rule of Augustus to Trajan influenced Judaism and the early Christian Church.

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Richard J. Cassidy - Christians and Roman Rule in the New Testament, New Perspectives (2001).pdf

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Patricia Crone - Roman, Provincial and Islamic Law , The Origins of the Islamic Patronate (2002).jpg

This book examines the cultural origins of Islamic law. Some authorities stress the importance of the contribution of Roman law; others that of Arabian law. Most are agreed that Jewish law contributed, but not explained further. Dr Crone tests the Roman hypothesis with reference to one institution, the patronate, which does indeed appear to owe something to Roman law. He concludes that Roman law contributed only in so far as it was part and parcel of the rather different legal practice of the Near Eastern provinces, and that provincial law would repay further consideration by legal historians.

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Patricia Crone - Roman, Provincial and Islamic Law , The Origins of the Islamic Patronate (2002).djvu

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John H. D'Arms - Commerce and Social Standing in A ncient Rome (1981).jpg

John D'Arms explores here a question of central importance for the social economic history of the Roman world: which sectors of society were actively engaged in trade? In the late Roman Republic and early Empire senators were prohibited by law from direct participation in seaborne commerce; trade was not considered a respectable pursuit. Yet large fortunes were amassed by men of rank through a variety of lucrative enterprises. Exploiting the evidence of literature, archaeology, and inscription, D'Arms constructs case histories which reveal how senators realized commercial profits by indirect involvement: freedmen, municipal notables, and "friends" often served as the equivalent of partners or agents of aristocrats with large holdings in land. In demonstrating a flexibility in upper-class attitudes toward commercial activity, he offers a study in the adaptation of a social system to economic realities.

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John H. D'Arms - Commerce and Social Standing in A ncient Rome (1981).pdf

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Paul W. Walaskay - 'And so we Came to Rome ', The Political Perspective of St Luke (2005).jpg

It has often been suggested that Luke's two volumes were written as an apology for Christianity, to demonstrate to the Roman authorities that the new faith was not a dangerous and subversive innovation, a threat to the Pax Romana and to Roman rule. This book reviews the development of the 'traditional perspective', then raises some questions, e.g. if Luke was writing an apologia pro ecclesia, why does he include so much material politically damaging to the Christian cause? Is it possible that the approach has been made from the wrong angle, that Luke was writing an apologia not pro ecclesia but pro imperio, to assure his fellow Christians that Church and Empire need not fear or suspect each other? This conclusion is then supported by an investigation of the text of Luke-Acts, particularly the trials of Jesus and Paul. This challenging volume will be of interest to students and scholars of the New Testament and to ecclesiastical and Roman historians.

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C. Kavin Rowe - World Upside Down, Reading Acts in the Graeco-Roman Age (2009).jpg

For almost 300 years, the dominant trend in New Testament interpretation has been to read the Acts of the Apostles as a document that argues for the political possibility of harmonious co-existence between 'Rome' and the early Christian movement. Kavin Rowe argues that the time is long overdue for a sophisticated, critically constructive reappraisal. For Luke (the author of Acts), he says, politics is the embodied and concrete shape of God's apocalypse, or revelation, to the world. To understand Luke's political vision, therefore, we must examine how the narration of God's identity shapes ecclesiology: theological truth claims and the core practices of Christian communities are bound together in the very nature of things. Recognizing this interconnection requires a radical reassessment and rereading of Acts. No longer can Acts be seen as a simple apologia that articulates Christianity's harmlessness vis-à-vis Rome. Rather, in its attempt to form communities that witness to God's apocalypse, Luke's second volume is a highly charged and theologically sophisticated political document. Indeed, argues Rowe, Luke aims at nothing less than the construction of a new culture - a total pattern of life - that inherently runs counter to the constitutive aspects of Graeco-Roman society.

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C. Kavin Rowe - World Upside Down, Reading Acts in the Graeco-Roman Age (2009).pdf

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Peter Garnsey - Famine and Food Supply in the Grae co-Roman World, Responses to Risk and Crisis (1988 ).jpg

The first full-length study of famine in antiquity. The study provides detailed case studies of Athens and Rome, the best known states of antiquity, but also illuminates the institutional response to food crisis in the mass of ordinary cities in the Mediterranean world. Ancient historians have generally shown little interest in investigating the material base of the unique civilisations of the Graeco-Roman world, and have left unexplored the role of the food supply in framing the central institutions and practices of ancient society.

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Peter Garnsey - Famine and Food Supply in the Grae co-Roman World, Responses to Risk and Crisis (1988 ).pdf

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Rodolfo Lanciani - Pagan and Christian Rome (1893).jpg

A very complete and detailed volume discussing Rome and how it evolved through time. Contents: transformation of Rome from a Pagan into a Christian city; Pagan shrines and temples; Christian churches; imperial tombs; Papal tombs; Pagan cemeteries; Christian cemeteries. Profusely illustrated throughout with 26 full page illustrations and over 90 illustrations in the text.

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Rodolfo Lanciani - Pagan and Christian Rome (1893).pdf

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Kate Cooper, Julia Hillner - Religion, Dynasty, an d Patronage in Early Christian Rome, 300-900 (2007 ).jpg

Traces the central role played by aristocratic patronage in the transformation of the city of Rome at the end of antiquity. It moves away from privileging the administrative and institutional developments related to the rise of papal authority as the paramount theme in the city's post-classical history. Instead the focus shifts to the networks of reciprocity between patrons and their dependents. Using material culture and social theory to challenge traditional readings of the textual sources, the volume undermines the teleological picture of ecclesiastical sources such as the Liber Pontificalis, and presents the lay, clerical, and ascetic populations of the city of Rome at the end of antiquity as interacting in a fluid environment of alliance-building and status negotiation. By focusing on the city whose aristocracy is the best-documented of any ancient population, the volume makes an important contribution to understanding the role played by elites across the end of antiquity.

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Kate Cooper, Julia Hillner - Religion, Dynasty, an d Patronage in Early Christian Rome, 300-900 (2007 ).pdf

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