What is jihad? Does it mean violence, as many non-Muslims assume? Or does it mean peace, as some Muslims insist? Because jihad is closely associated with the early spread of Islam, today's debate about the origin and meaning of jihad is nothing less than a struggle over Islam itself. In Jihad in Islamic History, Michael Bonner provides the first study in English that focuses on the early history of jihad, shedding much-needed light on the most recent controversies over jihad.

To some, jihad is the essence of radical Islamist ideology, a synonym for terrorism, and even proof of Islam's innate violence. To others, jihad means a peaceful, individual, and internal spiritual striving. Bonner, however, shows that those who argue that jihad means only violence or only peace are both wrong. Jihad is a complex set of doctrines and practices that have changed over time and continue to evolve today. The Quran's messages about fighting and jihad are inseparable from its requirements of generosity and care for the poor. Jihad has often been a constructive and creative force, the key to building new Islamic societies and states. Jihad has regulated relations between Muslims and non-Muslims, in peace as well as in war. And while today's "jihadists" are in some ways following the "classical" jihad tradition, they have in other ways completely broken with it.

Written for general readers who want to understand jihad and its controversies, Jihad in Islamic History will also interest specialists because of its original arguments.

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Michael Bonner - Jihad in Islamic History, Doctrin es and Practice (2006).pdf

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Brian S. Bauer, Vania Smith - Gamboas History Of T he Incas (2007).jpg

The History of the Incas was written in 1572 by Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa. This translation, by Brian S. Bauer and Vania Smith makes this exciting work available to readers of English who might not otherwise have access to this priceless history. In addition, they took pains to make this book as accessible as possible to nonspecialist, without destroying the historical significance or meaning of the text, and to remove extraneous information such as the chapter on the search for the lost city of Atlantis. The introduction to this book, written by Brian S. Bauer and Jean-Jacques Decoster provides an edifying overview of The History of the Incas, covering such details as how and where Gamboa wrote the original manuscript and the many incarnations of the book over the ages.

Gamboa wrote this history while in the city of Cuzco, the capitol of the Inca Empire. At the time, there were those still around with a first hand knowledge of the Empire and its history, and Gamboa made full use of these informants. It is, in many regards, the only contemporary Inca history in existence. As such, this book is essential reading for anyone with an interest in Andean studies, specifically Inca history and mythology. This translation of The History of the Incas is eminently readable, and should be required reading in any college-level course dealing with Inca history, anthropology, or archaeology.

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9,7 MB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Brian S. Bauer, Vania Smith - Gamboas History Of T he Incas (2007).pdf

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Toby A. H. Wilkinson - Early Dynastic Egypt (1999).jpg

Early Dynastic Egypt spans the five centuries preceding the construction of the Great Pyramid at Giza. This was the formative period of ancient Egyptian civilization, and it witnessed the creation of a distinctive culture that was to endure for 3,000 years. This book examines the background to that great achievement, the mechanisms by which it was accomplished, and the character of life in the Nile valley during the first 500 years of Pharaonic rule.

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5,7 MB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Toby A.H.Wilkinson - Early Dynastic Egypt (1999).pdf

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10 wrz 18 22:03

François Crouzet - A History of the European Econo my, 1000 - 2000 (2001).jpg

All History - Franois Crouzet - A History of the European Economy, 1000 - 2000 2001.jpg

Considering Europe as a whole rather than as a mosaic of individual states, François Crouzet presents here an accessible, engaging history of the European economy during the second millennium.

Stressing the common economic institutions shared over time by the different regions of Europe and the networks of relations that have linked them, Crouzet examines pan- European changes and integration rather than merely the particular experiences of individual countries. A History of the European Economy, 1000-2000 goes beyond addressing the historical ramifications of trade in the European economy to encompass problems such as the diffusion of technology, the migration of capital and labor, diasporas and minorities, and national diversity. By stressing the historical origins of the drive toward European integration and its progress all the way to the birth of the euro, Crouzet delivers an original and comprehensive overview of European economic history.

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10 wrz 18 22:03

François Crouzet - A History of the European Econo my, 1000 - 2000 (2001).pdf

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Igor M. Diakonoff - The Paths Of History (1999).jpg

This is a broad and ambitious study of the entire history of humanity that takes as its point of departure Marx's theory of social evolution. Professor Diakonoff's theory of world history differs from Marx's in a number of ways. First, he has expanded Marx's five stages of development to eight. Second, he denies that social evolution necessarily implies progress and shows how "each progress is simultaneously a regress," and third, he demonstrates that the transition from one stage to another is not necessarily marked by social conflict and that sometimes this is achieved peacefully and gracefully. As the book moves through these various stages, the reader is drawn into a remarkable and thought-provoking study of the process of the history of the human race that focuses on the wide range of factors (economic, social, military-technological, and socio-pyschological) that have influenced our development from palaeolithic times to the present day.

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Martin van Creveld - The Rise and Decline of the S tate (1999).jpg

The state, which since the middle of the seventeenth century has been the most important of all modern institutions, is in decline. From Western Europe to Africa, many existing states are either combining into larger communities or falling apart. Many of their functions are likely to be taken over by a variety of organizations that, whatever their precise nature, are not states. In this unique volume Martin van Creveld traces the story of the state from its beginnings to its end. Starting with the simplest political organizations that ever existed, he guides the reader through the origins of the state, its development, its apotheosis during the two World Wars, and its spread from its original home in Western Europe to cover the globe. In doing so, he provides a fascinating history of government from its origins to the present day. This original book will of interest to historians, political scientists and sociologists.

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1,8 MB
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Martin van Creveld - The Rise and Decline of the S tate (1999).pdf

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Geoffrey Nowell-Smith - Oxford History of Cinema C omplete (1997).jpg

Most histories of the international cinema focus on the careers of prominent directors. But the authors of The Oxford History of World Cinema set cinematic genres, trends, and national themes at the fore, composing a history of the cinema that is equally a history of our multifarious world culture. Still, in deference to the older historical style, the text of this hefty book is dotted with hundreds of minibiographies on individual filmmakers. The result of this hybrid approach is one of the most comprehensive film histories ever, allowing insight into its complex subject from a number of different perspectives.

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37,5 MB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Geoffrey Nowell-Smith - Oxford History of Cinema C omplete (1997).pdf

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Alan Harding - Medieval Law and the Foundations of the State (2001).jpg

"The State" is the most powerful of political ideas but where does it come from? This broad-ranging new study traces the history of the word and the concept back to the systems of law and justice created by medieval kings and shows how legal institutions acquired political force.

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1,5 MB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Alan Harding - Medieval Law and the Foundations of the State (2001).pdf

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Gerhard Endress - Islam Historical Introduction (2 002).jpg

Hailed as a concise survey of Islamic history and culture, An Introduction to Islam covers everything from Islamic theology and law to the development of the Arabic, Persian, and Turkish languages, from social and economic life in the middle ages to the invention of the Muslim calendar. For the second edition, the text as well as the references and bibliography have been brought up to date.

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Hooly M. Dunsworth - Human Origins 101 (2007).jpg

"Dunsworth offers students and general readers an introductory exploration of human origins and evolution. Coverage includes a brief history of the search for human origins and human evolutionary studies; evolutionary theory and Darwin's formulation of the theory of evolution by natural selection and by sexual selection; fossil and archaeological records; recent advances that the field of genetics has made in understanding human origins and evolution; and ways of interpreting the evidence from living animal models, fossils, artifacts, and genetics."

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2,5 MB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Hooly M. Dunsworth - Human Origins 101 (2007).pdf

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John Emsley - The Elements of Murder, A History of Poison (2005).jpg

Readers seduced by this book's provocative title into expecting a spicy catalog of murder and mayhem may be a bit disappointed by its somewhat dry and technical tone. The author, a veteran science writer, certainly knows his stuff, but he may have slightly overestimated his audience's tolerance for discussions of chemical formulas. Still, for the patient reader, there is a wealth of intriguing information here. Emsley traces the evolution of alchemy and explains the central role that the quest to turn metal into gold plays in the history of poison, pausing along the way to note that Isaac Newton's obsession with alchemy may have contributed to his madness. Later chapters discuss the history, uses, and murderous abuses of mercury, arsenic, antimony, lead, and thallium. Yes, it's technical, but just keep plodding: it's not all formulas. Emsley retells enough juicy and lurid (and sometimes famous) stories of murder by poison to enthrall both true-crime fans and budding mystery writers.

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John Lewis Gaddis - The Landscape of History, How Historians Map the Past (2002).jpg

What is history and why should we study it? Is there such a thing as historical truth? Is history a science? One of the most accomplished historians at work today, John Lewis Gaddis, answers these and other questions in this short, witty, and humane book. The Landscape of History provides a searching look at the historian's craft, as well as a strong argument for why a historical consciousness should matter to us today. Gaddis points out that while the historical method is more sophisticated than most historians realize, it doesn't require unintelligible prose to explain. Like cartographers mapping landscapes, historians represent what they can never replicate. In doing so, they combine the techniques of artists, geologists, paleontologists, and evolutionary biologists. Their approaches parallel, in intriguing ways, the new sciences of chaos, complexity, and criticality. They don't much resemble what happens in the social sciences, where the pursuit of independent variables functioning with static systems seems increasingly divorced from the world as we know it. So who's really being scientific and who isn't? This question too is one Gaddis explores, in ways that are certain to spark interdisciplinary controversy. Written in the tradition of Marc Bloch and E.H. Carr, The Landscape of History is at once an engaging introduction to the historical method for beginners, a powerful reaffirmation of it for practitioners, a startling challenge to social scientists, and an effective skewering of post-modernist claims that we can't know anything at all about the past. It will be essential reading for anyone who reads, writes, teaches, or cares about history.

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Peter Hinchcliffe, John T. Ducker, Maria Holt - Wi thout Glory in Arabia, The British Retreat from Ad en (2006).jpg

All History - Peter Hinchcliffe, John T. Ducker, Maria Holt - Witho...t Glory in Arabia, The British Retreat from Aden 2006.jpg

'So we left without glory but without disaster', Sir Humphrey Trevelyan, the last High Commissioner of the Federation of South Arabia. In 1967, 139 years after their arrival in Aden, the British withdrew from the southern tip of the Arabian Peninsula. Using important, previously unpublished material and original interviews with a range of individuals, both British and Yemeni, who lived through this fascinating period of colonial history, Without Glory in Arabia tells the story of the final few years of British rule in Aden and the neighboring Eastern and Western Aden Protectorates. While some would argue that British rule had, on the whole, been beneficial to the local population, others insist that very little was achieved. Worse, Britain was unable to find a structure of government constitution which met the conflicting needs of Aden and the Protectorate. This illuminating book brilliantly sets the "scuttle" in context with a thorough re-examination of the background against which the events of the 1960s unfolded in this obscure backwater of the British Empire.

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Peter Hinchcliffe, John T. Ducker, Maria Holt - Wi thout Glory in Arabia, The British Retreat from Ad en (2006).pdf

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Günter Kaufmann - HJ. Das kommende Deutschland (19 40).jpg

All History - Gnter Kaufmann - HJ. Das kommende Deutschland 1940.jpg

"Гитлерюгенд" (Hitlerjugend - "Гитлеровская молодежь"), молодежная нацистская организация военизированного типа, главный кадровый резерв НСДАП. Была создана декретом от 1 декабря 1936. Во главе ее был поставлен рейхсюгендфюрер Бальдур фон Ширах, подчинявшийся непосредственно Гитлеру. Закон 1936 года констатировал, что немецкая молодежь должна воспитываться "в физическом, духовном и моральном отношении в духе национал-социализма, служения народу и национальному сообществу". Все существовавшие ранее в Германии молодежные клубы и союзы вошли в состав "Гитлерюгенд", который охватывал около 60% немецкой молодежи. 25 марта 1938 вышло распоряжение, регулирующее структуру "Гитлерюгенд".
Книга описывает зонирование и структуру организации, вопросы физического и политического воспитания молодежи, знаки различия и звания членов Гитлерюгенда. Материал предоставлен не с целью пропаганды нацизма, но для исследования истории Третьего рейха.

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Günter Kaufmann - HJ. Das kommende Deutschland (19 40).pdf

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Classic Soldiers - Stuart Reid - Highlander, Fearl ess Celtic Warriors (2002).JPG

This series was created by Military Illustrated magazine, the leading monthly military history publication in the English language. It has built an unrivaled reputation for authoritative articles, primary research, rare photographs, and specially commissioned artwork.

The Scots Highlander was famous for his fearless charges into the face of the enemy and renowned for his bravery, loyalty, and sheer fighting skills. The remarkable story of the Highlanders is fully explored, beginning with their Celtic inheritance, their battles for independence against the English, and their involvement in the Jacobite rebellion

Highlanders today are an important element in the fighting forces of the United Kingdom and have fought around the world for their country from the Napoleonic wars to the most recent conflicts. First-hand accounts bring their courage and fighting skills vividly to life.

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Classic Soldiers - Stuart Reid - Highlander, Fearl ess Celtic Warriors (2002) [JPG].rar

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Bill Freund - African City, A History (2007).jpg

This unique book is comprehensive both in terms of time coverage, from before the Pharaohs to the present moment and in that it tries to consider cities from the entire continent, not just Sub-Saharan Africa. Apart from factual information and rich description material culled from many sources, it looks at many issues from why urban life emerged in the first place to how present-day African cities cope in difficult times. Instead of seeing towns and cities as somehow extraneous to the real Africa, it views them as an inherent part of developing Africa, indigenous, colonial, and post-colonial and emphasizes the extent to which the future of African society and African culture will likely be played out mostly in cities. The book is written to appeal to students of history but equally to geographers, planners, sociologists and development specialists interested in urban problems.

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Bill Freund - African City, A History (2007).pdf

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Norman Etherington - Missions and Empire (2005).jpg

The widespread idea that Christian missions went hand in hand with Imperialism and colonial conquest is challenged here by a group of eminent historians. By showing the variety of missions and the vital role played by indigenous men and women, they place missions in a long historical perspective. Special attention is paid to emerging themes such as the missionary role in anthropology, gender relations, language, medicine, and decolonization.

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Norman Etherington - Missions and Empire (2005).pdf

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brzeska11 napisano 24.11.2022 15:39

Polecam, książki o Wikingach, archeologia,rekonstrukcja średniowiecza, bazy znalezisk, wczesne średniowiecze: Hedeby, Archeologia wikingów

moyade8805 napisano 27.01.2023 09:08

Super chomik

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Super chomik, wartościowe pozycje dla emeryta 84!

mona7551 napisano 27.11.2023 21:53

dzięki super zbiory zapraszam do siebie

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Zapraszam

MOONLIGHTNEO napisano 2.06.2025 05:20

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magda.s3 napisano 15.09.2025 15:59

AUDIOBOOKI NOWOŚCI 2025 I HITY WYDAWNICZE EBOOKI różne formaty, NOWOŚCI, HITY, kryminał, reportaż, psychologia, psychiatria, thriller, klasyki gatunku, trudnodostępne perełki, zapraszam!

DELL_2026 napisano 29.03.2026 19:27