Like its earlier edition, published in 1994, Encyclopedia of the Roman Empire seeks to provide multidisciplinary coverage of 500 years of "the most important personalities, terms, and sites" of this period. Expanded to 636 pages from 494, the encyclopedia includes nearly 2,000 entries, with new ones covering daily life, engineering, science, law, and the role of women in Roman society. There are also new reading lists for the major entries as well as an updated bibliography, which has increased from 56 items of only secondary sources to a list of nearly twice as many, now including primary sources that were not part of the earlier edition.

As in the first edition, entries are arranged alphabetically and range from a short dictionary snippet to longer treatments of 4,000 words or more. Some entries include reading lists, but this convention is not widespread throughout the work. As in the first edition, approximately 60 percent of the entries are biographical. The other entries fall within larger topical categories such as government, society, literature and art, law, trade and commerce, warfare, and religion. Among new entries are China; Clothing; Food and drink, Roman; Law; Transportation ; and Women, status of. Expanded entries include Calendar, Christianity, Industry, Legions, and Philosophy. Legions is one of the longest, with eight pages of text, including subheadings for development, training and equipment, organization, camps, auxiliaries, the role of legions in the late empire, and a large table of known imperial legions that includes the dates of their beginnings, founders, and where they were stationed.

Other special features of this resource remain unchanged from the first edition: black-and-white illustrations, maps, a chronology of major events, a list of emperors, genealogical tables of the dynasties, a glossary, and an index.

The encyclopedia has become a standard one-volume source on the Roman Empire and is a recommended purchase for any library that did not purchase the first edition. As an updated edition, it would seem a worthwhile purchase for academic and larger public libraries because of its expansion by 100 entries and 140 pages as well as revisions to various existing entries, especially regarding the role of women in the empire. Most high-school and smaller public libraries would have to weigh the usage of the earlier edition and needs of their patrons.

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Matthew Bunson - Encyclopedia of the Roman Empire (2002).pdf

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Thomas Wiedemann - Emperors & Gladiators (2002).jpg

Wiedemann presents an original and comprehensive study of the challenging significance of gladiatorial contests to Roman culture. He demonstrates how the games were not just the result of a thirst for violence, but an important expression of the mythical struggle of order and civilisation against the forces of nature, barbarism and law-breaking.

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Thomas Wiedemann - Emperors & Gladiators (2002).pdf

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Wilfried Nippel - Public Order in Ancient Rome (19 95).jpg

The absence of a professional police force in the city of Rome in classical times is often identified as a major cause of the collapse of the Republic. But this alleged "structural weakness" was not removed by the Emperor Augustus and his successors, and was in fact shared with other premodern states. In this critical new study of the system of law and order in ancient Rome in both the republican and imperial periods, Wilfried Nippel identifies the mechanisms of self-regulation that operated as a stabilizing force within Roman society.

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Wilfried Nippel - Public Order in Ancient Rome (19 95).pdf

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Beate Dignas, Engelbert Winter - Rome and Persia i n Late Antiquity, Neighbours and Rivals (2007).jpg

The foundation of the Sasanian Empire in Persia in AD 224 established a formidable new power on the Roman Empire's eastern frontier, and relations over the next four centuries proved turbulent. This book provides a chronological narrative of their relationship, supported by a substantial collection of translated sources illustrating structural patterns. The political goals of the two sides, their military confrontations and their diplomatic solutions are discussed, as well as the common interests between the two powers. Special attention is given to the situation of Arabia and Armenia, to economic aspects, the protection of the frontiers, the religious life in both empires and the channels of communication between East and West. Considerable attention is also paid to exploring the role played by the Sasanians in the history of the ancient Near East. The book will prove invaluable for students and non-specialists interested in late antiquity and early Byzantium.

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Beate Dignas, Engelbert Winter - Rome and Persia i n Late Antiquity, Neighbours and Rivals (2007) [PD F].rar

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Antony Kamm - Julius Caesar, A Life (2006).jpg

Julius Caesar was a brilliant politician who became sole ruler of a Roman Empire increased in size by his own military exploits. As a military strategist he never lost a campaign; he was also a considerable speaker and historical writer. A lavish spender, who at the outset of his career was often hugely in debt, he had by his death amassed by various means a personal fortune estimated as equal to one-seventh of the entire Roman treasury. His influence was profound and his sexual habits were the scandal of the age.
Antony Kamm provides a fresh account, for the general reader and the student, of his life, set against the historical, political, and social background of the times, with new translations from classical sources. Julius Caesar also features key figures such as Marius, Sulla, Cicero, Catiline, Pompey, Cato, Crasssus, Clodius, Mark Antony, Gaius Octavius, who became emperor Augustus, Calpurnius Piso and his daughter Calpurnia (Caesar's wife), and Cleopatara, as well as the named and unnamed warriors who fought for or against him and politicians who supported or opposed him. For those people interested in the end of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire, and the great figures of Roman history, this new look at an extraordinary man will be indispensable.

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Antony Kamm - Julius Caesar, A Life (2006).pdf

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Karl Galinsky - The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Augustus (2005).jpg

The age of Augustus, commonly dated to 30 BC--AD 14, was a pivotal period in world history. At a time of tremendous change in Rome, Italy, and throughout the Mediterranean world, many developments were underway when Augustus took charge and a recurring theme is the role that he played in influencing their direction. Written by distinguished specialists from the U.S. and Europe, this Companion's sixteen essays explore the multi-faceted character of the period and the interconnections among social, religious, political, literary, and artistic developments.

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Peter Michael Swan - The Augustan Succession, An H istorical Commentary on Cassius Dio’s Roman Histor y Books 55-56 (9 B.C.–A.D. 14) (2004).jpg

Rome - Peter Michael Swan - The Augustan Succession, An Histori...assius Dios Roman History Books 55-56 9 B.C.A.D. 14 2004.jpg

Written in the author's maternal Greek, the Roman History of the third-century A.D. historian Cassius Dio is our fullest surviving historical source for the reign of the Emperor Augustus. In The Augustan Succession Peter Michael Swan provides an ample historical and historiographic commentary on Books 55-56 of the History. These books recount Augustus's last twenty-three years (9 B.C.-A.D. 14), during which the aging monarch, amid dynastic tragedies and military setbacks, orchestrated the continuation of the constitutional and imperial system developed under his leadership, which ended in his transmission of power to his son-in-law Tiberius.

The Augustan Succession is the first commentary since the eighteenth century to offer full and fresh treatment of this segment of Dio's work.
This commentary pays close critical attention to Dio's historical sources, methods, and assumptions as it also strives to present him as a figure in his own right.
During a long life (ca. 164-after 229), Dio served as a Roman senator under seven emperors from Commodus to Severus Alexander, governed three Roman provinces, and was twice consul. An acute and interested contemporary observer of wide experience, positioned close to the seat of imperial power, he was a self-assured personality who embodied deeply conservative political and social views and prejudices.
All these factors inform the pages of Dio's Augustan narrative, as does, above all, his doctrine that the best remedy for the troubles of his own age of "rust and iron" was rule on the model of Augustus.
This is an historical commentary on Books 55-56 of Dio's Roman History.
These books recount the last half of the reign ofthe Emperor Augustus, above all his orchestration of the first imperial succession. Addressed to both students and scholars, the new commentary is the first since the eighteenth century to offer full and fresh treatment of this segment of Dio's work.

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Peter Michael Swan - The Augustan Succession, An H istorical Commentary on Cassius Dio’s Roman Histor y Books 55-56 (9 B.C.–A.D. 14) (2004) [PDF].rar

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Werner Eck - The Age of Augustus (2007).jpg

This concise biography tells the extraordinary story of Augustus, Rome 's first monarch. It traces the history of the Roman revolution and Rome 's transformation from a republic to an empire.Werner Eck provides a vivid narrative of Augustus ' rise to power. From the war against the assassins of Julius Caesar to his struggle against Antony and Cleopatra, this book describes the key aspects of Augustus ' reign and the expansion of his empire.This updated edition includes a stemma of Augustus ' family, new information on the monuments of the Augustan period, a new chapter on legislation, a section on the Augustan wars against the German tribes, and additional maps and illustrations. Organized chronologically and according to specific topics, The Age of Augustus is an ideal resource for anyone approaching the subject for the first time.

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Werner Eck - The Age of Augustus (2007).pdf

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Peter Stein - Roman Law in European History (1999).jpg

Roman law has had a huge impact on European legal and political thought. Peter Stein, one of the world's leading legal historians, explains in this masterly short study how this came to be. He assesses the impact of Roman law in the ancient world, and its continued unifying influence throughout medieval and modern Europe. Roman Law in European History is unparalleled in depth, lucidity and authority, and should prove of enormous utility for teachers and students (at all levels) of legal history, comparative law and European Studies.

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Allen E. Jones - Social Mobility in Late Antique G aul, Strategies and Opportunities for the Non-Elit e (2009).jpg

In Social Mobility in Late Antique Gaul, Allen Jones explores the situation of the non-elite living in Gaul during the late fifth and sixth centuries. Drawing especially on evidence from Gregory of Tours's writings, he formulates a social model based on people of all ranks who were acting in ways that were socially advantageous to them, such as combining resources, serving at court, and participating in ostentatious religious pursuits, such as building churches. Viewing the society as a whole, and taking into account specific social groups, such as impoverished prisoners, paupers active at churches, physicians, and wonder-working enchanters, Jones creates an image of Barbarian Gaul as an honor-driven, brutal, and flexible society defined by social mobility. His work also addresses topics such as social engineering and competition, magic and religion, and the cult of saints.

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D. L Bomgardner - The Story of the Roman Amphithea tre (2000).jpg

David Bomgardner traces the origins and development of that most typical and evocative of Roman monuments: the amphitheatre. The story begins with an investigation of how the amphitheatre formed a central element in the social and political life of the ruling classes of ancient Rome, with detailed reference to the Colosseum. The origins of the amphitheatre are then explored, with a close examination of some of the earliest examples, focusing on the arena at Pompeii. Case studies are also made of some of the most significant amphitheatres from across the Empire - ranging from Italy, Gaul and Spain to Roman north Africa. The development of the spectacles and their final fall before the pressures of the late empire, not least the opposition of the Christian church, are integral to this discussion. The final abandonment of the amphitheatres and their reuse in other guises form the postscript to the story.

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D. L Bomgardner - The Story of the Roman Amphithea tre (2000).pdf

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John E. Morby - Dynastie świata, Przewodnik chrono logiczny i genealogiczny, III, Rzym i Bizancjum.jpg

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Christopher Gill - Galen and the World of Knowledg e (2009).jpg

Galen is the most important medical writer in Graeco-Roman antiquity, and also extremely valuable for understanding Graeco-Roman thought and society in the second century AD. This volume of new essays locates him firmly in the intellectual life of his period, and thus aims to make better sense of the medical and philosophical 'world of knowledge' that he tries to create. How did Galen present himself as a reader and an author in comparison with other intellectuals of his day? Above all, how did he fashion himself as a medical practitioner, and how does that self-fashioning relate to the performance culture of second-century Rome? Did he see medicine as taking over some of the traditional roles of philosophy? These and other questions are freshly addressed by leading international experts on Galen and the intellectual life of the period, in a stimulating collection that combines learning with accessibility.

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Christopher Gill - Galen and the World of Knowledg e (2009).pdf

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Brian Breed, Cynthia Damon, Andreola Rossi - Citiz ens of Discord, Rome and Its Civil Wars (2003).jpg

Civil wars, more than other wars, sear themselves into the memory of societies that suffer them. This is particularly true at Rome, where in a period of 150 years the Romans fought four epochal wars against themselves. The present volume brings together exciting new perspectives on the subject by an international group of distinguished contributors. The basis of the investigation is broad, encompassing literary texts, documentary texts, and material culture, spanning the Greek and Roman worlds. Attention is devoted not only to Rome’s four major conflicts from the period between the 80s BC and AD 69, but the frame extends to engage conflicts both previous and much later, as well as post-classical constructions of the theme of civil war at Rome. Divided into four sections, the first (“Beginnings, Endings”) addresses the basic questions of when civil war began in Rome and when it ended. “Cycles” is concerned with civil war as a recurrent phenomenon without end. “Aftermath” focuses on attempts to put civil war in the past, or, conversely, to claim the legacy of past civil wars, for better or worse. Finally, the section “Afterlife” provides views of Rome’s civil wars from more distant perspectives, from those found in Augustan lyric and elegy to those in much later post-classical literary responses. As a whole, the collection sheds new light on the ways in which the Roman civil wars were perceived, experienced, and represented across a variety of media and historical periods.

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Peter Hardie - Virgil's Aeneid, Cosmos and Imperiu m (19880.jpg

This book explores Virgil's poetic and mythical transformation of Roman imperialist ideology. The Romans saw an analogy between the ordered workings of the natural universe and the proper functioning of their own expanding empire; between orbis and urbs. In combining this cosmic imperialism with the military and panegyrical themes proper to epic, Virgil draws on a number of traditions: the notion that the ideal poet is a cosmologer; the use of allegory to extract natural-philosophical truths from mythology and poetry (especially Homer); the poetic use of hyperbole and the 'universal expression'. Virgil's imagination is dominated by the cosmological poem of Lucretius; the Aeneid, like the De Rerum Natura, is a poem about the universe and how man should live in it, but Virgil's constant inversion of Lucretian values makes of him an anti-Lucretius. Recent criticism has tended to stress the pessimistic and private sides of the Aeneid; but any easy conclusion that the poet was at heart anti-Augustan is precluded by the depth and detail with which he develops the imperialist themes discussed in this book.

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Peter Hardie - Virgil's Aeneid, Cosmos and Imperiu m (19880.pdf

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Andrew Bell - Spectacular Power in the Greek and R oman City (2004).jpg

Andrew Bell's analysis of the power of prestige in civic communities of the ancient world demonstrates the importance of crowds' aesthetic and emotional judgement upon leaders and their ambitious claims for immediate and lasting significance; and also finds consideration of this dynamic still to be valuable for modern citizens. An initial discussion of the fall of Ceausescu in 1989 prompts theoretical considerations about the inseparability of authority and its manifestation; and scrutiny of Julius Caesar's gestures towards self-definition introduces the complexity of ancient political relations.

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Carsten Hjort Lange - Res Publica Constituta (2009 ).jpg

Focusing on the Triumviral period and the battle of Actium, this book offers a re-evaluation of Augustus' rise to power and its presentation in propaganda and ideology.

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Carsten Hjort Lange - Res Publica Constituta (2009 ).pdf

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Carroll Moulton - Ancient Greece and Rome, An Enc yclopedia for Students (1998).jpg

The information in Ancient Greece and Rome is substantially (but not exclusively) a distillation of two previous works, both published by Scribners: Ancient Writers: Greece and Rome (1982), edited by T. James Luce, and Civilizations of the Ancient Mediterranean: Greece and Rome (1988), edited by Michael Grant and Rachel Kitzinger. These volumes, intended for a college-level audience, consist of essays written by experts in Greek and Roman literature, history, art and archaeology, philosophy, religion, and material culture. The task of reshaping this material for a younger audience has been undertaken by the editorial staff of Visual Education Corp. in Princeton, NJ. I would like to acknowledge the contributions of the Editorial Board and the Board of Teaching Consultants, as well as the welcome support and encouragement of Karen Day, Publisher of Scribner Reference Books.

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Bryan Ward-Perkins - The Fall of Rome, And the End of Civilization (2006).jpg

Why did Rome fall? Vicious barbarian invasions during the fifth century resulted in the cataclysmic end of the world's most powerful civilization, and a 'dark age' for its conquered peoples. Or did it? The dominant view of this period today is that the 'fall of Rome' was a largely peaceful transition to Germanic rule, and the start of a positive cultural transformation. Bryan Ward-Perkins encourages every reader to think again by reclaiming the drama and violence of the last days of the Roman world, and reminding us of the very real horrors of barbarian occupation. Attacking new sources with relish and making use of a range of contemporary archaeological evidence, he looks at both the wider explanations for the disintegration of the Roman world and also the consequences for the lives of everyday Romans, in a world of economic collapse, marauding barbarians, and the rise of a new religious orthodoxy. He also looks at how and why successive generations have understood this period differently, and why the story is still so significant today.

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