This is an entry in the Greenhaven Press Encyclopedia Of series, which is intended to help students with research. The arrangement of the book is curious. Rather than being dictionary style, the topics are broken up into chapters ("Prominent People," "Government and Law" ), and the topics within each chapter are listed alphabetically. The table of contents lists all the entries in each chapter. An index provides additional access points. Many entries have see references, and if the entries to which the reader is being referred occur in another chapter, chapter numbers are provided.

The book is sturdy and well designed. It will lay flat for copying, and most of the illustrations (photographs, line drawings, and woodcuts) should copy well. Maps accompany some entries, but a series of maps in the front matter supplemented by smaller maps of battles and so forth would have been useful. The writing should be accessible to advanced-placement middle-school students and above.

Articles range from a few lines to a few double-column pages. The volume includes a chronology and a list of emperors that ends with Romulus Augustulus, the last Western Roman Emperor. The bibliography has works that can be found in most medium-sized to large public libraries.

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Lee Levine - The Galilee in Late Antiquity (1994).jpg

Galilee was the center of Jewish life in Palestine after the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 C.E. as well as a region of prime importance in early Christian history. Here the outstanding scholars in the field present the most up-to-date research: Americans, Israelis, Europeans; Jews and Christians; historians and archaeologists; students of New Testament and rabbinic literature; and those who concentrate on the sociological and cultural aspects of the Galilee. Among the issues examined in these twenty essays: the first Christians; Jewish-Christian conflict; first-century social and economic conditions; the Roman army and rule in Galilee; the role of the rabbi in Jewish society; the sages and the synagogue; Hebrew and Aramaic language and literature; archeological evidence of ancient synagogues, Roman Sepphoris, and social aspects of burial. Combining such a diversity of interests and expertise, The Galilee in Late Antiquity offers penetratinf new insights on the vibrant period from the first to the seventh centuries.

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Lee Levine - The Galilee in Late Antiquity (1994).pdf

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D. L Bomgardner - The Story of the Roman Amphithea tre (2009).jpg

David Bomgardner traces the origins and development of that most typical and evocative of Roman monuments: the amphitheatre. The story begins with an investigation of how the amphitheatre formed a central element in the social and political life of the ruling classes of ancient Rome, with detailed reference to the Colosseum. The origins of the amphitheatre are then explored, with a close examination of some of the earliest examples, focusing on the arena at Pompeii. Case studies are also made of some of the most significant amphitheatres from across the Empire - ranging from Italy, Gaul and Spain to Roman north Africa. The development of the spectacles and their final fall before the pressures of the late empire, not least the opposition of the Christian church, are integral to this discussion. The final abandonment of the amphitheatres and their reuse in other guises form the postscript to the story.

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D. L Bomgardner - The Story of the Roman Amphithea tre (2009).pdf

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Richard Duncan-Jones - Money and Government in the Roman Empire (1994).jpg

This book discusses minting and financial policy in the first three centuries of the Roman Empire. By studying Roman coin-survivals in a wider context, the author uncovers important facts about the origin of coin hoards of the Principate. The resulting analyses use extensive coin material collected for the first time. Dr. Duncan- builds up a picture of minting, financial policy and monetary circulation that adds substantially to our knowledge and that stands as the only study of its kind for this period.Rome’s conquests gave her access to the accumulated metal resources of most of the known world. An abundant gold and silver coinage circulated within her empire as a result. But coinage changes later suggest difficulty in maintaining metal supplies. By studying Roman coin-survivals in a wider context, Dr Duncan- uncovers important facts about the origin of coin hoards of the Principate. He constructs a new profile of minting, financial policy and monetary circulation, by analysing extensive coin evidence collected for the first time. His findings considerably advance our knowledge of crucial areas of the Roman economy.

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9,1 MB
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Richard Duncan-Jones - Money and Government in the Roman Empire (1994).pdf

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Dzino Danijel - Illyricum in Roman Politics, 229BC -AD68 (2010).jpg

Examines Roman military and political conquest of the Western Balkans (Illyricum) between 229 BC and c. AD 68 using written and archaeological sources. It shows the various political strategies that the Romans were using in dealing with the indigenous population of the region.

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1,8 MB
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Dzino Danijel - Illyricum in Roman Politics, 229BC -AD68 (2010).pdf

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Callie Williamson - The Laws of the Roman People, Public Law in the Expansion and Decline of the Rom an Republic (2005).jpg

Rome - Callie Williamson - The Laws of the Roman People, Public ... in the Expansion and Decline of the Roman Republic 2005.jpg

"This intellectually powerful and highly original book examines Roman expansion through the lens of public lawmaking, the process of negotiation and debate by which citizen assemblies resolved conflict and expressed consensus. Williamson incisively examines how problems of expansion were managed, and boldly argues that in the end it was expansion itself—both of the electorate and its leadership—that overwhelmed the problem-solving capacities of public lawmaking and led to the breakdown of the Republic." American Historical Association

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Callie Williamson - The Laws of the Roman People, Public Law in the Expansion and Decline of the Rom an Republic (2005).pdf

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Rachel Dickinson - Tools of the Ancient Romans, A Kid's Guide to the History & Science of Life in An cient Rome (2006).jpg

Rome - Rachel Dickinson - Tools of the Ancient Romans, A Kids G...ide to the History Science of Life in Ancient Rome 2006.jpg

Grade 5-8-Despite its narrowly focused title, this is actually a lively and entertaining survey of a millennium of Roman history. Dickinson gives due attention to architecture and engineering triumphs, to be sure, and includes full chapters on technology, the army, and forms of entertainment. But the larger part of the narrative conveys Rome's growth from city-state to regional power to multiethnic empire along with the shift from a fairly small independent people to a conquering but still republican government to, finally, imperial rule with only the appearance of representative government. The hands-on craft activities scattered throughout include making an abacus, a laurel wreath, a mosaic, and much more. Informative sidebars and illustrations are profuse and attractive. For the most part, Dickinson handles the simplification required for a book for younger readers with aplomb. However, history teachers may cringe to read that the Roman Catholic Church was established under Constantine or that the Pantheon was built by Augustus (rather than, quite famously, by Marcus Agrippa during the reign of Augustus). The snappy tone, mostly a great plus, also occasionally falls flat, as when Dickinson tells readers that the mystery religions are so called because we don't know much about them. Still, the book has a marvelous central narrative, direct, lean, and propulsive, with inviting coverage as well of the arts, daily life, and such popular topics as chariot races, gladiators, Pompeii, and even Spartacus. A worthy addition to any library where students are open to the past.

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20,9 MB
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Rachel Dickinson - Tools of the Ancient Romans, A Kid's Guide to the History & Science of Life in An cient Rome (2006).pdf

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191 KB
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Antony Kamm - The Romans, An Introduction (2008).jpg

"The Romans: An introduction" 2nd edition, is a concise, readable, and comprehensive survey of the civilization of ancient Rome. It covers more than 1200 years of political and military history, including many of the famous, and infamous, personalities who featured in them, and describes the religions, society, and daily life of the Romans, and their literature, art, architecture, and technology, illustrated by extracts in new translations from Latin and Greek authors of the times. This new edition contains extensive additional and revised material designed to enhance the value of the book to students especially of classical or Roman civilization, Roman history, or elementary Latin, as well as to general readers and students of other disciplines for whom an understanding of the civilization and literature of Rome is desirable.In particular, the chapter on religions has been expanded, as have the sections on the role of women and on Roman social divisions and cultural traditions. There is more, too, on the diversity and administration of the empire at different periods, on changes in the army, and on significant figures of the middle and later imperial eras. New features include a glossary of Latin terms and timelines. Maps have been redrawn and new ones included along with extra illustrations, and reading lists have been revised and updated. The book now has its own dedicated website, which is packed full of additional resources.

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6,0 MB
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Antony Kamm - The Romans, An Introduction (2008).pdf

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Eleanor Goltz Huzar - Mark Antony, A Biography (19 79).jpg

Eleanor Goltz Huzar's very insightful biography of Mark Antony described him as a great general who was also chivalrous but politically outwitted and trapped. Within hours of Caesar's murder, Mark Antony moved to grasp the reins of power. However, Mark Antony was politically caught off guard by Caesar's will. The will named Caesar's grandnephew Octavian his heir apparent. Mark Antony, who was twenty years Octavians' senior, decided that this eighteen-year-old boy would be a minor nuisance and would not pose much of a threat to the leadership of the Caesarean party. Mark Antony, who learned well from Caesar, realized that if he wanted to keep political control in Rome he needed the support of the army. Mark Antony moved quickly to buy 6,000 veterans as a bodyguard and a nucleus to build an army. In the meantime, Octavian was shrewdly making political moves of his own.
Huzar viewed Octavian as a young revolutionary full of ambition. Octavian courted leaders of the Caesarian party as well as the rich supporters of Caesar. Octavian also made good on Caesar's promise in his will to give every citizen a payment of 300 sesterces. Octavian did this by hocking all his processions since Mark Antony had kept Caesar's monetary inheritance from him. Within three months, Octavian effectively raised a bodyguard of his own from Caesar's veterans and brokered a compromise with the Senate to gain their support as well. Octavian also learned well from his education and from Caesar how to gain and maintain power. Thus, Mark Antony, like Pompey, severely underestimated his rival.
Octavian made the first overture to Mark Antony and Lepidus and offered to share power. The three men agreed, and in 42 BCE they formed Rome's Second Triumvirate. With their proscription on their political enemies of between 100 to 300 senators and possibly thousands of knights, the Triumvirate not only began a political revolution but a social revolution in Rome as well. This Triumvirate was to last for five years. They divided control of the Empire as well as sixty legions among themselves, with all three men possessing a portion of Italy. The triumvirs defeated the last vestiges of the Roman Republic in the battle of Phillipi.
With no common enemy, the triumvirs would start to turn on themselves. Mark Antony had just started his amorous affair with Cleopatra, the Queen of Egypt. She supported Mark Antony's ambitions to rule Rome, which would solidify her political ambitions for Egypt as well. Huzar called Mark Antony's marriage to Cleopatra a mere "ritual marriage" even though she gave birth to his twin children. Huzar claimed that, "there is no sign of infatuation here," and that their marriage "left no political consequences" and that "Mark Antony was compelled to stand by Cleopatra to the end by honour and by principle as well as by the necessities of war." When one considers Mark Antony's many years spent in Cleopatra's court, his actions in Egypt which led up to his defeat at the battle of Actium in 31 BCE, and his ultimate suicide...

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Eleanor Goltz Huzar - Mark Antony, A Biography (19 79).pdf

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John Michael O'Flynn - Generalissimos of the Weste rn Roman Empire (1983).jpg

John Micheal O'Flynn traces the development of the position of the generalissimo, or emperor's commander of the military forces, in the western part of the Roman Empire during the first century AD. From the arrogant barbarian Arbogast, who treated the youthful emperor Valentinian as his puppet, to Odovacar, who dismissed the last western emperor and was pronounced king of Italy in 476, the generalissimos' seizure of power led to dissolution and chaos from which would emerge the political patterns of medieval and modern Europe.

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11,8 MB
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John Michael O'Flynn - Generalissimos of the Weste rn Roman Empire (1983).pdf

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Richard Bauman - Women and Politics in Ancient Rom e (1994).jpg

A groundbreaking study of women's political involvement in the classical age, Women and Politics in Ancient Rome delineates not only the influential role of Roman women in business, government, law and public affairs, but also the emergence of women's political and liberationist movements in antiquity.
Richard Bauman's investigation spans the period from 350 B.C. to A.D. 68, from the Early Principate to the Middle and Late Republic, focusing on the steady expansion of women's roles in public affairs. Bauman's treatment is principally chronological, leading up to a discussion of the formidable careers of ladies in the Emperor's House. Women and Politics in Ancient Rome will be of interest to historians, lawyers, classicists, and researchers in women's studies.

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Richard Bauman - Women and Politics in Ancient Rom e (1994).pdf

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Ryan K. Balot - A Companion to Greek and Roman Pol itical Thought (2009).jpg

Beginning already in the Homeric poems and Hesiod, Greek and later Roman poets and philosophers reflected constantly on ideas about justice, government and the rule of law. This tradition reached its zenith in the great works of 4th century Athens, Plato's Republic and Aristotle's Politics, but also includes the historical works of Herodotus, Thucydides, and Tacitus; the political oratory of Demosthenes and Cicero; the essays of Plutarch and Seneca; and the theory implicit in the workings of the Athenian democracy, the Spartan state, the Roman republic and empire.

This Companion provides a broad overview of ancient political thought with both a normative and a historical focus. It helps students to understand the great works of ancient political philosophy on their own terms, while also identifying the contemporary conversations in which they are involved.

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Ryan K. Balot - A Companion to Greek and Roman Pol itical Thought (2009).pdf

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Gilbert Highet - The Classical Tradition, Greek an d Roman Influences on Western Literature (1985).jpg

This landmark book explores the ways in which the Greco-Roman tradition has shaped modern European and American literature.

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E. Mary Smallwood - The Jews Under Roman Rule from Pompey to Diocletian, From Pompey to Diocletian, A Study in Political Relations (1997).jpg

Rome - E. Mary Smallwood - The Jews Under Roman Rule from Pompe...ompey to Diocletian, A Study in Political Relations 1997.jpg

It is Remarkable that Judaism could develop given the domination by Rome in Palestine over the centuries. Smallwood traces Judaism's constantly shifting political, religious, and geographical boundaries under Roman rule from Pompey to Diocletian, that is, from the first century B.C.E. through the third century C.E. From a long-standing nationalistic tradition that was a tolerated sect under a pagan ruler, Judaism becomes, over time, a threat that needs to be reed and confined against a now -- Christian empire. This work examines the galvanizing forces that shaped and defined Judaism as we have come to know it.

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2,9 MB
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E. Mary Smallwood - The Jews Under Roman Rule from Pompey to Diocletian, From Pompey to Diocletian, A Study in Political Relations (1997).pdf

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Christopher Gill - Galen and the World of Knowledg e (2010).jpg

Galen is the most important medical writer in Graeco-Roman antiquity, and also extremely valuable for understanding Graeco-Roman thought and society in the second century AD. This volume of new essays locates him firmly in the intellectual life of his period, and thus aims to make better sense of the medical and philosophical 'world of knowledge' that he tries to create. How did Galen present himself as a reader and an author in comparison with other intellectuals of his day? Above all, how did he fashion himself as a medical practitioner, and how does that self-fashioning relate to the performance culture of second-century Rome? Did he see medicine as taking over some of the traditional roles of philosophy? These and other questions are freshly addressed by leading international experts on Galen and the intellectual life of the period, in a stimulating collection that combines learning with accessibility.

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2,4 MB
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Christopher Gill - Galen and the World of Knowledg e (2010).pdf

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Andrew Erskine - Roman Imperialism (2010).jpg

Andrew Erskine follows the course and character of Roman expansion during the Republic and Early Empire. He concentrates on the impact of Roman rule on the subject and the effect of empire on imperial power, topics that have long been controversial among modern scholars. Views on Roman imperialism have traditionally been informed by contemporary perceptions of international power relations& mdash;one reason students engage with the subject so readily

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