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	!! HISTORIA - książki, artykuły
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279 KB
13 gru 18 15:43

John S. Bowman, Maurice Isserman - Exploration in the World of the Ancients (2009).jpg

"Exploration in the World of the Ancients, Revised Edition" examines who the first explorers were and defines the geographic areas of Earth, showing when and how they were first populated by humans. Among Western historians, this period is considered to begin with the first writing systems, which would be about 3500 or 3000 BCE, and end about 500 CE. This book examines some of the earliest accounts of Egyptian and Mesopotamian explorations, as well as covering the Romans, Greeks, Phoenicians, and other ancient peoples. It concludes at the beginning of the Middle Ages, when much of Earth's lands and seas were 'known', but many civilizations remained unknown to one another. The coverage includes: The first watercraft; Herodotus's travels and his history of the world until his time; The lighthouse and library of Alexandria; Alexander the Great's accomplishments as a warrior and an explorer; and, China's and Japan's roles in exploration, including the spread of Buddhism.

About the Author
John S. Bowman received a B.A. in English literature from Harvard University and attended Trinity College, Cambridge University, and the University of Munich. Bowman has worked as an editor for more than 40 years and as a freelance writer for almost as long. He has edited 15 works on general history and another 20 on wars and military history, and is the editor of the America at War set from Facts On File and the Almanac of American History.

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7,3 MB
13 gru 18 15:43

John S. Bowman, Maurice Isserman - Exploration in the World of the Ancients (2009).pdf

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13 gru 18 15:43

Pamela White, John S. Bowman, Maurice Isserman - E xploration in the World of the Middle Ages, 500-15 00 (2009).jpg

All History1 - Pamela White, John S. Bowman, Maurice Isserman - Exp...ation in the World of the Middle Ages, 500-1500 2009.jpg

The Middle Ages, though marked by plague in Europe, was a time of increased investigation of the world. People from civilizations around the globe - from the Chinese in Asia to a curious Venetian named Marco Polo - sought to understand the world at large and discover its secrets. "Exploration in the World of the Middle Ages, 500-1500, Revised Edition" is an account of travels, expeditions, discoveries, and cross-cultural contacts in the span of 1,000 years throughout the world. This era encompassed periods of sophisticated civilization, learning, and outstanding achievement in many cultures around the world. Coverage of this title includes: the role played by three major religions - Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam - and these religions' pilgrims and missionaries who traveled throughout Asia, Europe, and the Middle East; the Vikings' advanced shipbuilding technology and how they sent exploratory, mercantile, and colonizing expeditions across the North Atlantic; Marco Polo's extensive travels and the wealth of geographical knowledge he gathered around China, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Indonesia, Japan, and the lands of the Indian Ocean; and, Portuguese expeditions to Africa and Asia supported by Prince Henry the Navigator Zheng He's monumental seventh voyage between 1431 and 1433 that included 100 ships and approximately 27,500 officers and crew.

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11,2 MB
13 gru 18 15:43

Pamela White, John S. Bowman, Maurice Isserman - E xploration in the World of the Middle Ages, 500-15 00 (2009).pdf

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13 gru 18 15:43

Martha Vail, Maurice Isserman, John S. Bowman - Ex ploring the Pacific (2009).jpg

Each ship that ventured into the Pacific around the Cape of Good Hope, through the Strait of Magellan, or around Cape Horn carried the hope and ambitions of its sponsoring nation. The Pacific, perhaps even more so than the Americas or Africa, became the playing board for the global game of imperial chess. By the 20th century, only the most remote and inhospitable islands were free from American, European, or South American colonial administration. "Exploring the Pacific, Revised Edition" explains how explores of the Pacific region expanded geographical knowledge and contributed to human understanding by generating maps, charts, paintings, and reports. The book covers such explorers as Bartolomeu Dias, Vasco Nunez de Balboa, Ferdinand Magellan, Alvaro de Mendana, and James Cook. Coverage of this book includes: early Pacific navigation; art of the Pacific peoples; the struggle between the Spanish and Portuguese to gain control of the spice trade; the South Seas Bubble; Captain James Cook's three voyages in the Pacific; and, the real Robinson Crusoe.

About the Author
Martha Vail holds an A. B. in history from Smith College and an M.A., M.Phil., and Ph.D., all in history, from Yale University. A former fellow with the University of Colorado's Center for Humanities and the Arts and with the Bass Writing Program, Vail has taught history at Yale University and Tulane University. She served as program officer for the National Faculty for four years, where she designed and implemented multi-year, content-based professional development programs for urban and rural social studies teachers in the Mississippi Delta and recruited and managed a corps of scholars to work with educators in the field. She is a member of the National Council on Public History, Organization of American Historians, and the National Trust for Historic Preservation.

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8,7 MB
13 gru 18 15:43

Martha Vail, Maurice Isserman, John S. Bowman - Ex ploring the Pacific (2009).pdf

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13 gru 18 15:43

Michael J. O'Brien, Stephen J. Shennan - Innovatio n in Cultural Systems, Contributions from Evolutio nary Anthropolog (2009).jpg

All History1 - Michael J. OBrien, Stephen J. Shennan - Innovation in...ms, Contributions from Evolutionary Anthropolog 2009.jpg

In recent years an interest in applying the principles of evolution to the study of culture emerged in the social sciences. Archaeologists and anthropologists reconsidered the role of innovation in particular, and have moved toward characterizing innovation in cultural systems not only as a product but also as an evolutionary process. This distinction was familiar to biology but new to the social sciences; cultural evolutionists from the nineteenth to the twentieth century had tended to see innovation as a preprogrammed change that occurred when a cultural group "needed" to overcome environmental problems. In this volume, leading researchers from a variety of disciplines—including anthropology, archaeology, evolutionary biology, philosophy, and psychology—offer their perspectives on cultural innovation. The book provides not only a range of views but also an integrated account, with the chapters offering an orderly progression of thought.

The contributors consider innovation in biological terms, discussing epistemology, animal studies, systematics and phylogeny, phenotypic plasticity and evolvability, and Evo Devo; they discuss modern insights into innovation, including simulation, the random-copying model, diffusion, and demographic analysis; and they offer case studies of innovation from archaeological and ethnographic records, examining developmental, behavioral, and social patterns.

Contributors: André Ariew, R. Alexander Bentley, Werner Callebaut, Joseph Henrich, Anne Kandler, Kevin N. Laland, Daniel O. Larson, Alex Mesoudi, Michael J. O’Brien, Craig T. Palmer, Adam Powell, Simon M. Reader, Valentine Roux, Chet Savage, Michael Brian Schiffer, Jeffrey H. Schwartz, Stephen J. Shennan, James Steele, Mark G. Thomas, Todd L. VanPool

Vienna Series in Theoretical Biology

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1,2 MB
13 gru 18 15:43

Michael J. O'Brien, Stephen J. Shennan - Innovatio n in Cultural Systems, Contributions from Evolutio nary Anthropolog (2009).pdf

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13 gru 18 15:43

Ann E. Killebrew - Biblical Peoples And Ethnicity, An Archaeological Study of Egyptians, Canaanites, Philistines, And Early Israel 1300-1100 B.C.E. (2 005).jpg

All History1 - Ann E. Killebrew - Biblical Peoples And Ethnicity, An... Philistines, And Early Israel 1300-1100 B.C.E. 2005.jpg

Ancient Israel did not emerge within a vacuum but rather came to exist alongside various peoples, including Canaanites, Egyptians, and Philistines. Indeed, Israel's very proximity to these groups has made it difficult - until now - to distinguish the archaeological traces of early Israel and other contemporary groups. Through an analysis of the results from recent excavations in light of relevant historical and later biblical texts, this book proposes that it is possible to identify these peoples and trace culturally or ethnically defined boundaries in the archaeological record. Features of late second-millennium B.C.E. culture are critically examined in their historical and biblical contexts in order to define the complex social boundaries of the early Iron Age and reconstruct the diverse material world of these four peoples. Of particular value to scholars, archaeologists, and historians, this volume will also be a standard reference and resource for students and other readers interested in the emergence of early Israel.

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13 gru 18 15:43

Ann E. Killebrew - Biblical Peoples And Ethnicity, An Archaeological Study of Egyptians, Canaanites, Philistines, And Early Israel 1300-1100 B.C.E. (2 005).pdf

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13 gru 18 15:43

Margaret Pawley - The Watch on the Rhine, The Mili tary Occupation of the Rhineland (2008).jpg

The Rhineland, scene of European conflict for generations, remained an intensely contentious area following the end of the hostilities of World War I. Under the Treaty of Versailles the Rhineland remained German but was to be occupied by Allied troops for fifteen years -- a controversial and uncomfortable situation which inevitably caused great friction between rival European powers. The Watch on the Rhine deals with this eventful period of German history and the actions of the Inter-Allied Rhineland High Commission, which was set up to administer the Allied Armies from its headquarters at Koblenz. Drawing on personal memories of her own years spent in the British zone and on the Annual Reports of the Commission, in which her father played a prominent part, Margaret Pawley provides a unique insider view of the work of the Commission up to its disbandment. She vividly evokes the atmosphere of growing resentment at the continuing occupation of German soil and the rise of Hitler that was to lead inexorably to his re-militarisation of the Rhineland in 1936. The Watch on the Rhine is the first book to examine fully the contributions of all four occupying forces and offers a compelling and comprehensive history of a critical phase of European history.

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13 gru 18 15:43

P. M. Michele Daviau, John William Wevers, Michael Weigl - The World of the Aramaeans I, Studies in History and Archaeology in Honour of Paul-Eugene D ion (2001).jpg

All History1 - P. M. Michele Daviau, John William Wevers, Michael We...y and Archaeology in Honour of Paul-Eugene Dion 2001.jpg

The World of the Aramaeans is a three-volume collection of definitive essays about the Aramaeans and the biblical world of which they were a part The World of the Aramaeans is a three-volume collection of definitive essays about the Aramaeans and the biblical world of which they were a part. Areas of interest include the language, epigraphy and history of the Aramaeans of Syria as well of their neighbours, the Israelites, Phoenicians, Ammonites, Moabites and Edomites. The second volume, devoted to history and archaeology, includes contributions by Brian Peckham, Wolfgang Rollig, Carl S. Ehrlich, Guy Couturier, Stafania Mazzoni, Timothy P. Harrison, Michael Heltzer, John S. Holladay Jr., Michele Daviau, Paolo Xella, Emile Puech, Piotr Bienkowski, Bezalel Porten and John Gee.

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13 gru 18 15:43

P. M. Michele Daviau, John William Wevers, Michael Weigl - The World of the Aramaeans I, Studies in History and Archaeology in Honour of Paul-Eugene D ion (2001).pdf

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13 gru 18 15:43

P. M. Michele Daviau, John William Wevers, Michael Weigl - The World of the Aramaeans II, Studies in History and Archaeology in Honour of Paul-Eugene Dion (2001).jpg

All History1 - P. M. Michele Daviau, John William Wevers, Michael W...y and Archaeology in Honour of Paul-Eugene Dion 2001.jpg

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17,5 MB
13 gru 18 15:43

P. M. Michele Daviau, John William Wevers, Michael Weigl - The World of the Aramaeans II, Studies in History and Archaeology in Honour of Paul-Eugene Dion (2001).pdf

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13 gru 18 15:43

P. M. Michele Daviau, John William Wevers, Michael Weigl - The World of the Aramaeans III, Studies i n Language and Literature in Honour of Paul-Eugene Dion (2001).jpg

All History1 - P. M. Michele Daviau, John William Wevers, Michael We...ge and Literature in Honour of Paul-Eugene Dion 2001.jpg

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15,8 MB
13 gru 18 15:43

P. M. Michele Daviau, John William Wevers, Michael Weigl - The World of the Aramaeans III, Studies i n Language and Literature in Honour of Paul-Eugene Dion (2001).pdf

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13 gru 18 15:43

Shihan de Silva Jayasuriya - The Portuguese in the East, A Cultural History of a Maritime Trading Em pire (2008).jpg

All History1 - Shihan de Silva Jayasuriya - The Portuguese in the E...A Cultural History of a Maritime Trading Empire 2008.jpg

Vasco da Gama’s voyage to India in the late 15th Century opened up new economic and cultural horizons for the Portuguese. At the height of Portugal’s maritime influence, it had created an oceanic state ranging from the Cape of Good Hope to China. While Portugal’s direct political influence in Asia was comparatively short-lived, its linguistic influence remains. Here Shihan de Silva Jayasuriya charts the influences of the Portuguese in more than fifty Asian tongues, illustrating the extent of Lusitanian links. Luso-Asian influence became engrained in eastern cultures in more subtle ways than other European empires which followed, such as the Portuguese oral traditions in folk literature, now embedded in postcolonial Asian music and song. These Portuguese cultural legacies are a lasting reminder of an unexpected outcome of seaborne commerce.

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10,5 MB
13 gru 18 15:43

Shihan de Silva Jayasuriya - The Portuguese in the East, A Cultural History of a Maritime Trading Em pire (2008).pdf

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13 gru 18 15:43

Huw Pryce - Acts of the Welsh Rulers, 1120-1283 (2 005).jpg

Documents issued by native rulers of Wales from Gruffudd ap Cynan in the early 12th century to the Edwardian conquest of 1282–83 that ended independent rule are collected in this comprehensive volume. Included are 444 surviving documents and references to almost 200 more, which are known from mentions in other sources. Full summaries in English are provided, as are notes on individual documents. This collection renders accessible a key body of source material for the study of medieval Wales during "the age of the princes"—an era of struggles for power by native rulers both among themselves and with Marcher lords and the English crown.

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10,7 MB
13 gru 18 15:43

Huw Pryce - Acts of the Welsh Rulers, 1120-1283 (2 005).pdf

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13 gru 18 15:43

Osprey - Essential Histories 68 - Gregory Fremont- Barnes - The Indian Mutiny 1857-58 (2007).jpg

In the mid-19th century India was the "jewel in the crown" of the British Empire and was protected by the largely native armies of the East India Company. In 1857 discontent exploded into open rebellion, obliging Britain to field its largest army since the Napoleonic Wars, forty years before.
Gregory Fremont Barnes examines the origins of British rule in India, the causes of the conflict, the rival forces and fighting itself, including the massacre of Cawnpore and the epic sieges of Delhi and Lucknow. He also reveals the intriguing truth behind the 'greased cartridge' controversy - the allegation that the introduction of gun cartridges covered in pig fat, an insult to both Hindu and Muslim religious sensibilities, was the catalyst for the conflict. However, once hostilities began the mutineers had no qualms about using the cartridges, thus throwing into question the long-held belief that the mutiny hinged principally on this issue. The discussion of the importance and enduring legacy of the Indian Mutiny makes this essential reading for anyone wanting to learn more about the power of empire.

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13 gru 18 15:43

Francis X. Hezel - The First Taint of Civilization , A History of the Caroline and Marshall Islands i n Pre-Colonial Days, 1521-1885 (1983).jpg

All History1 - Francis X. Hezel - The First Taint of Civilization, ...arshall Islands in Pre-Colonial Days, 1521-1885 1983.jpg

We are quite fortunate to have Francis X. Hezel's The First Taint of Civilization as the first volume in the new Pacific Islands Monograph Series. Of all the world's culture areas, Micronesia has been one of the most extensively studied by anthropologists. At the same time and with the exception of Guam, these tiny islands have been almost entirely neglected by historians. Indeed, in an editorial in the second volume of The Journal of Pacific History, H. E. Maude was moved to write that Micronesia's "varied and often exciting history has been ignored as if by some tacit agreement . One wonders that American historians have apparently no contribution to make to the historical study of an American Trust Territory.

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12,3 MB
13 gru 18 15:43

Francis X. Hezel - The First Taint of Civilization , A History of the Caroline and Marshall Islands i n Pre-Colonial Days, 1521-1885 (1983).chm

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13 gru 18 15:43

Osprey - Essential Histories 65 - Peter Cottrell - The Anglo-Irish War, The Troubles of 1913-1922 (2 002).jpg

All History1 - Osprey - Essential Histories 65 - Peter Cottrell - Th... The Anglo-Irish War, The Troubles of 1913-1922 2002.jpg

This unique series studies every major war in history looking at all the aspects of war, from how it felt to be a soldier to the lasting impact of the conflict on the world around it. The Anglo-Irish War has often been referred to as the war 'the English have struggled to forget and the Irish cannot help but remember'. Before 1919, the issue of Irish Home Rule lurked beneath the surface of Anglo-Irish relations for many years, but after the Great War, tensions rose up and boiled over. Irish Nationalists in the shape of Sinn Féin and the IRA took political power in 1919 with a manifesto to claim Ireland back from an English 'foreign' government by whatever means necessary. This book explores the conflict and the years that preceded it, examining such historic events as the Easter Rising and the infamous Bloody Sunday.

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Osprey - Men-at-Arms 02 - Peter Youmg - The Arab L egion (1972).jpg

This book examines the uniforms, equipment, history and organisation of the Arab Legion. Air, Sea, Police and National Guard forces are all covered. Uniforms are shown in full illustrated detail.

In 1921, Lieutenant-Colonel Frederick Gerald Peake formed the Arab Legion as a police force in the former British protectorate of Transjordan. The Legion's main roles were to keep order among Transjordian tribes and safeguard the villagers from Bedouins. In subsequent years, under the leadership of Glubb Pasha, the Arab Legion was transformed into the best-trained of all Arab armies. This richly illustrated book examines the history of the Arab Legion, detailing the infantry, supporting arms and services, and air, sea, police and national guard forces. It also profiles leaders, like Pasha, who were influential in the evolution of this force.

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Osprey - Men-at-Arms 14 - Peter Young - The Englis h Civil War Armies (1995).jpg

The year 1642 witnessed the outbreak of the first English Civil War, which saw Royalist troops loyal to King Charles fight the Parliamentarians in several major battles and many sieges. Peter Young explores the tactics, equipment and organisation of the armies of both sides, drawing a compelling picture of what it must have been like for the men who lived and fought in England over 350 years ago. Chapters on fighting, cavalry, infantry, artillery and discipline examine the subject in depth, with many contemporary accounts, such as those of Royalist Captain, Richard Atkyns, who served in one of the most 'active' regiments of the war.

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Osprey - Men-at-Arms 41 - J. B. R. Nicholson - Th e Gurkha Rifles (1974).jpg

The Gurkhas have a long and distinguished service record. This book examines the uniforms, equipment, history and organisation of the Gurkha rifles. It traces the 19th origins of the now famous Gurkha regiments and also covers their service history during the Great Mutiny and the 3rd Afghan War. During the two World Wars the Gurhah rifles performed countless tours of duty and their regimental battle honours listed in the book bear testimony to their extensive service. A series of full colour illustrations accompany the text.

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Nancy Jenkins - The Boat Beneath the Pyramid, King Cheops' Royal Ship (1980).jpg

“More than a quarter of a century ago a young Egyptian archaeologist, clearing a site just south of the Great Pyramid at Giza, broke through a massive slab of limestone to reveal a vault beneath his feet. For the first time in 4,500 years the sun’s rays were shining down on the timbers of a great papyriform ship, built for a king and then dismantled and buried here at the height of the Egyptian Old Kingdom. Astonishingly well preserved, it was by far the most ancient vessel ever to come to light.

Nancy Jenkins is the first to tell the full story of this Royal Ship — its discovery, excavation and reconstruction. She tells also who built it and why, how it has survived intact for so long, and what connection it may have had with the age-old Egyptian myth of the Sun-god, eternally journeying cross the heavens in his Reed Float. But this is also a story of modern Egypt and of one man in particular, Ahmed Youssef Moustafa, Chief Restorer of the Department of Antiquities, who almost single-handedly put back together the 1,223 pieces of .the ship. Working with a giant jigsaw puzzle—though a puzzle without a picture on the box—Ahmed Youssef devoted fourteen years to the immense task of reconstruction.

The triumphant result is not only an aesthetic masterpiece to rival the Great Pyramid but also a vital source of information about the design and construction of ancient ships and a tribute to one of the greatest periods in the history of civilization.”

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