MFGZubr

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Mężczyzna Michał

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MFGZubr

	Byzantium
	Carthage - Phoenicia (Kartagina - Fenicja)
	Crusaders (Krzyżowcy)
	Crusaders (Krzyżowcy)(1)
	Crusaders (Krzyżowcy)(2)
	Dokumenty
	Galeria
	Germans
	Gothes (Goci - Z Gotlandii poprzez teren dzisiejszej Polski wędrowali na nadczarnomorski step)
	Greckie miasta-kolonie handlowe na wybrzeżu Morza Czarnego
	Greece - Sparta
	Greece (Grecja)
	Hittites (Hetyci - Pierwsza indo-europejska cywilizacja, Centralna Anatolia)
	Huns ( Hunowie po 375 AD zniszczyli potężne państwo Sarmatia )
	Hurrians ( Huryci z królestw Mitanni i Urartu - Przodkowie Czeczenów)
	Kultura Przeworska - Lugiowie plemię Swebów - przodkowie Wandałow i Burgundów, między Wisłą i Odrą
	Polska prehistoryczna i średniowieczna
	Polska przedwojenna
	Prusy
	Prywatne
	Roman Army - Rzymska Armia
	Rome
	Russia
	Samuraje
	Spanish Civil War-Guerra Civil Espanola 1936-1939
	Thraco-Phrygian - (Grupa Tracko-Frygijska - Indo-europejczycy z obu stron cieśniny Bosforu)
	Troy
	Visigoths (Wizygoci - razem z Alanami stworzyli na Połwyspie Iberyjskim swoje państwo)
	Wikingowie-Warego wie-Normanowie
	World War II
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Ostatnio pobierane pliki

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Fergus Millar - Rome the Greek World and the East Gove....pdf

Liza Cleland, Glenys Davies, Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones - G....pdf

Wilfried Nippel - Public Order in Ancient Rome (1995).pdf

Fergus Millar, Guy M. Rogers, Hannah M. Cotton - Rome,....pdf

Ryan K. Balot - A Companion to Greek and Roman Politic....pdf

The Modern Scholar - Timothy B. Shutt - A History Of A....pdf

Lurier, H.E - Crusaders as conquerors, the Chronicle ....pdf

Greece (Grecja)

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13,9 MB
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Edgar John Forsdyke - Greece before Homer, ancient chronology and mythology (1957).pdf

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Nigel Spivey - Understanding Greek Sculpture, Anci ent Meanings, Modern Readings (1997).jpg

Many pieces of Greek sculpture are very familiar to us - the Discobolus, the Venus de Milo and the Parthenon frieze, for instance - but our appreciation of them as "works of art," enshrined in museums, is far removed from the ways in which the ancient Greeks saw and perceived them. To comprehend why Greek sculpture looks as it does we have to recreate the conditions of its production and consider those who commissioned, used and viewed it as much as the sculptors whom we traditionally associate with its creation. In a stimulating new approach to the subject, Understanding Greek Sculpture re-examines the contexts in which Classical statuary was made and displayed. In its original intended setting, Greek sculpture not only looked quite different - massed together or elevated on pediments and friezes, and brightly painted - but it also served social, religious and political purposes that might surprise us. Drawing on literary, historical and archaeological evidence, Nigel Spivey explains the techniques of the manufacture of Greek sculpture and traces its production from the eighth century BC to the Hellenistic period. In an eloquent text illustrated throughout with diverse examples, he explores the effects on sculpture of the demands of votive religion, the culture of heroes and the faith in deities in human form. He also looks at the causes of the "Greek Revolution" when sculptors discovered how to portray the human body naturalistically.

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Nigel Spivey - Understanding Greek Sculpture, Anci ent Meanings, Modern Readings (1997).pdf

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Indra McEwen - Socrates' Ancestor, An Essay on Arc hitectural Beginnings (2003).jpg

Socrates' Ancestor is a rich and poetic exploration of architectural beginnings and the dawn of Western philosophy in preclassical Greece. Architecture precedes philosophy, McEwen argues, and it was here, in the archaic Greek polis, that Western architecture became the cradle of Western thought. McEwen's appreciation of the early Greek understanding of the indissolubility of craft and community yields new insight into such issues as orthogonal planning and the appearance of the encompassing colonnade - the ptera or "wings" - that made Greek temples Greek. Who was Socrates' ancestor? Socrates claims it was Daedalus, the mythical first architect. Socrates' ancestors were also the first Western philosophers: the pre-Socratic thinkers of archaic Greece where the Greek city-state with its monumental temples first came to light. McEwen brilliantly draws out the connections between Daedalus and the earliest Greek thinkers, between architecture and the advent of speculative thought. She argues that Greek thought and Greek architecture share a common ground in the amazing fabrications of the legendary Daedalus: statues so animated with divine life that they had to be bound in chains, the Labyrinth where Theseus slew the Minotaur, Ariadne's dancing floor in Knossos. Socrates' Ancestor is an exploration as remarkable for its clarity as for its avoidance of reductionism. Drawing as much on the power of myth and metaphor as on philosophical, philological, and historical considerations, McEwen first reaches backward: from Socrates to the earliest written record of Western philosophy in the Anaximander B1 fragment, and its physical expression in Anaximander's built work - a "cosmic model" that consisted of a celestial sphere, a map of the world, and the first Greek sun clock. From daedalean artifacts she draws out the centrality of early Greek craftsmanship and its role in the making of the Greek city-state. The investigation then moves forward to a discussion of the polis and the first great peripteral temples that anchored for the meaning of "city." Indra Kagis McEwen teaches architecture at the National Theatre School of Canada and at l'Université du Québec à Montréal.

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Indra McEwen - Socrates' Ancestor, An Essay on Arc hitectural Beginnings (2003).pdf

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Dora P. Crouch - Water Management in Ancient Greek Cities (1993).jpg

Focusing on the Mediterranean area where water management is crucial, this pioneering study is the first to show how the supply, distribution, and drainage of water contributed to the urbanization of ancient cities. Drawing from classical archaeology, the theory and history of urbanization, geology, and hydraulic engineering, Crouch examines water-system elements, including springs, fountains, wells, channels and drains, latrines, laundry, and dishwashing, as they relate to each other and to the physical, historical, and social bases of ancient Greek cities. Studying numerous sites including Pompeii, Pergamon, Athens, Samos, Delphi, and Corinth, she concludes that increased knowledge and skill in management of water contributed directly to the urbanization of the ancient Greek world.

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Dora P. Crouch - Water Management in Ancient Greek Cities (1993).pdf

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Helaine Smith - Masterpieces of Classic Greek Dram a (2005).jpg

Aeschylus' Oresteia, Sophocles' Oedipus plays, Euripides' Medea and Bacchae, and Aristophanes' Birds and Lysistrata are discussed in this lively and scholarly volume. The author's experience teaching these plays to gifted high school students makes this volume particularly useful. The drama festivals, the adaptations of myth, the relevance of Aristotelian criteria, and the political and cultural background of each play are described fully, and the nature of tragedy and comedy, plot construction, stagecraft, theme, character, imagery and individual odes and speeches are analyzed in depth.

The 5th century BC witnessed the flourishing of Athenian culture and was one of the most influential periods in history. The achievements of the Greeks at that time forever shaped our political and legal institutions and provided the foundation for Western civilization. At the same time, the world of the Greeks is distant and exotic to contemporary students. The values and beliefs of the Greeks are best represented in the plays that were crafted at that time, and these works continue to be widely read and studied. This book is a valuable introduction to ancient Greek drama.

Designed for high school students, undergraduates, and their teachers, this work describes the origins and physical aspects of ancient Greek theatre, discusses Aristotle's Poetics, and analyzes, in ten separate chapters, ten frequently studied Greek plays: Aeschylus' Oresteia, Sophocles' Antigone, Oedipus Rex and Oedipus at Colonus, Euripides' Medea and Bacchae and Aristophanes' Birds and Lysistrata. For each there is cultural, political and mythological background, plot synopsis, and analysis of overall structure and important scenes, speeches and odes. The Aristophanes chapters explore comic method and all chapters discuss theme and stagecraft in depth.

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Helaine Smith - Masterpieces of Classic Greek Dram a (2005).pdf

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Christos C. Evangeliou - Hellenic Philosophy, Orig in And Character (2006).jpg

Tracing the historical origin and the critical development of Hellenic philosophy from vague and indeterminate beginnings to its classical maturity and fruition in the minds, words and works of the Athenian philosophers, Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, this book argues that dignified nobility, respectful critique and unfettered freedom of thought and expression clearly defined the character of Classical Hellenic philosophy and that this distinguishes it from philosophies of different eras. Evangeliou examines the historical influence of Hellenic philosophy and its complex global relations to other non-Hellenic philosophies of Africa, Asia and Europe and also considers how contemporary and politically sensitive issues relate to the nature of Western culture and European philosophy. Radical and revisionary in nature, this work challenges many of the long cherished myths about the influence of Classical Hellenic philosophy on the tradition of Western thought.

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Susan Lape - Race and Citizen Identity in the Clas sical Athenian Democracy (2010).jpg

In Race and Citizen Identity in the Classical Athenian Democracy, Susan Lape demonstrates how a race ideology grounded citizen identity. Although this ideology did not manifest itself in a fully developed race myth, its study offers insight into the causes and conditions that can give rise to race and racisms in both modern and pre-modern cultures. In the Athenian context, racial citizenship emerged because it both defined and justified those who were entitled to share in the political, symbolic, and socioeconomic goods of Athenian citizenship. By investigating Athenian law, drama, and citizenship practices, this study shows how citizen identity worked in practice to consolidate national unity and to account for past Athenian achievements. It also considers how Athenian identity narratives fueled Herodotus' and Thucydides' understanding of history and causation.

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Jan N. Bremmer, Andrew Erskine - The Gods of Ancie nt Greece, Identities and Transformations (2010).jpg

Greek mythology still grabs the modern consciousness. Apollo and Dionysos, Artemis and Aphrodite, Zeus and Hermes& mdash;but what exactly did these divinities stand for? A team of international scholars offer fresh insight into the making and meaning of Greek mythology. They recount the stories and significance of individual gods and ask to what extent cult, myth, and literary genre determine the nature of divinity. How do Greek gods function within a polytheistic pantheon, and what is their connection to the heroes of their myths? What is the influence of philosophy and in what way do the gods of late antiquity differ from those of classical Greece? This volume presents a synchronic and diachronic view of these characters in the decades before Christianity.

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Brian M. Lavelle - Fame, Money, and Power, The Ris e of Peisistratos and ''Democratic'' Tyranny at At hens (2005).jpg

Greece Grecja - Brian M. Lavelle - Fame, Money, and Power, The Rise ...f Peisistratos and Democratic Tyranny at Athens 2005.jpg

The Athenian "golden age" occurred in the fifth century B.C.E. and was attributed to their great achievements in art, literature, science, and philosophy. However, the most important achievement of the time was the political movement from tyranny to democracy. Though tyranny is thought to be democracy's opposite and deadly enemy, that is not always the case. In Fame, Money, and Power, Brian Lavelle states that the perceived polarity between tyranny and democracy does not reflect the truth in this instance.

The career of the tyrant Peisistratos resembles the careers and successes of early democratic soldier-politicians. As with any democratic political system, Peisistratos' governance depended upon the willingness of the Athenians who conceded governance to him. This book attempts to show how the rise of Peisistratos fits into an essentially democratic system already entrenched at Athens in the earlier sixth century B.C.E.

Emerging from the apparent backwater of eastern Attika, Peisistratos led the Athenians to victory over their neighbors, the Megarians, in a long, drawn out war. That victory earned him great popularity from the Athenians and propelled him along the road to monarchy. Yet, political success at Athens, even as Solon implies in his poems, depended upon the enrichment of the Athenian d?mos, not just fame and popularity. Peisistratos tried and failed two times to "root" his tyranny, his failures owing to a lack of sufficient money with which to appease the demos. Exiled from Athens, he spent the next ten years amassing money to enrich the Athenians and power to overcome his enemies. He then sustained his rule by grasping the realities of Athenian politics. Peisistratos' tyrannies were partnerships with the d?mos, the first two of which failed. His final formula for success, securing more money than his opponents possessed and then more resources for enriching the d?mos, provided the model for future democratic politicians of Athens who wanted to obtain and keep power in fifth-century Athens.

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Brian M. Lavelle - Fame, Money, and Power, The Ris e of Peisistratos and ''Democratic'' Tyranny at At hens (2005).pdf

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D.V. Grammenos - The Archaeological Museum of Thes saloniki (2004).jpg

This edition includes photographs of the archaeological exhibits of the Archaeological Museum of Thessaloniki, as well as photographs of archaeological sites and monuments that are overseen by the 16th Ephorate of Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities of the Hellenic Ministry of Culture. The Hellenic Ministry of Culture has the copyright in these photographs and in the antiquities that constitute their subject and the Archaeological Receipts Fund receives the royalties from their publication.

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D.V. Grammenos - The Archaeological Museum of Thes saloniki (2004).pdf

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Michael Norris - Greek Art, From Prehistoric to Cl assical (2000).jpg

This publication was designed not only to introduce the Museum's collection of Greek art to teachers and their students, but also to provide them with a general grounding in ancient Greek culture, from the prehistoric period to the end of the Classical age. Its range of resources gives educators great flexibility in engaging students of any age with the art of ancient Greece. Included are a brief history of Athens from the 6th to the 4th century B.C.; a look at key aspects of 5th-century Greek life (including myths and religion, philosophy and science, music, poetry, sports, the symposium, and warfare); discussions of Greek art, artists, materials, and the influence of Greek subjects in the art of other eras; suggested activities and lesson plans; a map of the ancient Greek world; a timeline; and a bibliography.

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Michael Norris - Greek Art, From Prehistoric to Cl assical (2000).pdf

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Mogens Herman Hansen - The Shotgun Method, The Dem ography of the Ancient Greek City-state Culture (2 006).jpg

Greece Grecja - Mogens Herman Hansen - The Shotgun Method, The Demog...graphy of the Ancient Greek City-state Culture 2006.jpg

Although the polis, or city-state, defined the essence of Classical Greek civilization, evidence of its most basic characteristics is woefully inadequate. Now, in a work of cutting-edge research, Mogens Herman Hansen develops a novel method for estimating the overall size and local distribution of the Greek population throughout the ancient world - in both the Greek homeland and its colonies - and explains his reconstruction step by step. Reflecting the innovative work of the Copenhagen Polis Centre in its 2004 inventory of Archaic and Classical Greek city-states, Hansen's book makes it possible for the first time to assess the total population of the ancient Greek world. For 232 out of circa 1,000 city-states, the size of the urban center can be estimated, and for 636 city-states, we have an idea about the size of the territory. Employing a "shotgun method", Hansen derives approximate population figures and argues that, in the age of Alexander the Great, the population of all the Greek city-states must have totaled some 8-10 million people. His new estimates take into account not only males of military age but also elder sons and wives residing with parents, widows or divorced women who returned to a family home, unmarried daughters, elderly parents, and slaves. In addressing often-conflicting views on estimating populations, their distribution in various regions, and their settlement patterns within individual states, Hansen particularly challenges the long-standing opinion that the majority of ancient Greeks lived a rural life outside of poleis, and he calls for a reconsideration of long-held assumptions about the prevalence of a subsistence economy with little long-distance trade.

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Mogens Herman Hansen - The Shotgun Method, The Dem ography of the Ancient Greek City-state Culture (2 006).pdf

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Werner Jaeger - Paideia, The Ideals of Greek Cultu re, Volume III, The Conflict of Cultural Ideals in the Age of Plato (1947).jpg

Greece Grecja - Werner Jaeger - Paideia, The Ideals of Greek Culture...onflict of Cultural Ideals in the Age of Plato 1947.jpg

Paideia, the shaping of Greek character through a union of civilization, tradition, literature, and philosophy is the basis for Jaeger's evaluation of Hellenic culture. Volume I describes the foundation, growth, and crisis of Greek culture during the archaic and classical epochs, ending with the collapse of the Athenian empire. The second and third volumes of the work deal with the intellectual history of ancient Greece in the Age of Plato, the 4th century B.C.--the age in which Greece lost everything that is valued in this world--state, power, liberty--but still clung to the concept of paideia. As its last great poet, Menander summarized the primary role of this ideal in Greek culture when he said: "The possession which no one can take away from man is paideia.

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Werner Jaeger - Paideia, The Ideals of Greek Cultu re, Volume III, The Conflict of Cultural Ideals in the Age of Plato (1947).pdf

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Francois Chamoux - Hellenistic Civilisation (1981).jpg

Spanning the period from Alexander the Great's accession to the throne in 336 bc to the defeat by Octavius of Antony and Cleopatra in 31 bc, this vivid narrative explores the innovative civilization of the Hellenistic world. It provides an authoritative overview of the often violent political history of the period, analyzes the institutions, political and cultural, of Hellenistic kingdoms, leagues, and cities, and examines the interaction between Greek settlers and native peoples.

The author presents Hellenistic civilization as pluralistic, diverse, and vibrant. In particular, he looks at the ways in which Greek ideas and cultural forms were received in different contexts and how the Greek language, along with Greek political thought, lifestyles, religion, art, and architecture, spread and were adapted throughout the Mediterranean basin. He shows how, when the Hellenistic world became subject to Rome, its culture left a lasting imprint on the way of life and thought of its conquerors. A unique feature of the book is its emphasis on epigraphic texts.

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Francois Chamoux - Hellenistic Civilisation (1981).pdf

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Ryan K. Balot - A Companion to Greek and Roman Pol itical Thought (2009).jpg

Beginning already in the Homeric poems and Hesiod, Greek and later Roman poets and philosophers reflected constantly on ideas about justice, government and the rule of law. This tradition reached its zenith in the great works of 4th century Athens, Plato's Republic and Aristotle's Politics, but also includes the historical works of Herodotus, Thucydides, and Tacitus; the political oratory of Demosthenes and Cicero; the essays of Plutarch and Seneca; and the theory implicit in the workings of the Athenian democracy, the Spartan state, the Roman republic and empire.

This Companion provides a broad overview of ancient political thought with both a normative and a historical focus. It helps students to understand the great works of ancient political philosophy on their own terms, while also identifying the contemporary conversations in which they are involved.

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Ryan K. Balot - A Companion to Greek and Roman Pol itical Thought (2009).pdf

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Bloom's Period Studies - Harold Bloom - Greek Dram a (2004).jpg

Four new titles in the series of comprehensive critical overviews of major literary movements in Western literary history The art of drama developed in the ancient Greek city-state of Athens from the late sixth century B.C. From religious chants honouring the gods and Greece's mythical past grew an entirely new art form.

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Bloom's Period Studies - Harold Bloom - Greek Dram a (2004).pdf

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Brian Madigan - Corinthian and Attic Vases in the Detroit Institute of Arts, Geometric, Black-figure , and Red-figure (2007).jpg

Greece Grecja - Brian Madigan - Corinthian and Attic Vases in the De...f Arts, Geometric, Black-figure, and Red-figure 2007.jpg

The collection of Greek vases in the Detroit Institute of Arts has been compiled over the course of the twentieth century to reflect the range of painting styles and shapes which characterize the period from the eighth through fourth centuries B.C. This catalogue is the first publication of that collection, comprising those vases from Corinth and Athens with painted decoration. The physical and painted characteristics of each vase are recorded, with an attribution to a painter or group, and a date. The relationship of the painted decoration to other Greek painted vases, religious, or social institutions is discussed. The catalogue will be of interest to specialists in Greek vase painting, and those interested in Greek art and its modern collecting.

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