tsi 213. Omdurman, Ladysmith and Mafeking.mp3

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Victoria has reigned longer than any other monarch and celebrations are afoot. Anna Massey continues the history of Britain.

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this sceptered isle1 Land of the Druids.mp3

The story begins in 55BC with the Pro-Consul of Gaul, one Gaius Julius Caesar.

this sceptered isle 2 The Invasion.mp3

Caesar invades, but doesn't have things all his own way. BOUDICCA Queen of the Iceni after the death of her husband Prasutagas Romans raped her daughters and it was then, in AD 61, that Boudicca led her people against the Romans annihilating the populations of Colchester, St Albans and London The Governor of Britain, was Paulinus who was fighting in another part of the country. His legions returned to the south east. Although not all of them arrived in time, it was Paulinus who defeated Boudicca and her charioteers and foot soldiers did you know? The first Christian church was built in England in 166 AD at Glastonbury 55BC Julius Caesar 43AD Conquest begins 410 Romans leave 450 St Patrick 477 Saxons land in Sussex 494 Jutes in Kent c.518 King Arthur 550 St David 563 St Columba 597 St Augustine 715 Beowulf 731 Venerable Bede 760 The Book of Kells 783 Offa's Dyke IMPORTANT ROMAN TOWNS • Chester • St Albans • Colchester • Bath • Chichester • London • York

this sceptered isle 3 Caratacus - the First Sung Hero.mp3

Claudius is now top man in Rome, and after 100 years another invasion of Britain is on the way. 55BC Julius Caesar 43AD Conquest begins 410 Romans leave 450 St Patrick 477 Saxons land in Sussex 494 Jutes in Kent c.518 King Arthur 550 St David 563 St Columba 597 St Augustine 715 Beowulf 731 Venerable Bede 760 The Book of Kells 783 Offa's Dyke

this sceptered isle 5 Life in Roman Britain.mp3

Roman rule equals civilisation or enslavement? And then along come the Picts, the Scots and the Saxons to cause trouble. 55BC Julius Caesar 43AD Conquest begins 410 Romans leave 450 St Patrick 477 Saxons land in Sussex 494 Jutes in Kent c.518 King Arthur 550 St David 563 St Columba 597 St Augustine 715 Beowulf 731 Venerable Bede 760 The Book of Kells 783 Offa's Dyke

this sceptered isle 6 The Crumbling Legacy.mp3

The Romans have left, meaning the enemy is now the Barbarians 55BC Julius Caesar 43AD Conquest begins 410 Romans leave 450 St Patrick 477 Saxons land in Sussex 494 Jutes in Kent c.518 King Arthur 550 St David 563 St Columba 597 St Augustine 715 Beowulf 731 Venerable Bede 760 The Book of Kells 783 Offa's Dyke IMPORTANT ROMAN TOWNS • Chester • St Albans • Colchester • Bath • Chichester • London • York

this sceptered isle 7 Camelot.mp3

Anna Massey takes us back to the Dark Ages to examine whether there is any truth behind the legend of King Arthur. Camelot is a castle and court associated with the legendary King Arthur. Absent in the early Arthurian material, Camelot first appeared in 12th-century French romances and eventually came to be described as the fantastic capital of Arthur's realm and a symbol of the Arthurian world. The stories locate it somewhere in Britain and sometimes associate it with real cities, though more usually its precise location is not revealed. Most scholars regard it as being entirely fictional, its geography being perfect for romance writers; Arthurian scholar Norris J. Lacy commented that "Camelot, located no where in particular, can be anywhere".[1] Nevertheless arguments about the location of the "real Camelot" have occurred since the 15th century and continue to rage today in popular works and for tourism purposes.

this sceptered isle 8 Who Are the English.mp3

Anna Massey narrates the history of Britain, revealing how the invading Angles, Saxons and Jutes became the English. The Benedictine monk Bede, writing in the early 8th century, identified the English as the descendants of three Germanic tribes:[4] the Angles, who may have come from Angeln (in modern Germany): Bede wrote that their whole nation came to Britain,[5] leaving their former land empty. The name England (Old English: Engla land or Ængla land) originates from this tribe;[6] the Saxons, from Lower Saxony (in modern Germany; German: Niedersachsen) and the Low Countries; the Jutes, possibly from the Jutland peninsula (in modern Denmark; Danish: Jylland). Their language, Old English, which derived from Ingvaeonic West Germanic dialects, transformed into Middle English from the 11th century. Old English was divided into four main dialects: West Saxon, Mercian, Northumbrian and Kentish. 55BC Julius Caesar 43AD Conquest begins 410 Romans leave 450 St Patrick 477 Saxons land in Sussex 494 Jutes in Kent c.518 King Arthur 550 St David 563 St Columba 597 St Augustine 715 Beowulf 731 Venerable Bede 760 The Book of Kells 783 Offa's Dyke

this sceptered isle 9 The Arrogant Saint.mp3

Augustine is sent over from Rome to preach the word of God. The Arrival in Kent of the missionaries sent By Gregory the Great (597) In the year of our Lord 582, Maurice, the fifty-fourth emperor from Augustus, ascended the throne and reigned twenty-one years. In the tenth year of his reign, Gregory, a man renowned for learning and behavior, was promoted to the apostolic see of Rome,' and presided over it thirteen years, six months, and ten days. He, being moved by divine inspiration, about the one hundred and fiftieth year after the coming of the English into Britain, sent the servant of God, Augustine, and with him several other monks who feared the Lord, to preach the word of God to the English nation. . . .

this sceptered isle 11 Ethelbald and His Woman; Offa a....mp3

War was a cruel way of life from 731 to 829AD, under two Mercia Kings Ethelbald and Offa. Both reigned for 40 years. Æthelbald (also spelled Ethelbald, or Aethelbald)[1] (died 757) was the King of Mercia, in what is now the English Midlands, from 716 until 757. During his long reign, Mercia became the dominant kingdom of the Anglo-Saxons, and recovered the position of pre-eminence it had enjoyed during the seventh century under the strong Mercian kings Penda and Wulfhere. Mercian domination of England continued until the end of the eighth century; Offa, the grandson of Æthelbald's cousin Eanwulf, ruled for an additional thirty-nine years, starting shortly after Æthelbald's murder. Æthelbald came to the throne on the death of his cousin, King Ceolred. Both Wessex and Kent were ruled by strong kings at that time, but within fifteen years the contemporary chronicler Bede describes Æthelbald as ruling all England south of the river Humber. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle does not list Æthelbald as a bretwalda, or "Ruler of Britain", though this may be due to the West Saxon origin of the Chronicle. St Boniface wrote to Æthelbald in about 745, reproving him for various dissolute and irreligious acts. The subsequent 747 council of Clovesho, and a charter Æthelbald issued at Gumley in 749—which freed the church from some of its obligations—may have been responses to Boniface's letter. Æthelbald was killed in 757 by his bodyguards. He was succeeded briefly by Beornrad, of whom little is known, but within a year Offa had seized the throne.

this sceptered isle 12 The Vikings.mp3

Having landed in the north of England, the Vikings fought a harsh battle near Lindisfarne. ``On the seventh of the ides of June, they reached the church of Lindisfarne, and there they miserably ravaged and pillaged everything; they trod the holy things under their polluted feet, they dug down the altars, and plundered all the treasures of the church. Some of the brethren they slew, some they carried off with them in chains, the greater number they stripped naked, insulted, and cast out of doors, and some they drowned in the sea.``

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