tsi 206. The First Boer War.mp3

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tsi 92. Judge Jeffries.mp3

The Monmouth rebellion had failed. He and some of his followers were executed. In 1685 Judge Jeffreys prosecuted the captors of the failed Monmouth Rebellion. Monmouth and 200 of his men were executed and another 800 were sent to Barbados as slaves. James II repealed the Test Act and the Habeas Corpus Act. Robert Spencer, Earl of Sutherland became Lord President in place of Halifax and henceforward was James's Chief Minister. James set out to create a strong standing army, he claimed the militia was useless. He made it clear he would retain his Catholic officers. Parliament rebelled. James II dissolved Parliament. The Anglican Church, led by Henry Compton, opposed James's policies. Sermons, pamphlets and slim books appeared opposing Catholicism. James continued to replace Church and Statesmen with Catholics. Whig and Tory differences were forgotten in united opposition of James II.

tsi 91. James II and the Monmouth Rebellion.mp3

England has a new monarch and the English are now drinking tea. James II came to the throne in 1685. He immediately tried to convert the country back to Catholicism, James believed the way to achieve this lay with the army. He put down the great rebellion led by James, Duke of Monmouth, a Protestant, who claimed a right to the throne as Charles II's bastard son. James thus started his reign from a position of strength. James sent his Chief Justice, Judge Jeffreys to deal with the prisoners in the West Country, Monmouth was executed.

tsi 77. The First Redcoats and The Battle of Naseby.mp3

1645 and the Battle of Naseby began, which historians believe was the start of modern British democracy. By the end of 1648 all was over. Cromwell was dictator. The Royalist had been crushed. The army needed payment. Agreement with the King was not forthcoming in 1647 he had escaped to the Isle of Wight at Carisbrooke. In November 1648 the army went to Carisbrooke and brought the King back to the mainland. Seven days later a detachment led by Colonel Thomas Pride locked Parliament stopping all but about 60 members, radical Independents, sitting in the Commons. In January 1649 Charles I was brought before a High Court to account for the blood he had shed and the mischief he had done against the Lord's cause. Charles refused to recognize the court. He refused to speak in his own defence but it would have made little difference. It was snowing when Charles Stuart was beheaded in front of the Banqueting House which Inigo Jones had built.

tsi 73 .The Scottish Revolt and The Seeds of Civil War.mp3

Trouble north of the border means Charles I now needs the Parliament he had dissolved 11 years earlier. In 1640 England is on the brink of Civil War. William Laud, Archbishop of Canterbury, is desperately trying to unite the Church in England and Scotland. His determination that Scotland should adhere to the English Prayer Book led to conflict with Scotland. Charles sent the Marquis of Hamilton to Scotland to face the Assembly who demanded the abolition of Episcopacy. Charles ordered the dissolution of the Assembly. The supporters of the Assembly were known as Covenanters, they raised an army and invaded England. Charles signed the Treaty of Berwick agreeing to call the Assembly and Parliament. Scotland sensed its power and capitalized on its alliance with France. Charles looked to the first Earl of Strafford, Sir Thomas Wentworth, Lord Deputy of Ireland who called upon the 8000 strong Irish army. Charles was forced to recall Parliament after 11 years of rule without it, in order to raise money for war. Meanwhile Henrietta Maria was hatching a plot to enhance the Catholics' position. The Scots invaded and took Northumberland and Durham. They were supported by Parliament and the Puritans.

tsi 71. The Death of Raleigh and the First King of Gre....mp3

1616 - Walter Raleigh is in prison. Then a young man called George Villiers appears in court circles. James I was a peacemaker. His accession brought peace with Scotland and thus France. In 1604 Robert Cecil negotiated peace with Spain this led to James I imprisoning Sir Walter Raleigh, one of Elizabeth's favourites. Sir Walter Raleigh was released to lead an expedition to Guiana, this failed and led to more clashes with the Spanish. On his return Raleigh was executed. James I married his daughter, Elizabeth, to the Elector Palatine of the Rhine in 1613. Charles, the Prince of Wales, tried to claim the Spanish Infanta's hand only to be faced with such demands for English Catholics' rights that he knew Parliament would not agree. George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham, one of the King's favourites who succeeded Robert Cecil, suggested marriage between Charles and Henrietta Maria of France. James I became ill and died in 1625.

tsi 70 A Damp Squib, A Bible and Widow Thirkettle.mp3

It is the time of James I, the gunpowder plot and religious strife James I aimed to be as fair in religious matters as possible, the English Church suited him but he was happy to tolerate Catholics as long as they did not make trouble. However in 1604 he ordered the Jesuits out of Britain. Catholic unrest led to the Gunpowder Plot in 1605. Catholics were banned from living anywhere near London, from holding public or official office, and James took over two-thirds of Catholic owned lands, all Catholics were asked to swear an oath of allegiance to the Crown. The Puritans were also disappointed by James I but Dr John Reynolds, the leader of the Puritan delegation at the Hampton Court conference in 1604, suggested a new version of the Bible. This was finally produced by the King's printer, was known as the Authorized Version of the Bible and lasted for 300 years.

tsi 68 Essex, Ireland and Sturdy Beggars.mp3

It is a time of court rivalries in the late 16th Century. In the 1590s, adventuring heroes such as Sir Walter Raleigh and the Earl of Essex vied for the Queen's favour. Essex was promoted and led a fleet to fight a new Spanish Armada in the Azores. It was a disaster, Essex was forced to leave the Court. His letters and pleas did nothing to change the Queen's mind. Then in 1599 his chance came. Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone was threatening English dominance in Ireland. Essex persuaded Elizabeth to let him go to Ireland with a large army to put an end to the rebellion. Essex's orders were to subdue Ulster and the Earl of Tyrone but Essex turned south to Leinster. He needed time to gather his forces, find sufficient packhorses and wait for the weather to improve. He wrote to the Queen, who was furious and ordered Essex not to return until he had defeated Tyrone. Essex met Tyrone and agreed to a two-week truce, he then returned to London. Angry scenes followed between Essex and Elizabeth, Essex was placed under house arrest and then in desperation plotted to overthrow the Queen which led to his execution in 1601.

this sceptered isle 63 A Decade of Rebellion, Executio....mp3

Henry VIII is dead and his weakling son is now King. Anna Massey narrates the history of the British Isles, with Paul Eddington. On Henry VIII's death, England once again faced turmoil. Edward VI was only 10, Edward Seymour, the Duke of Somerset, became guardian and chief counsellor. He worked with Cranmer to further the Protestant revolution. Somerset was ineffective and was soon usurped by John Dudley, Earl of Warwick, soon to be Duke of Northumberland. By 1553 it was obvious that Edward VI was dying. Mary was the rightful successor but she was a Catholic - Lady Jane Grey was proclaimed Queen by Northumberland but the Privy Council supported Mary. Northumberland was executed, Lady Jane Grey and her husband were sent to the Tower. bbc

This sceptered isle 60. Erasmus, Anne Boleyn and the D....mp3

Henry attempts to rid himself of Catherine and opens up a religious can of worms. Anna Massey narrates the history of the British Isles. In Cambridge a monk named Erasmus was at work on a new version of the New Testament, Novum Instrumentum. He published tracts against the superstitions of Catholicism and thus the Pope. He won respect and reform from the new scholars of England, among them Thomas More and John Colet. Henry VIII, meanwhile, was desperate for a male heir, Catherine of Aragon had given him a daughter, Mary. He set out to annul his marriage but insisted that the Pope should acknowledge his marriage as a Papal mistake. This led in the end to his falling out of favour with the Pope and to the dissolution of the monasteries. Wolsey's failure to negotiate the annulment with the Pope led to his downfall. He was stripped of many of his possessions and sent north to his archbishopric at York. He died on the way. In 1527 he fell madly in love with Anne Boleyn. He finally married her in 1533. She also gave birth to a daughter, Elizabeth, but the King was happy until she gave birth to a stillborn baby in 1536. Henry found a new love in Jane Seymour and was easily convinced by Thomas Cromwell that Anne was having an affair. She was beheaded in 1536.

This sceptered isle 59 Henry VIII,Flodden and Wolsey.mp3

James IV is killed in a bloody battle against the Scots. In 1509 Henry VIII came to the throne and immediately, on the advice of his councillors, negotiated to marry Catherine of Aragon. He distrusted the hereditary nobility choosing men of low birth as his advisers. He made Thomas Wolsey his Lord Chancellor and Chief Councillor in 1515. Wolsey's rise through the Church was rapid - Bishop of Lincoln, Archbishop of York, Cardinal, Papal Legate - the latter made him above all ecclesiastical authority in the land. Wolsey ruled, in the King's name, for 14 years. He favoured the Star Chamber and used it for ministerial judgements. These were fair but often ruthless. Henry VIII was ambitious he looked towards Europe. In 1512 he hired Austrian mercenaries and defeated the French in the Battle of the Spurs in 1513. In the same year at home the Earl of Surrey won a bloody victory against the Scots at Flodden killing James IV. The one-year-old James V came to the throne of Scotland and his mother, Margaret - Henry's sister, became Regent.

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