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19,5 MB
17 lip 09 20:51

Concise Encyclopedia of Philosophy of Language.pdf

Author: Edited by P. Lamarque
Publisher: Pergamon

Philosophers have had an interest in language from the earliest times but the twentieth century, with its so-called 'linguistic turn' in philosophy, has seen a huge expansion of work focused specifically on language and its foundations. No branch of philosophy has been unaffected by this shift of emphasis. It is timely at the end of the century to review and assess the vast range of issues that have been developed and debated in this central area.

The distinguished international contributors present a clear, accessible guide to the fundamental questions raised by the philosophers about language. Contributions include Graeme Forbes on necessity, Susan Haack on deviant logics, Paul Horwich on truth, Charles Travis on Wittgenstein, L.J. Cohen on linguistic philosophy, Ruth Kempson on semantics and syntax and Christopher Hookway on ontology, to name but a few. A wide range of topics are covered from the metaphysics and ontology of language, language and mind, truth and meaning, to theories or reference, speech act theory, philosophy of logic and formal semantics. There are also articles on key figures from the twentieth century and earlier.

Based on the foundation provided by the award-winning Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics this single volume provides a collection of articles that will be an invaluable reference tool for all those interested in the area of philosophy of language, and also to those in cognitive science and psychology. All the articles have been thoroughly revised and updated. This volume gives a unique survey of topics that are at the very core of contemporary philosophy.

15,0 MB
4 lip 09 12:10

Language and Communication A Cross-Cultural Encycl opedia.pdf

Author: Michael Shaw Findlay
Publisher: ABC-Clio Inc

This latest installment in the "Encyclopedias of Human Experience" series includes 151 entries pertaining to the study of "language and communication from a cross-cultural perspective." Findlay, a cultural anthropologist, aims to avoid European ethnocentrism by showing how Western and non-Western traditions influence one another. Of the 126 cultures from five continents cited in this encyclopedia, only one is European: British Cockney-speakers. Throughout, Findlay focuses on "communicative competence," the cultural and social rules an individual must know in order to use a language. Each entry is written with great clarity and followed by bibliographic information and cross references. An especially helpful feature is the author's practice of defining technical terms within parentheses following the terms themselves; another is the excellent bibliography. Both the geographical range and the richness of the subject matter are to be applauded. While one might have wished for an explanation of how the cultures discussed were selected, this encyclopedia is a laudable accomplishment and belongs in high school, college, and public libraries.?Joan W. Gartland, Detroit P.L.

5,5 MB
4 lip 09 11:52

An Encyclopaedia of Language.pdf

Author: Collinge, N. E. (ed.)
Publisher: Routledge

In this indispensable reference, twenty-nine leaders in the field describe how language works--accounting for its nature, use, study, and history. An Encyclopaedia of Language provides a truly comprehensive overview of how the various branches of linguistic study have arrived at their current positions. It divides the subject into three logical sections: 1) the "inner nature" of language; 2) its interaction with other disciplines; and 3) some special aspects of its study and use.

Readers will find detailed coverage of: how language works; how language is taught and learned; phonetics; grammar and semantics; how linguists research their subjects and interpret results; second languages; language and computation; writing systems; the history of language study; the evolution of language; the distribution of languages around the world; lexicography; dialectology; and other topics.

6,4 MB
4 lip 09 11:47

Beyond Grammar An Experience-Based Theory of Langu age.pdf

Author: Rens Bod
Publisher: Routledge

"Beyond Grammar should be read by all theoretical linguists who feel intrigued or threatened by the renaissance of statistical natural language processing. Bod argues for the provocative thesis that knowledge of language should be understood not as a grammar, but as a 'statistical ensemble of language experiences that changes slightly every time a new utterance is perceived or produced'. By building a conceptual theory that integrates formal language theory with statistical linguistics, he also shows why the coming statistical revolution need not put theoretical linguists out of business. This is a beautifully written, important, and accessible work." -- Joan Bresnan, Stanford University

3,0 MB
29 kwi 09 0:34

How the Brain Evolved Language.pdf

Author: Donald Loritz
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA

How can an infinite number of sentences be generated from one human mind? How did language evolve in apes? In this book Donald Loritz addresses these and other fundamental and vexing questions about language, cognition, and the human brain. He starts by tracing how evolution and natural adaptation selected certain features of the brain to perform communication functions, then shows how those features developed into designs for human language. The result - what Loritz calls an adaptive grammar - gives a unified explanation of language in the brain and contradicts directly (and controversially) the theory of innateness proposed by, among others, Chomsky and Pinker.

4,9 MB
29 kwi 09 0:33

Figurative Language and Thought.pdf

Author: Albert N. Katz, Cristina Cacciari, Raymond W. Gibbs, Mark Turner
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA

Our understanding of the nature and processing of figurative language is central to several important issues in cognitive science, including the relationship of language and thought, how we process language, and how we comprehend abstract meaning. Over the past fifteen years, traditional approaches to these issues have been challenged by experimental psychologists, linguists, and other cognitive scientists interested in the structures of the mind and the processes that operate on them. In Figurative Language and Thought, internationally recognized experts in the field of figurative language, Albert Katz, Mark Turner, Raymond W. Gibbs Jr., and Cristina Cacciari, provide a coherent and focused debate on the subject. The book's authors discuss a variety of fundamental questions, including: What can figures of speech tell us about the structure of the conceptual system? If and how should we distinguish the literal from the nonliteral in our theories of language and thought? Are we primarily figurative thinkers and consequently figurative language users or the other way around? Why do we prefer to speak metaphorically in everyday conversation, when literal options may be available for use? Is metaphor the only vehicle through which we can understand abstract concepts? What role do cultural and social factors play in our comprehension of figurative language? These and related questions are raised and argued in an integrative look at the role of nonliteral language in cognition. This volume, a part of Counterpoints series, will be thought-provoking reading for a wide range of cognitive psychologists, linguists, and philosophers.

4,1 MB
29 kwi 09 0:31

Constraints in Discourse (Pragmatics and Beyond Ne w Series).pdf

Author: Anton Benz, Peter Kühnlein
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing Company

It is a commonplace to say that the meaning of text is more than the conjunction of the meaning of its constituents. But, what are the rules governing its interpretation, and what are the constraints that define well-formed discourse? Answers to these questions can be given from various perspectives. In this edited volume, leading scientists in the field investigate these questions from structural, cognitive, and computational perspectives. The last decades have seen the development of numerous formal frameworks in which the structure of discourse can be analysed, the most important of them being the Linguistic Discourse Model, Rhetorical Structure Theory and Segmented Discourse Representation Theory.This volume contains an introduction to these frameworks and the fundamental topics in research about discourse constraints. Thus, it should be accessible to specialists in the field as well as advanced graduate students and researchers from neighbouring areas. The volume is of interest to discourse linguists, psycholinguists, cognitive scientists, and computational linguists.

1,4 MB
29 kwi 09 0:28

The Power of Words.pdf

Illustrates concepts/rhetorical theory behind a writing analysis approach, which examines writing patterns & shows writers how their writing works in various categories to accomplish varying objectives. Reference for writing instructors,students,writers.

4,9 MB
29 kwi 09 0:27

The Origins of Meaning (Language in the Light of E volution).pdf

Author: James Hurford
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA

In this, the first of two ground-breaking volumes on the nature of language in the light of the way it evolved, James Hurford looks at how the world first came to have a meaning in the minds of animals and how in humans this meaning eventually came to be expressed as language. He reviews a mass of evidence to show how close some animals, especially primates and more especially apes, are to the brink of human language. Apes may not talk to us but they construct rich cognitive representations of the world around them, and here, he shows, are the evolutionary seeds of abstract thought - the means of referring to objects, the memory of events, even elements of the propositional thinking philosophers have hitherto reserved for humans. What then, he asks, is the evolutionary path between the non-speaking minds of apes and our own speaking minds? Why don't apes communicate the richness of their thoughts to each other? Why do humans alone have a unique disposition to reveal their thoughts in complex detail? Professor Hurford searches a wide range of evidence for the answers to these central questions, including degrees of trust, the role of hormones, the ability to read minds, and the willingness to cooperate. Expressing himself congenially in consistently colloquial language the author builds up a vivid picture of how mind, language, and meaning evolved over millions of years. His book is a landmark contribution to the understanding of linguistic and thinking processes, and the fullest account yet published of the evolution of language and communication. "A wonderful read - lucid, informative, and entertaining, while at the same time never talking down to the reader by sacrificing argumentation for the sake of 'simplicity'. Likely to be heralded as the major publication dealing with language evolution to date. Frederick J. Newmeyer, University of Washington

14,8 MB
29 kwi 09 0:25

The New Psychology of Language Cognitive and Funct ional Approaches To Language Structure.pdf

Author: Michael Tomasello
Publisher: Lawrence Erlbaum

From the point of view of psychology and cognitive science, much of modern linguistics is too formal and mathematical to be of much use. The newly emerging approaches to language termed, "Functional and Cognitive Linguistics," however, are much less formally oriented. Instead, functional and cognitive approaches to language structure are typically couched in terms already familiar to cognitive scientists: perception, attention, conceptualization, meaning, symbols, categories, schemas, perspectives, discourse context, social interaction, and communicative goals. The account of human linguistic competence emerging from this new paradigm should be extremely useful to scientists studying how human beings (not formal devices) comprehend, produce, and acquire natural languages.

The current volume brings together 10 of the most important linguists in cognitive and functional linguistics whose work is often not easily available to those outside the field. In original contributions, each of these scholars focuses on an important aspect of human linguistic competence, with a special eye to readers who are not professional linguists. Of special importance to all of the contributions are the cognitive and social interactional processes that constitute human linguistic communication. The book is of special interest to psychologists, cognitive scientists, psycholinguists, and developmental psycholinguists, in addition to linguists taking a more psychological approach to language.

1,4 MB
29 kwi 09 0:19

Recent Advances in the Syntax and Semantics of Ten se, Aspect and Modality (Trends in Linguistics. St udies and Monographs).pdf

Author: Saussure, Louis de, Moeschler, and Jacques
Publisher: Mouton de Gruyter

It is a fact that tense, aspect and modality together form one of the most recurring and active areas of research in contemporary syntax and semantics, as well as in other disciplines of linguistics. A large number of syntactic and semantic phenomena are concerned by the temporal-aspectual-modal level of representation: information about time, aspect and modality is part of virtually all sentences; inflexion is quite widely considered as the core of syntactic projections. Because of this very crucial situation and role in the sentence structure, temporal-aspectual and modal information concerns virtually any part of the sentence and this information has scope over the whole characterization of the eventuality denoted by the sentence.

1,3 MB
29 kwi 09 0:12

Research on mother tongue education in a comparati ve international perspective.pdf

Author: Wolfgang Herrlitz, Sigmund Ongstad, Piet-Hein van de Ven
Publisher: Rodopi

Pioneering in the comparison of standard language teaching in Europe, the International Mother tongue Education Network (IMEN) in the last twenty-five years stimulated experts from more than fifteen European countries to participate in a range of research projects in this field of qualitative educational analyses. The volume "Research on mother tongue education in a comparative international perspective - Theoretical and methodological issues" documents theoretical principals and methodological developments that during the last decades shaped IMEN research and may enlarge the fundaments of comparative qualitative research in language education in a seminal way. The topics of this volume include * IMEN's aims, points of departure, history and methodology. * research on the professional practical knowledge of MTE-teachers. * innovation, key incident analysis and international triangulation * positioning in theory and practice Also included: the IMEN bibliography 1984-2004 which supplies a complete picture of IMEN research activities from the beginning.

1,7 MB
7 kwi 09 15:16

Language and Sexuality [CUP] .pdf

Author: Deborah Cameron, Don Kulick
Publisher: Cambridge

This lively and accessible textbook looks at how we talk about sex and why we talk about it the way we do. Drawing on a wide range of examples, from personal ads to phone sex, from sado-masochistic scenes to sexual assault trials, the book provides a clear introduction to the relationship between language and sexuality. Using a broad definition of ‘sexuality’, the book encompasses not only issues surrounding sexual orientation and identity but also questions about the discursive construction of sexuality and the verbal expression of erotic desire. Cameron and Kulick contextualize their findings within current research in linguistics, anthropology and psychology, and bring together relevant theoretical debates on sexuality, gender, identity, desire, meaning and power. Topical and entertaining, this much-needed textbook will be welcomed by students and researchers in sociolinguistics, linguistic anthropology and gender/sexuality studies, as well as anyone interested in the relationship between language and sex.

Contents

Preface; 1. Making connection; 2. Talking sex and thinking sex: the linguistic and discursive construction of sexuality; 3. What has gender got to do with sex? Language, heterosexuality and heteronormativity; 4. Sexuality as identity: gay and lesbian language; 5. Looking beyond identity: language and desire; 6. Language and sexuality: theory, research and politics.

0,9 MB
7 kwi 09 14:31

Literacy and Gender.pdf

Author: Gemma Moss
Publisher: Routledge

Literacy and Gender provides a major contribution to general debates about literacy and gender in schools. It advances the theory in literacy as a social practice as well as providing practical support to those researching literacy.

This timely project is essential reading for anyone with an interest in applied linguistics, education or gender studies.

2,0 MB
7 kwi 09 14:31

Language Loyalty, Continuity And Change Joshua A. Fishman's Contributions to International Socioling uistics (Bilingual Education & Bilingualism).pdf

Author: Ofelia Garcia, Rakhmiel Peltz, Harold F. Schiffman, Gella Schweid Fishman
Publisher: Multilingual Matters Limited

This short volume provides a comprehensive and synoptic view of Joshua A. Fishman's contributions to international sociolinguistics. The two integrative essays provide readers with the essential understandings of Fishmanian sociolinguistics and his contributions to Yiddish scholarship. An up-to-date comprehensive bibliography prepared by Gella Schweid Fishman, as well as Fishman's own concluding sentiments, complement the integrative essays.

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