Why are some parts of the world so rich and others so poor? Why did the Industrial Revolution--and the unprecedented economic growth that came with it--occur in eighteenth-century England, and not at some other time, or in some other place? Why didn't industrialization make the whole world rich--and why did it make large parts of the world even poorer? In A Farewell to Alms, Gregory Clark tackles these profound questions and suggests a new and provocative way in which culture--not exploitation, geography, or resources--explains the wealth, and the poverty, of nations.

Countering the prevailing theory that the Industrial Revolution was sparked by the sudden development of stable political, legal, and economic institutions in seventeenth-century Europe, Clark shows that such institutions existed long before industrialization. He argues instead that these institutions gradually led to deep cultural changes by encouraging people to abandon hunter-gatherer instincts-violence, impatience, and economy of effort-and adopt economic habits-hard work, rationality, and education.

The problem, Clark says, is that only societies that have long histories of settlement and security seem to develop the cultural characteristics and effective workforces that enable economic growth. For the many societies that have not enjoyed long periods of stability, industrialization has not been a blessing. Clark also dissects the notion, championed by Jared Diamond in Guns, Germs, and Steel, that natural endowments such as geography account for differences in the wealth of nations.

A brilliant and sobering challenge to the idea that poor societies can be economically developed through outside intervention, A Farewell to Alms may change the way global economic history is understood.

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Jean-Denis G. G. Lepage - Medieval Armies and W eapons in Western Europe. An Illustrated History ( 1999).jpg

All History - Jean-Denis G. G. Lepage - Medieval Armies and Weap...eapons in Western Europe. An Illustrated History 1999.jpg

The Middle Ages are commonly divided into three periods—the early Middle Ages, the high or central Middle Ages, and the late Middle Ages. Each period was marked by its own crises and wars, and the weapons and fighters reflected the technological and other advancements being made. This book is a richly illustrated history of warfare in Western Europe during those years.

Part One, the early Middle Ages, covers the late Romans, the Germanic invaders and Byzantines, the Franks, the Vikings and Hungarians, and the Anglo-Saxons and Normans in England. Part Two, the high or central Middle Ages, considers the feudal system, knights and chivalry, knights at war, infantrymen, land warfare, siege and naval warfare, crusades in Palestine, templars and hospitalers, the Reconquista in Spain, and the Teutonic knights. Part Three, the late Middle Ages, discusses the evolution of new types of armor and weapons, the Hundred Years’ War, mercenaries, and firearms.

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Jean-Denis G. G. Lepage - Medieval Armies and W eapons in Western Europe. An Illustrated History ( 1999).pdf

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Davud Edge, John Miles Paddock - Arms & Armor of t he Medieval Knight, An Illustrated History of Weap onry in the Middle Ages (1991).jpg

All History - Davud Edge, John Miles Paddock - Arms Armor of the M...lustrated History of Weaponry in the Middle Ages 1991.jpg

One of the most frequent lures for the average reader into the medieval world is that of the knight in armor. It's hard to resist the vision of a mounted warrior in mail or plate, hoisting a banner or swinging a mighty sword. For those of us not content to settle for the Hollywood version of the men who led and followed, fought and died, and rode into history in the name of crown and country, this informative work by David Edge & John Miles Paddock is the best place to start learning the facts.

The authors follow the evolution of the European knight from his misty origins in the eighth century to the pomp and glory of the sixteenth. Through the use of numerous photographs of surviving armor, illuminated manuscripts, statues, tapestries, and other physical evidence of the past, they provide the reader with a clear and fairly accurate picture of how the knight would look at various stages of history and what weapons he would wield.

There is plenty of background material and explanatory text to help you pinpoint armor styles through the ages and understand how various weapons were used. The book is conveniently organized by era, with individual chapters for the 11th through 16th centuries. There is also a chapter on tournaments, an appendix on armor construction, and a glossary of armorial terms. All this makes for a very handy reference, one we could hope film-makers and authors would consult for more accurate representations than we've come to expect from popular fiction.

Most delightful of all, Arms & Armor of the Medieval Knight is a visual feast. The most wonderful artifacts offer clues to armor of the past, from coins and statuettes to the Bayeux Tapestry to a carved ivory and silver "water stoop." You'll want to hold some of these treasures in your hands and feel the connection to history that the authors so admirably convey.

The book is nicely produced in hardcover with very fine glossy photos, and at 12 x 8 inches, it's suitable for display on your coffee table. Its only real drawback is that it can be hard to find, so be prepared to buy it used, place a special order at your local bookstore, or take advantage of Internet purchasing power.

Whether your interest lies in militaria, general medieval studies, or even the romantic literature of the age, I can highly recommend this work as an enjoyable and informative doorway to the past.

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Davud Edge, John Miles Paddock - Arms & Armor of t he Medieval Knight, An Illustrated History of Weap onry in the Middle Ages (1991).pdf

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Batty Langley - Gothic Architecture, improved by r ules and proportions (1742).jpg

The architectural designs of Batty Langley greatly influenced England's Gothic Revival movement in the second half of the eighteenth century. This volume (beautifully engraved by his brother Thomas), which completely reproduces the author's most famous and influential work, displays columns, entablatures, windows, mantels, pavilions, and a host of other architectural features.

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Batty Langley - Gothic Architecture, improved by r ules and proportions (1742).pdf

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Donald M. G. Sutherland - The French Revolution an d Empire. The Quest for a Civic Order (2003).jpg

This book provides students and general readers with a history of France during the Revolution and Empire. It includes a narrative of events from the fall of the Bastille to the defeat of Napoleon, and a compelling analysis of why the revolution occurred. The book explains how the French Revolution encountered opposition not only from the privileged but also from the common people. It examines and analyzes various forms of resistance that arose when it became apparent that the hopes of 1789 could not be realized. The Terror of 1793–4 aimed to annihilate this resistance and remake human nature, but its violence and financial policies crippled successor governments and liberal institutions.

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1,5 MB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Donald M. G. Sutherland - The French Revolution an d Empire. The Quest for a Civic Order (2003).pdf

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Mary Elvira Weeks - Discovery of the Elements, 6th Edition (1960).jpg

The material blessings that man enjoys today have re sulted largely from his ever-increasing knowledge of about one hundred simple substances, the chemical elements, most of which were entirely unknown to ancient civilizations. In the luxurious thermas of the Roman patrician, with all their lavish display of alabaster floors, porphyry walls, marble stairs, and mosaic ceil ings, no nickel-plated or chromium fixtures were to be seen;
among his artistic golden bowls and goblets no platinum or tantalum objects were ever to be found; with all his spoils of war he could not buy the smallest aluminum trinket. Even the haughtiest Roman conqueror was earthbound, for he knew no light metal like aluminum or magnesium and no light gas like hydrogen or helium to make lofty flight possible. Without a lantern in his hand, he could not walk along the splendid lava pavements of the city streets at night, for the white glow of the tungsten filament and the crimson glow of the neon tube were lacking. The water that came to him from mountain springs, lakes, and rivers through miles of magnificent aqueducts was a menace to health, for there was no chlorine with which to kill the bacteria. When accident befell him, there was no iodine for the healing of the wound; when he lay gasping for breath, no cylinder of oxygen to save him.
The story of the disclosure, one by one, of the chemical elements has never been told as a connected narrative. The re ports of these discoveries and the life stories of the discoverers are recorded for the most part in old chemical journals, bio graphical dictionaries, old letters, and obsolete textbooks that are seldom read by the busy modern chemist. It is hoped, therefore, that these chapters may not only render tribute to the honored men and women who helped to reveal the hidden chemical ele ments, but may also serve to acquaint chemists and others with these great achievements.
The task of selecting and eliminating material, has been pleasant but difficult, It has frequently happened that two or more men have discovered the same element independently, In other instances various observers have recognized the existence of a new element long before it was actually isolated. In such cases an attempt has been made to relate all important steps in the discovery as fairly and completely as possible without ascribing the honor of discovery to any one person. If the reader is led through closer acquaintance with the dis coverers of the chemical elements to a deeper appreciation of their glorious achievements, the book has not been written in vain.

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Mary Elvira Weeks - Discovery of the Elements, 6th Edition (1960).pdf

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Karl Gogg - Österreichs Kriegsmarine 1848-1918 (19 74).jpg

All History - Karl Gogg - sterreichs Kriegsmarine 1848-1918 1974.jpg

German

Salzburg, Bergland-Buch, 1967. 8vo. Pp. 168. With halftone picture catalogue of 264 ships. Full explanatory lists. Hardcover, original decorated white cloth, flag imposed in red on upper cover, spine lettered in blue, with pictorial dust-jacket. In excellent condition. Fine copy. First edition.

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61,8 MB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Karl Gogg - Österreichs Kriegsmarine 1848-1918 (19 74).pdf

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Spencer G. Lucas - Chinese Fossil Vertebrates (200 1).jpg

The literature on Chinese fossil vertebrates is extremely difficult for Western scholars to assimilate and interpret. In part, this is because much of that literature is in Chinese, and few useful reviews exist in Western languages. Yet China has an extensive vertebrate fossil record, one that plays a key role in understanding the evolution of vertebrates. Spencer Lucas gives an up-to-date review and synthesis of the Chinese vertebrate fossil record that will greatly facilitate an understanding of and further research into this outstanding fossil record. The book provides the reader with a comprehensive, chronologically ordered review of China's vertebrate fossil record. It also presents a history of vertebrate paleontological studies in China and an entrée to some important issues of systematics, evolutionary history, paleoecology, taphonomy, and functional anatomy best elucidated by China's fossils. This volume should therefore become an indispensable part of the library of any student of vertebrate evolution.

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Peter Murray - Architektura włoskiego renesansu (1 999).jpg

Architektura renesansowa, która pojawiła się około roku 1420 we Florencji w dziełach Brunelleschiego i Albertiego, osiągnęła swój szczyt w następnych pokoleniach wraz z pojawieniem się takich geniuszy dojrzałego renesansu, jak Bramante, Sanmicheli, Sangallo, Peruzzi, Sansovino i Michał Anioł. Ich twórczość w sposób jasny i z wyczuciem omawia profesor Murray. Była to nie tylko epoka niezrównanych osiągnięć architektonicznych w samej Italii. Dostarcza ona także klucza do zrozumienia rozwoju architektury w pozostałych krajach Europy w ciągu następnych trzech stuleci. Książka stanowi jedno z najlepszych wprowadzeń do problematyki architektury włoskiego renesansu.

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Richard Abel - Encyclopedia of Early Cinema (2005).jpg

Covering the 1890s to the mid-1910s, this work focuses on the period during which filmmaking progressed from the early flickering moving images that lasted only a matter of seconds to multiple-reel, feature films running more than an hour. By offering an international perspective and encompassing not only the production aspects of early motion pictures but also their distribution, exhibition, and reception, this work fills a gap in the reference literature on film.

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Richard Abel - Encyclopedia of Early Cinema (2005).pdf

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Barbara N. Ramusack - The New Cambridge History of India, Volume 3, Part 6, The Indian Princes and t heir States (2004).jpeg

All History - Barbara N. Ramusack - The New Cambridge History of In... 3, Part 6, The Indian Princes and their States 2004.jpeg

Barbara Ramusack describes the pre-colonial origins of the Indian princes, frequently portrayed as synonymous with oriental luxury, and how they adapted their public activities and personal lifestyles to survive as political leaders and cultural icons. Their collaboration enabled the British to govern India with relatively limited manpower from the late 1790s to 1947. The book is intended for students of colonial history and visitors to the princely states.

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Barbara N. Ramusack - The New Cambridge History of India, Volume 3, Part 6, The Indian Princes and t heir States (2004).pdf

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10 wrz 18 22:03

A. A. Sayce , R. Peterson - Race in Ancient Egypt and the Old Testament (1993).jpg

Race in Ancient Egypt and the Old Testament
A. Sayce (Author), R. Peterson (Author)

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10 wrz 18 22:03

A. A. Sayce , R. Peterson - Race in Ancient Egypt and the Old Testament (1993).pdf

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Mercedes Garcia-Arenal - Messianism and Puritanica l Reform (2006).jpg

This is a book about revolutionary movements of a messianic and millenarian character, led by a "mahdi", in Islamic terms, a charismatic messianic leader. It also addresses the question of mediation between God and men and the political repercussions of this question in the history of the pre-Modern Muslim West. Mahdism is considered in relation to sufi ideas, terminology and symbols which shape notions of authority and of legitimate power when claiming direct, intimate contact between the holy and the divine. The relationship between mahdism and the legitimacy of power, the process by which the messianic paradigm becomes inseparable from the claim to the caliphate are amply discussed. The contents of the book range from the times of the Muslim conquest of North Africa and Iberia, to the first part of the XVIIth century with the end of Muslim Iberia and the beginnings of European intervention in Morocco.

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Mercedes Garcia-Arenal - Messianism and Puritanica l Reform (2006) [PDF].rar

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Rosemary Hill - God's Architect, Pugin and the Bui lding of Romantic Britain (2009).jpg

Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin (1812–1852) was one of Britain’s greatest architects, and his short career one of the most dramatic in architectural history. Born in 1812, the son of a French draftsman, at 15 Pugin was working for King George IV at Windsor Castle. By the time he was 21 he had been shipwrecked, bankrupted, and widowed. Nineteen years later he died, insane and disillusioned, having changed the face and the mind of British architecture in works as revered as the House of Lords and the clock tower at Westminster, known as Big Ben.

God’s Architect is the first modern biography of this extraordinary figure. Rosemary Hill draws upon thousands of unpublished letters and drawings to re-create Pugin’s life and work as architect, propagandist, and Gothic designer, as well as the turbulent story of his three marriages, the bitterness of his last years, and his sudden death at 40. It is the work of an exceptional historian and biographer.

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Jiří Macháček - The Rise of Medieval Towns and Sta tes in East Central Europe. Early Medieval Centres as Social and Economic Systems (2010).jpg

All History - Ji Machek - The Rise of Medieval Towns and States in ...Medieval Centres as Social and Economic Systems 2010.jpg

This book is a contribution to the understanding the transformations that took place across Europe during the second half of the first millennium. The goal is to draw conclusions on the basis of the archaeological evidence from important centres.

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Philip Major - Literatures of Exile in the English Revolution and its Aftermath, 1640–1690 (2010).jpg

Original and thought-provoking, this collection sheds new light on an important yet understudied feature of seventeenth-century England's political and cultural landscape: exile. Through an essentially literary lens, exile is examined both as physical departure from England - to France, Germany, the Low Countries and America - and as inner, mental withdrawal. In the process, a strikingly wide variety of contemporary sources comes under scrutiny, including letters, diaries, plays, treatises, translations and poetry. The extent to which the richness and disparateness of these modes of writing militates against or constructs a recognisable 'rhetoric' of exile is one of the book's overriding themes. Also under consideration is the degree to which exilic writing in this period is intended for public consumption, a product of private reflection, or characterised by a coalescence of the two. Importantly, this volume extends the chronological range of the English Revolution beyond 1660 by demonstrating that exile during the Restoration formed a meaningful continuum with displacement during the civil wars of the mid-century. This in-depth and overdue study of prominent and hitherto obscure exiles, conspicuously diverse in political and religious allegiance yet inextricably bound by the shared experience of displacement, will be of interest to scholars in a range of disciplines.

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Philip Major - Literatures of Exile in the English Revolution and its Aftermath, 1640–1690 (2010).pdf

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R. G. Grant - Soldier, A Visual History of the Fig hting Man (2007).jpg

This book presents a warrior's life, on and off the battlefield. From the Samurai of Japan to US rifleman, explore the dramatic experiences of soldiers who've fought battles and paid the price of warfare. Experience life on the frontline through personal accounts of the training, living conditions and engagements from 2,500 years of military history. Learn about fighting techniques and tactics from each era, and see the armour, uniforms, kit and weapons used in the field. Virtual tours take you inside the fortresses, ships, tanks and aircraft in which soldiers have battled, from a Viking longship to the cockpit of a B17 bomber. This book contains foreword from Colonel Tim Collins (OBE), who made headlines with his inspirational 'Eve-of-Battle' speech during the Iraqi conflict. This is an essential visual record of the fighting man.

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Peter Spufford - Money and its Use in Medieval Eur ope (1988).jpg

The many changing roles played by money in Europe throughout the Middle Ages are traced through war and trade and other political, economic, and ecclesiastical activities, regardless of national or international barriers.

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6,9 MB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Peter Spufford - Money and its Use in Medieval Eur ope (1988).djvu

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