In his illuminating introduction, Robert Graves discusses the function of myth. He claims that in the first place, it serves to answer the type of awkward questions that children ask, like Who made the world or Who were the first people? The second function of myth is to justify an existing social system and to account for traditional customs and rites.

Graves points out how myths of origin and eventual extinction vary according to the climate and that one finds a warm celestial afterworld in the north or a fresh flowered Elysian Field in Greece. He also deals with the Akan of Ghana and with Egypt and India. His conclusion is that myth is a dramatic shorthand record of stuff like invasions, migrations, dynastic changes, admission of foreign cults and social reforms. For example, when bread was first introduced in Greece, the myth of Demeter and Triptolemus sanctified its use.

The Encyclopedia investigates prehistoric mythology and that of Egypt, Assyro-Babylonia, Phoenicia, Greece, Rome, Persia, India, China, Japan, Oceania and that of the Celts, the Teutons, the Amerindians and Africans. It contains 34 colour plates and hundred of black and white illustrations and it concludes with a further reading list divided under different headings reflecting its chapter contents, plus a thorough index.

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Robert Graves - New Larousse Encyclopedia Of Mytho logy (1987).pdf

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Hew Strachan - The First World War (2005).jpg

One of the leading historians of WWI offers this superior one-volume version of his massive projected three-volume work, the first volume of which, To Arms, clocked in at 1250-plus pages last year. Strachan strenuously avoids the traditional focus on the Western Front (and the British) and the conventional assumptions of generals' stupidity and soldiers' valor. The war as he sees it was a race among generals on all sides to create new weapons and tactics faster than their opponents, a race that the Triple Entente won. It was also a race among soldiers to fight with these new weapons and tactics instead of raw courage and numbers wherever possible. Yet Russia and the Dual Monarchy of the Austro-Hungarian Empire were totally unfit for a large modern war (one reason the czar and his empire fell in 1917) and were a source of fatal weakness to Germany's alliance even before Italy changed sides. The political background (including the rising consciousness of colonial nationalities conscripted for the war), social consequences and diplomatic finagling all face an equal amount of revision, leaving the book organized more thematically than chronologically. Readers already familiar with the sequence of events in strict order will benefit most. But all readers will eventually be gripped, and even the most seasoned ones will praise the insights and the original choice of illustrations. This is likely to be the most indispensable one-volume work on the subject since John Keegan's First World War, and will draw serious readers to the larger work.

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Roderick Floud, Paul Johnson - The Cambridge Soci al History of Britain (1990).jpg

The final volume discusses the institutions that affected social conditions and influenced values and attitudes. Social policies were made for the most part by the comfortably off and those in power for the supposed good of the less fortunate. Contributors to this volume examine these initiatives with regard to, among others, the development of health care, philanthropy and the voluntary sector, the police and crime, professional associations and unions.

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Oberkommando der Wehrmacht - Sieg über Frankreich, Berichte und Bilder (1940).jpg

All History - Oberkommando der Wehrmacht - Sieg ber Frankreich, Berichte und Bilder 1940.jpg

Nazi history of the Battle for France in 1940; many photos.

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29,6 MB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Oberkommando der Wehrmacht - Sieg über Frankreich, Berichte und Bilder (1940).pdf

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142 KB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Wolfgang Willrich - Des Reiches Soldaten (1943).jpg

Extremely rare illustrations of 'Soldiers of the Reich' depicting "racial beauty" and aryan features. Much of Willrich's work was destoyed after the war, increasing the rarity value of this book.

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5,7 MB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Wolfgang Willrich - Des Reiches Soldaten (1943).pdf

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Osprey - Weapon 03 - Sean McLachlan - Medieval Han dgonnes (2010).jpg

In the early 14th century, a new weapon entered the arsenals of European armies. This first generation of black powder weapons put fear into the heart of the enemy and in 1453 Ottoman cannon succeeded in pummelling the once-impregnable walls of Constantinople. But cannons, which are both slow and cumbersome, were difficult to use and often proved inaccurate. The first handgonnes were the answer. Easily dismissed by later historians as nothing more than crude tubes that shot wildly inaccurate lead balls, more recent research has revealed the true accuracy of the medieval handgonne together with its penetrative power. This volume, complete with detailed illustrations and colour photographs of reconstructed handgonnes, reveals the true history of what could easily have been the most revolutionary weapon in history.This book will be a must for medieval enthusiasts and re-enactors.

Contents
* Introduction
* Development
* Use
* Impact
* Conclusion

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Anjana M. Chandra - India Condensed, 5,000 Years o f History & Culture (2009).jpg

India Condensed is a book for anyone who needs a quick introduction to India. History, philosophy, religion, language, literature, arts and culture are all discussed in this lively and accessible text. More than a dry recitation of dates, names and events, the topics covered range from stories and legends to current facts and observations. Thousands of years of history, culture and civilization are distilled into one handy book for easy reference.

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0,6 MB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Anjana M. Chandra - India Condensed, 5,000 Years o f History & Culture (2009).pdf

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128 KB
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Paul Tiyambe Zeleza, Dickson Eyoh - Encyclopedia o f Twentieth-Century African History (2002).jpg

The focus of this dictionary-style work is the past century of African history, covering decades of tremendous change, including resistance to colonial rule and the reestablishment of African independence. Global forces that had an impact on the continent are also considered. An article, for example, on the cold war details the effect of the conflict between the U.S and USSR on Africa. Although the emphasis is clearly the twentieth century, entries place their topics in context: the long article on Christianity considers the churches established in Egypt in the first centuries after Christ as well as the nineteenth-century missionary movements before considering modern developments. Articles on Islam, Arabic language, and slavery are similarly contextual. The scope includes North Africa and sub-Saharan Africa.

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4,1 MB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Paul Tiyambe Zeleza, Dickson Eyoh - Encyclopedia o f Twentieth-Century African History (2002).pdf

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171 KB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Greg Bankoff, Peter Boomgaard - A History of Natu ral Resources in Asia (2007).jpg

Much has been written about the wealth of nations, the history of unequal distribution of wealth, and the creation of zones of affluence and deprivation, both within and between societies. This book sets out to explore why some Asian nations are more prosperous than others through an examination of how their interaction with and utilization of resources has changed over the centuries.

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3,3 MB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Greg Bankoff, Peter Boomgaard - A History of Natu ral Resources in Asia (2007).pdf

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Angus Mackay, David Ditchburn - Atlas of Medieval Europe (1997).jpeg

Covering the period from the fall of the Roman Empire through to the beginnings of the Renaissance, this indispensable volume investigates the major political, social and cultural changes, showing their spread throughout the middle ages. It uses the most recent developments in scholarship.

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Marie Boas Hall - The Scientific Renaissance 1450- 1630 (1994).jpg

Exceptional work examines Copernican revolution, discusses alchemy, astrology and Harvey’s discovery of the circulatory system, Galileo’s telescopic discoveries, much more.

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20,8 MB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Marie Boas Hall - The Scientific Renaissance 1450- 1630 (1994).pdf

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Osprey - Fortress 16 - Charles Stephenson - The Fo rtifications Of Malta 1530-1945 (2004).jpg

The Island of Malta occupies a pivotal position in the Mediterranean, forming an outpost between North Africa and the soft underbelly of Europe. Such has been its strategic importance throughout the years that it has become one of the most fortified places in the world. Following the successful defence of the island during the Great Siege of 1565, the Knights Hospitaller built new walls and fortifications. These defences failed when Napoleon occupied Malta in 1798, and the island was retaken by the British in 1800. From this point onwards, Malta’s defences were modernised throughout the 19th century and the island’s final test came during World War II. This book examines all these different styles of fortification from the 16th to the 20th century.

Contents
'The Key to Malta' · The Knights of St John: Arrival and Survival · Construction and Reconstruction · The Outer Ring · Malta under the British: 1800-1940 · The Second Siege: 1940-43 · Malta as an Archaeological Site · The Sites Today · Bibliography and Further Reading · Glossary · Index

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Osprey - Fortress 46 - Stuart Reid - Castles And T ower Houses Of The Scottish Clans 1450-1650 [2006).jpg

With the exception of the key royal sites, such as Stirling and Edinburgh, few Scottish castles were located at strategic points, or were intended to house garrisons required to defend or subjugate towns. Instead they were primarily fortified dwelling houses, erected in an environment of weak Royal authority and endemic feuding between rival clans and groups, in both Highland and Lowland areas. Although some enceinte castles were developed during the 16th and 17th centuries, most defensive construction focused on the tower house, a distinctive vernacular style of Scottish fortification. This book examines the design, development, and purpose of these quintessentially Scottish buildings, and also covers larger sites such as Urquhart and Blackness.

Contents
Introduction · Chronology · Design and development · Construction · Principles of defence · Tour of a castle: Urquhart · Everyday life in the castles and tower houses · The castles and tower houses at war · The fate of the castles and towers · Index

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Stephen Turnbull - The Book of the Medieval Knight (1995).jpg

Fearless in battle, gracious in victory, knights lived their lives on a heroic scale, during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. Vividly retold with superb color and black-and-white photographs and illustrations. "...fantastic...recommend this book most highly....Excellent...."--Midwest Wargamer's Assoc. .... "Superbly illustrated...outstanding....Glorious full-color photographs...exquisite and informative study."--BRAVO.

About the Author
Dr Stephen Turnbull has made himself the world's expert on the Samurai, using his years of diligent research to publish a whole series of bestselling Samurai histories. He is widely employed as a consultant authority on Japanese history and religion.

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89,4 MB
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Stephen Turnbull - The Book of the Medieval Knight (1995).pdf

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Aidan Meehan - Celting Design, The Dragon And The Griffin, The Viking Impact (1995).jpg

The designs and patterns of the Celts, expressed in their metalwork, stonework and jewelry, and continued in the manuscript illumination of Celtic Christianity, are an art form whose legacy has fascinated both Celtic and non-Celtic peoples for centuries. This book adds to the series of practical, step-by-step guides on Celtic design for designers and craftspeople. It studies the intricate dragon and griffin patterns that form the basis of the distinctive style of art that arose after the Viking's invasion of Ireland around 850 AD.

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Aidan Meehan - Celting Design, The Dragon And The Griffin, The Viking Impact (1995).pdf

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Gregory Clark - A Farewell to Alms, A Brief Econom ic History of the World (2008).jpg

Why are some parts of the world so rich and others so poor? Why did the Industrial Revolution--and the unprecedented economic growth that came with it--occur in eighteenth-century England, and not at some other time, or in some other place? Why didn't industrialization make the whole world rich--and why did it make large parts of the world even poorer? In A Farewell to Alms, Gregory Clark tackles these profound questions and suggests a new and provocative way in which culture--not exploitation, geography, or resources--explains the wealth, and the poverty, of nations.

Countering the prevailing theory that the Industrial Revolution was sparked by the sudden development of stable political, legal, and economic institutions in seventeenth-century Europe, Clark shows that such institutions existed long before industrialization. He argues instead that these institutions gradually led to deep cultural changes by encouraging people to abandon hunter-gatherer instincts-violence, impatience, and economy of effort-and adopt economic habits-hard work, rationality, and education.

The problem, Clark says, is that only societies that have long histories of settlement and security seem to develop the cultural characteristics and effective workforces that enable economic growth. For the many societies that have not enjoyed long periods of stability, industrialization has not been a blessing. Clark also dissects the notion, championed by Jared Diamond in Guns, Germs, and Steel, that natural endowments such as geography account for differences in the wealth of nations.

A brilliant and sobering challenge to the idea that poor societies can be economically developed through outside intervention, A Farewell to Alms may change the way global economic history is understood.

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Jean-Denis G. G. Lepage - Medieval Armies and W eapons in Western Europe. An Illustrated History ( 1999).jpg

All History - Jean-Denis G. G. Lepage - Medieval Armies and Weap...eapons in Western Europe. An Illustrated History 1999.jpg

The Middle Ages are commonly divided into three periods—the early Middle Ages, the high or central Middle Ages, and the late Middle Ages. Each period was marked by its own crises and wars, and the weapons and fighters reflected the technological and other advancements being made. This book is a richly illustrated history of warfare in Western Europe during those years.

Part One, the early Middle Ages, covers the late Romans, the Germanic invaders and Byzantines, the Franks, the Vikings and Hungarians, and the Anglo-Saxons and Normans in England. Part Two, the high or central Middle Ages, considers the feudal system, knights and chivalry, knights at war, infantrymen, land warfare, siege and naval warfare, crusades in Palestine, templars and hospitalers, the Reconquista in Spain, and the Teutonic knights. Part Three, the late Middle Ages, discusses the evolution of new types of armor and weapons, the Hundred Years’ War, mercenaries, and firearms.

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Jean-Denis G. G. Lepage - Medieval Armies and W eapons in Western Europe. An Illustrated History ( 1999).pdf

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Davud Edge, John Miles Paddock - Arms & Armor of t he Medieval Knight, An Illustrated History of Weap onry in the Middle Ages (1991).jpg

All History - Davud Edge, John Miles Paddock - Arms Armor of the M...lustrated History of Weaponry in the Middle Ages 1991.jpg

One of the most frequent lures for the average reader into the medieval world is that of the knight in armor. It's hard to resist the vision of a mounted warrior in mail or plate, hoisting a banner or swinging a mighty sword. For those of us not content to settle for the Hollywood version of the men who led and followed, fought and died, and rode into history in the name of crown and country, this informative work by David Edge & John Miles Paddock is the best place to start learning the facts.

The authors follow the evolution of the European knight from his misty origins in the eighth century to the pomp and glory of the sixteenth. Through the use of numerous photographs of surviving armor, illuminated manuscripts, statues, tapestries, and other physical evidence of the past, they provide the reader with a clear and fairly accurate picture of how the knight would look at various stages of history and what weapons he would wield.

There is plenty of background material and explanatory text to help you pinpoint armor styles through the ages and understand how various weapons were used. The book is conveniently organized by era, with individual chapters for the 11th through 16th centuries. There is also a chapter on tournaments, an appendix on armor construction, and a glossary of armorial terms. All this makes for a very handy reference, one we could hope film-makers and authors would consult for more accurate representations than we've come to expect from popular fiction.

Most delightful of all, Arms & Armor of the Medieval Knight is a visual feast. The most wonderful artifacts offer clues to armor of the past, from coins and statuettes to the Bayeux Tapestry to a carved ivory and silver "water stoop." You'll want to hold some of these treasures in your hands and feel the connection to history that the authors so admirably convey.

The book is nicely produced in hardcover with very fine glossy photos, and at 12 x 8 inches, it's suitable for display on your coffee table. Its only real drawback is that it can be hard to find, so be prepared to buy it used, place a special order at your local bookstore, or take advantage of Internet purchasing power.

Whether your interest lies in militaria, general medieval studies, or even the romantic literature of the age, I can highly recommend this work as an enjoyable and informative doorway to the past.

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Davud Edge, John Miles Paddock - Arms & Armor of t he Medieval Knight, An Illustrated History of Weap onry in the Middle Ages (1991).pdf

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Batty Langley - Gothic Architecture, improved by r ules and proportions (1742).jpg

The architectural designs of Batty Langley greatly influenced England's Gothic Revival movement in the second half of the eighteenth century. This volume (beautifully engraved by his brother Thomas), which completely reproduces the author's most famous and influential work, displays columns, entablatures, windows, mantels, pavilions, and a host of other architectural features.

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