The last few years have witnessed a growing interest in the study of the Reformation period within the three kingdoms of Britain, revolutionizing the way in which scholars think about the relationships between England, Scotland and Ireland. Nevertheless, it is a fact that the story of the British Reformation is still dominated by studies of England, an imbalance that this book will help to right. By adopting an international perspective, the essays in this volume look at the motives, methods and impact of enforcing the Protestant Reformation in Ireland and Scotland. The juxtaposition of these two countries illuminates the similarities and differences of their social and political situations whiles qualifying many of the conclusions of recent historical work in each country. As well as investigating what 'reformation' meant in the early modern period, and examining its literal, rhetorical, doctrinal, moral and political implications, the volume also explores what enforcing these various reformations could involve. Taken as a whole, this volume offers a fascinating insight into how the political authorities in Scotland and Ireland attempted, with varying degrees of success, to impose Protestantism on their countries. By comparing the two situations, and placing them in the wider international picture, our understanding of European confessionalization is further enhanced.

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Elizabethanne Boran, Crawford Gribben - Enforcing Reformation in Ireland And Scotland, 1550–1700 (20 06).pdf

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John W. McCrindle - Ancient India as described by Megasthenes and Arrian (2000).jpg

This is a classic work on the ancient geography of India. This is an English translation of the fragments of the Indika of Megasthenes collected by Dr. Schwanbeck, and of the first part of the Indika of Arrian.

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John W. McCrindle - Ancient India as described by Megasthenes and Arrian (2000).djvu

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Selcuk Aksin Somel - Historical Dictionary of the Ottoman Empire (2003).jpg

Here you will find an in-depth treatise covering the political social, and economic history of the Ottoman Empire, the last member of the lineage of the Near Eastern and Mediterranean empires and the only one that reached the modern times both in terms of internal structure and world history.

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Selcuk Aksin Somel - Historical Dictionary of the Ottoman Empire (2003).pdf

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Timothy Brook - Vermeer's Hat, The Seventeenth Cen tury and the Dawn of the Global World (2007).jpg

In the hands of an award-winning historian, Vermeer’s dazzling paintings become windows that reveal how daily life and thought—from Delft to Beijing—were transformed in the seventeenth century, when the world first became global.
A painting shows a military officer in a Dutch sitting room, talking to a laughing girl. In another, a woman at a window weighs pieces of silver. Vermeer’s images captivate us with their beauty and mystery: What stories lie behind these stunningly rendered moments? As Timothy Brook shows us, these pictures, which seem so intimate, actually offer a remarkable view of a rapidly expanding world. The officer’s dashing hat is made of beaver fur, which European explorers got from Native Americans in exchange for weapons. Those beaver pelts, in turn, financed the voyages of sailors seeking new routes to China. There—with silver mined in Peru—Europeans would purchase, by the thousands, the porcelains so often shown in Dutch paintings of this time. Moving outward from Vermeer’s studio, Brook traces the web of trade that was spreading across the globe.
The wharves of Holland, wrote a French visitor, were “an inventory of the possible.” Vermeer’s Hat shows just how rich this inventory was, and how the urge to acquire the goods of distant lands was refashioning the world more powerfully than we have yet understood.

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Timothy Brook - Vermeer's Hat, The Seventeenth Cen tury and the Dawn of the Global World (2007).pdf

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John Fabb, Jack Cassin-Scott - Uniforms of Trafalg ar (1977).jpg

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John Fabb, Jack Cassin-Scott - Uniforms of Trafalg ar (1977).pdf

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Christopher Storrs - The Fiscal-Military State in Eighteenth-Century Europe (2009).jpg

In recent decades, historians of early-modern Europe, and above all those who study the eighteenth century, have elaborated the concept of what has been called the 'fiscal-military state'. This is a state whose international effectiveness was founded upon the development of large armed forces, whose performance and supply necessitated both further administrative development and the provision of large sums, the raising of which involved unprecedented levels of taxation and borrowing by governments. The present collection of essays, by leading authorities in their individual fields, all of whom have published widely on their chosen topic, explores the subject of the fiscal-military state by focusing on its leading exemplars in eighteenth century Europe: Austria, Britain, France, Prussia and Russia.It also includes a chapter on the Savoyard state (the kingdom of Sardinia), a lesser power whose career illuminates by comparison developments elsewhere. In addition, and rather unusually, a further chapter considers the fiscal-military state in a broader, comparative international context, in the arena of international relations. Each chapter provides a summary of the state of knowledge regarding the fiscal-military state debate insofar as it relates to the state under consideration. As well as contributing to that debate, they take matters further by systematically analysing the sources of wealth and income, and the way these were tapped, and the broader impact that this attempt to extract resources had on society and the state, both in the short and longer-term. The differing patterns, and the variety of models of fiscal-military state makes for ease of comparison across Europe, making the volume an invaluable resource to both students and researchers alike.

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John S. Bowman, Maurice Isserman - Exploration in the World of the Ancients (2009).jpg

"Exploration in the World of the Ancients, Revised Edition" examines who the first explorers were and defines the geographic areas of Earth, showing when and how they were first populated by humans. Among Western historians, this period is considered to begin with the first writing systems, which would be about 3500 or 3000 BCE, and end about 500 CE. This book examines some of the earliest accounts of Egyptian and Mesopotamian explorations, as well as covering the Romans, Greeks, Phoenicians, and other ancient peoples. It concludes at the beginning of the Middle Ages, when much of Earth's lands and seas were 'known', but many civilizations remained unknown to one another. The coverage includes: The first watercraft; Herodotus's travels and his history of the world until his time; The lighthouse and library of Alexandria; Alexander the Great's accomplishments as a warrior and an explorer; and, China's and Japan's roles in exploration, including the spread of Buddhism.

About the Author
John S. Bowman received a B.A. in English literature from Harvard University and attended Trinity College, Cambridge University, and the University of Munich. Bowman has worked as an editor for more than 40 years and as a freelance writer for almost as long. He has edited 15 works on general history and another 20 on wars and military history, and is the editor of the America at War set from Facts On File and the Almanac of American History.

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John S. Bowman, Maurice Isserman - Exploration in the World of the Ancients (2009).pdf

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Pamela White, John S. Bowman, Maurice Isserman - E xploration in the World of the Middle Ages, 500-15 00 (2009).jpg

All History - Pamela White, John S. Bowman, Maurice Isserman - Expl...ration in the World of the Middle Ages, 500-1500 2009.jpg

The Middle Ages, though marked by plague in Europe, was a time of increased investigation of the world. People from civilizations around the globe - from the Chinese in Asia to a curious Venetian named Marco Polo - sought to understand the world at large and discover its secrets. "Exploration in the World of the Middle Ages, 500-1500, Revised Edition" is an account of travels, expeditions, discoveries, and cross-cultural contacts in the span of 1,000 years throughout the world. This era encompassed periods of sophisticated civilization, learning, and outstanding achievement in many cultures around the world. Coverage of this title includes: the role played by three major religions - Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam - and these religions' pilgrims and missionaries who traveled throughout Asia, Europe, and the Middle East; the Vikings' advanced shipbuilding technology and how they sent exploratory, mercantile, and colonizing expeditions across the North Atlantic; Marco Polo's extensive travels and the wealth of geographical knowledge he gathered around China, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Indonesia, Japan, and the lands of the Indian Ocean; and, Portuguese expeditions to Africa and Asia supported by Prince Henry the Navigator Zheng He's monumental seventh voyage between 1431 and 1433 that included 100 ships and approximately 27,500 officers and crew.

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Pamela White, John S. Bowman, Maurice Isserman - E xploration in the World of the Middle Ages, 500-15 00 (2009).pdf

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Martha Vail, Maurice Isserman, John S. Bowman - Ex ploring the Pacific (2009).jpg

Each ship that ventured into the Pacific around the Cape of Good Hope, through the Strait of Magellan, or around Cape Horn carried the hope and ambitions of its sponsoring nation. The Pacific, perhaps even more so than the Americas or Africa, became the playing board for the global game of imperial chess. By the 20th century, only the most remote and inhospitable islands were free from American, European, or South American colonial administration. "Exploring the Pacific, Revised Edition" explains how explores of the Pacific region expanded geographical knowledge and contributed to human understanding by generating maps, charts, paintings, and reports. The book covers such explorers as Bartolomeu Dias, Vasco Nunez de Balboa, Ferdinand Magellan, Alvaro de Mendana, and James Cook. Coverage of this book includes: early Pacific navigation; art of the Pacific peoples; the struggle between the Spanish and Portuguese to gain control of the spice trade; the South Seas Bubble; Captain James Cook's three voyages in the Pacific; and, the real Robinson Crusoe.

About the Author
Martha Vail holds an A. B. in history from Smith College and an M.A., M.Phil., and Ph.D., all in history, from Yale University. A former fellow with the University of Colorado's Center for Humanities and the Arts and with the Bass Writing Program, Vail has taught history at Yale University and Tulane University. She served as program officer for the National Faculty for four years, where she designed and implemented multi-year, content-based professional development programs for urban and rural social studies teachers in the Mississippi Delta and recruited and managed a corps of scholars to work with educators in the field. She is a member of the National Council on Public History, Organization of American Historians, and the National Trust for Historic Preservation.

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Martha Vail, Maurice Isserman, John S. Bowman - Ex ploring the Pacific (2009).pdf

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Michael J. O'Brien, Stephen J. Shennan - Innovatio n in Cultural Systems, Contributions from Evolutio nary Anthropolog (2009).jpg

All History - Michael J. OBrien, Stephen J. Shennan - Innovation in...ms, Contributions from Evolutionary Anthropolog 2009.jpg

In recent years an interest in applying the principles of evolution to the study of culture emerged in the social sciences. Archaeologists and anthropologists reconsidered the role of innovation in particular, and have moved toward characterizing innovation in cultural systems not only as a product but also as an evolutionary process. This distinction was familiar to biology but new to the social sciences; cultural evolutionists from the nineteenth to the twentieth century had tended to see innovation as a preprogrammed change that occurred when a cultural group "needed" to overcome environmental problems. In this volume, leading researchers from a variety of disciplines—including anthropology, archaeology, evolutionary biology, philosophy, and psychology—offer their perspectives on cultural innovation. The book provides not only a range of views but also an integrated account, with the chapters offering an orderly progression of thought.

The contributors consider innovation in biological terms, discussing epistemology, animal studies, systematics and phylogeny, phenotypic plasticity and evolvability, and Evo Devo; they discuss modern insights into innovation, including simulation, the random-copying model, diffusion, and demographic analysis; and they offer case studies of innovation from archaeological and ethnographic records, examining developmental, behavioral, and social patterns.

Contributors: André Ariew, R. Alexander Bentley, Werner Callebaut, Joseph Henrich, Anne Kandler, Kevin N. Laland, Daniel O. Larson, Alex Mesoudi, Michael J. O’Brien, Craig T. Palmer, Adam Powell, Simon M. Reader, Valentine Roux, Chet Savage, Michael Brian Schiffer, Jeffrey H. Schwartz, Stephen J. Shennan, James Steele, Mark G. Thomas, Todd L. VanPool

Vienna Series in Theoretical Biology

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Michael J. O'Brien, Stephen J. Shennan - Innovatio n in Cultural Systems, Contributions from Evolutio nary Anthropolog (2009).pdf

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Ann E. Killebrew - Biblical Peoples And Ethnicity, An Archaeological Study of Egyptians, Canaanites, Philistines, And Early Israel 1300-1100 B.C.E. (2 005).jpg

All History - Ann E. Killebrew - Biblical Peoples And Ethnicity, An... Philistines, And Early Israel 1300-1100 B.C.E. 2005.jpg

Ancient Israel did not emerge within a vacuum but rather came to exist alongside various peoples, including Canaanites, Egyptians, and Philistines. Indeed, Israel's very proximity to these groups has made it difficult - until now - to distinguish the archaeological traces of early Israel and other contemporary groups. Through an analysis of the results from recent excavations in light of relevant historical and later biblical texts, this book proposes that it is possible to identify these peoples and trace culturally or ethnically defined boundaries in the archaeological record. Features of late second-millennium B.C.E. culture are critically examined in their historical and biblical contexts in order to define the complex social boundaries of the early Iron Age and reconstruct the diverse material world of these four peoples. Of particular value to scholars, archaeologists, and historians, this volume will also be a standard reference and resource for students and other readers interested in the emergence of early Israel.

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Ann E. Killebrew - Biblical Peoples And Ethnicity, An Archaeological Study of Egyptians, Canaanites, Philistines, And Early Israel 1300-1100 B.C.E. (2 005).pdf

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Margaret Pawley - The Watch on the Rhine, The Mili tary Occupation of the Rhineland (2008).jpg

The Rhineland, scene of European conflict for generations, remained an intensely contentious area following the end of the hostilities of World War I. Under the Treaty of Versailles the Rhineland remained German but was to be occupied by Allied troops for fifteen years -- a controversial and uncomfortable situation which inevitably caused great friction between rival European powers. The Watch on the Rhine deals with this eventful period of German history and the actions of the Inter-Allied Rhineland High Commission, which was set up to administer the Allied Armies from its headquarters at Koblenz. Drawing on personal memories of her own years spent in the British zone and on the Annual Reports of the Commission, in which her father played a prominent part, Margaret Pawley provides a unique insider view of the work of the Commission up to its disbandment. She vividly evokes the atmosphere of growing resentment at the continuing occupation of German soil and the rise of Hitler that was to lead inexorably to his re-militarisation of the Rhineland in 1936. The Watch on the Rhine is the first book to examine fully the contributions of all four occupying forces and offers a compelling and comprehensive history of a critical phase of European history.

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P. M. Michele Daviau, John William Wevers, Michael Weigl - The World of the Aramaeans I, Studies in History and Archaeology in Honour of Paul-Eugene D ion (2001).jpg

All History - P. M. Michele Daviau, John William Wevers, Michael We...y and Archaeology in Honour of Paul-Eugene Dion 2001.jpg

The World of the Aramaeans is a three-volume collection of definitive essays about the Aramaeans and the biblical world of which they were a part The World of the Aramaeans is a three-volume collection of definitive essays about the Aramaeans and the biblical world of which they were a part. Areas of interest include the language, epigraphy and history of the Aramaeans of Syria as well of their neighbours, the Israelites, Phoenicians, Ammonites, Moabites and Edomites. The second volume, devoted to history and archaeology, includes contributions by Brian Peckham, Wolfgang Rollig, Carl S. Ehrlich, Guy Couturier, Stafania Mazzoni, Timothy P. Harrison, Michael Heltzer, John S. Holladay Jr., Michele Daviau, Paolo Xella, Emile Puech, Piotr Bienkowski, Bezalel Porten and John Gee.

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P. M. Michele Daviau, John William Wevers, Michael Weigl - The World of the Aramaeans I, Studies in History and Archaeology in Honour of Paul-Eugene D ion (2001).pdf

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P. M. Michele Daviau, John William Wevers, Michael Weigl - The World of the Aramaeans II, Studies in History and Archaeology in Honour of Paul-Eugene Dion (2001).jpg

All History - P. M. Michele Daviau, John William Wevers, Michael We...ry and Archaeology in Honour of Paul-Eugene Dion 2001.jpg

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P. M. Michele Daviau, John William Wevers, Michael Weigl - The World of the Aramaeans II, Studies in History and Archaeology in Honour of Paul-Eugene Dion (2001).pdf

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P. M. Michele Daviau, John William Wevers, Michael Weigl - The World of the Aramaeans III, Studies i n Language and Literature in Honour of Paul-Eugene Dion (2001).jpg

All History - P. M. Michele Daviau, John William Wevers, Michael We...ge and Literature in Honour of Paul-Eugene Dion 2001.jpg

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P. M. Michele Daviau, John William Wevers, Michael Weigl - The World of the Aramaeans III, Studies i n Language and Literature in Honour of Paul-Eugene Dion (2001).pdf

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Shihan de Silva Jayasuriya - The Portuguese in the East, A Cultural History of a Maritime Trading Em pire (2008).jpg

All History - Shihan de Silva Jayasuriya - The Portuguese in the Ea... A Cultural History of a Maritime Trading Empire 2008.jpg

Vasco da Gama’s voyage to India in the late 15th Century opened up new economic and cultural horizons for the Portuguese. At the height of Portugal’s maritime influence, it had created an oceanic state ranging from the Cape of Good Hope to China. While Portugal’s direct political influence in Asia was comparatively short-lived, its linguistic influence remains. Here Shihan de Silva Jayasuriya charts the influences of the Portuguese in more than fifty Asian tongues, illustrating the extent of Lusitanian links. Luso-Asian influence became engrained in eastern cultures in more subtle ways than other European empires which followed, such as the Portuguese oral traditions in folk literature, now embedded in postcolonial Asian music and song. These Portuguese cultural legacies are a lasting reminder of an unexpected outcome of seaborne commerce.

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Shihan de Silva Jayasuriya - The Portuguese in the East, A Cultural History of a Maritime Trading Em pire (2008).pdf

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