On 11 July 1302, below the town walls of Courtrai, the most splendid army of knights in Christendom, the flower of the French nobility, was utterly defeated by Flemish rebels, common workers and peasants. The French knights, products of a lifetime's training, were ably led; but so too were the Courtrai townspeople, in addition to being well-armed, and their victory, despite their lack of military skills (and golden spurs), put an end to the enduring myth of the invincibility of the knight. A French explanation of the terrible defeat was immediately given, intended to save the honour and pride of the French nobility; in Flanders the victory was glorified as a just reward for the bravery of the townsmen and the competence of their commanders. Unfortunately there were no impartial witnesses. Any account of the battle must therefore pay careful attention to the personalities of the chroniclers, their nationality, and their political and social leanings, as well as their personal sympathies. Verbruggen's study is prefaced by discussion of the problems of reconstruction and extensive consideration of the sources, showing the difficulties faced by medieval military historians in attempts to interpret them. He then offers his own account of the events of that dramatic day, a case study in the reconstruction of events in one of the greatest battles of the middle ages.J.F. VERBRUGGEN lectured at the Royal Military School in Brussels, and then taught in Africa, retiring as Professor of History, University of Congo, and University of Bujumbura (Burundi). He is also the author of The Art of Warfare in Western Europe. Originally published in Dutch in 1954, translated and updated.

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19,3 MB
10 wrz 18 22:03

J.F. Verbruggen - The Battle of the Golden Spurs ( Courtrai, 11 July 1302), A Contribution to the His tory of Flanders' War of Liberation, 1297-1305 (20 02).pdf

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Matthew Bennett - The Art of Warfare in Western Eu rope During the Middle Ages, From the Eighth Centu ry to 1340 (1997).jpg

All History - Matthew Bennett - The Art of Warfare in Western Europ...the Middle Ages, From the Eighth Century to 1340 1997.jpg

Warfare is one of the central themes of medieval history, but until recently its technical details and organisation have not been properly investigated. Professor Verbruggen's masterly work applies rigorous standards to the analyses of the often very obscure surviving evidence, and comes up with conclusions which are very different from those of earlier generations of military historians.
He begins by analysing the sources for our knowledge of the military history of the period, and assessing their reliability, going on to look at the constituent parts of the medieval army. He then turns to the way in which it was used, the vexed question of medieval tactics, which is explored by analysing accounts of a series of major battles. This leads on to the problems of strategy: whether to seek battle, fight a defensive war, or attempt a war of conquest. Throughout, there is rich detail in support of the argument, drawn from primary sources.
Professor Verbruggen's study has been acknowledged as the classic text on the subject since it first appeared in Dutch in 1954. This is the first appearance of the full text in English; ithas been revised in detail by the author in the light of recent scholarship. It remains an indispensable text for anyone interested in medieval warfare.

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25,7 MB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Matthew Bennett - The Art of Warfare in Western Eu rope During the Middle Ages, From the Eighth Centu ry to 1340 (1997).pdf

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130 KB
10 wrz 18 22:03

W. Augustus Stewart - The A.B.C. of war medals and decorations (1918).jpg

The ABC of war medals and decorations : being the history of the manner in which they were won, and a complete record of their award, their characteristics, how they are named and how they are counterfeited.

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58,6 MB
10 wrz 18 22:03

W. Augustus Stewart - The A.B.C. of war medals and decorations (1918).pdf

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Seymour Drescher - The Mighty Experiment, Free Lab or versus Slavery in British Emancipation (2002).jpg

By the mid-eighteenth century, the transatlantic slave trade was considered to be a necessary and stabilizing factor in the capitalist economies of Europe and the expanding Americas. Britain was the most influential power in this system which seemed to have the potential for unbounded growth. In 1833, the British empire became the first to liberate its slaves and then to become a driving force toward global emancipation. There has been endless debate over the reasons behind this decision. This has been portrayed on the one hand as a rational disinvestment in a foundering overseas system, and on the other as the most expensive per capita expenditure for colonial reform in modern history. In this work, Seymour Drescher argues that the plan to end British slavery, rather than being a timely escape from a failing system, was, on the contrary, the crucial element in the greatest humanitarian achievement of all time. The Mighty Experiment explores how politicians, colonial bureaucrats, pamphleteers, and scholars taking anti-slavery positions validated their claims through rational scientific arguments going beyond moral and polemical rhetoric, and how the infiltration of the social sciences into this political debate was designed to minimize agitation on both sides and provide common ground. Those at the inception of the social sciences, such as Adam Smith and Thomas Malthus, helped to develop these tools to create an argument that touched on issues of demography, racism, and political economy. By the time British emancipation became legislation, it was being treated as a massive social experiment, whose designs, many thought, had the potential to change the world. This study outlines the relationship of economic growth to moral issues in regard to slavery, and will appeal to scholars of British history, nineteenth century imperial history, the history of slavery, and those interested in the history of human rights.

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1,1 MB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Seymour Drescher - The Mighty Experiment, Free Lab or versus Slavery in British Emancipation (2002).pdf

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86 KB
10 wrz 18 22:03

John R. Elting - Napoleonic Uniforms Volume III (2 000).jpg

Uniforms of vassals and allies.

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102,1 MB
10 wrz 18 22:03

John R. Elting - Napoleonic Uniforms Volume III (2 000) [PDF].rar

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129 KB
10 wrz 18 22:03

John R. Elting - Napoleonic Uniforms Volume IV (20 00).jpg

Uniforms of vassals and allies. Uniforms of enemies.

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109,2 MB
10 wrz 18 22:03

John R. Elting - Napoleonic Uniforms Volume IV (20 00) [PDF].rar

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492 KB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Ann Hughes - Gangraena and the Struggle for the En glish Revolution (2004).jpg

This meticulously researched and wide-ranging book is the first comprehensive study of Thomas Edwards's Gangraena, probably the most important printed work of the English revolution. It provides a vivid account of the printed polemic of the revolution and its place in the religious and political mobilisation of the mid-1640s. Hughes's book is a contribution to the history of Presbyterianism, of London, of parliamentarian fragmentation, and of reading during the revolution. It combines the new `history of the book' with a concern for politics and religion during the crisis of the English revolution.

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Malcoln Brown, Patricia Meehan - Scapa Flow, The R eminiscences Of Men And Women Who Served In Scapa Flow In The Two World Wars (2008).jpg

All History - Malcoln Brown, Patricia Meehan - Scapa Flow, The Remi...n Who Served In Scapa Flow In The Two World Wars 2008.jpg

This title covers the memories of the men and women who served at or around the Royal Navy's famous anchorage in the Orkney Islands in both world wars, first published in 1968. Ships sailed from Scapa Flow to the Battle of Jutland in the First World War and in Russian convoys in the Second. This book looks at the home of the British Grand Fleet in the First World War, and watery grave of German Fleet.It includes the voices from two world wars, of the men who served on big and small ships who manned lonely batteries, and of the Wrens and other servicewomen who were stationed there: the miseries of the journey north, the sea-sickness on the Pentland Firth crossing, the bleak isolation of Scapa, its implacable winds and glorious sunsets, the camaraderie and good humour.Also described is the loss of the Hampshire, with Kitchener aboard, in 1916, and the explosion that destroyed the Vanguard and over 700 men with her. In 1939 a German submarine slipped into Scapa Flow and destroyed the Royal Oak at anchor. But the main action of the war was seen on Russian convoys.

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107,8 MB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Malcoln Brown, Patricia Meehan - Scapa Flow, The R eminiscences Of Men And Women Who Served In Scapa Flow In The Two World Wars (2008).pdf

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249 KB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Louis-Gabriel Suchet-Marshal Duke D'Albufera - Mem oirs of the War in Spain from 1808 to 1814, 2 volu mes (1829).jpg

Louis-Gabriel Suchet, Marshal Duke D'Albufera. Memoirs of the War in Spain from 1808 to 1814, in two volumes.
Although self-serving and often unreliable, this remains an important source for the French campaigns in the eastern half of the Peninsula, by the only French officer to win a baton in Spain.

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27,1 MB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Louis-Gabriel Suchet-Marshal Duke D'Albufera - Mem oirs of the War in Spain from 1808 to 1814, 2 volu mes (1829) [PDF x 2].rar

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267 KB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Clive Gamble - Origins and Revolutions, Human Iden tity in Earliest Prehistory (2007).jpg

In this innovative study Clive Gamble presents and questions two of the most famous descriptions of change in prehistory. The first is the 'human revolution', when evidence for art, music, religion and language first appears. The second is the economic and social revolution of the Neolithic period. Gamble identifies the historical agendas behind 'origins research' and presents a bold new alternative to these established frameworks, relating the study of change to the material basis of human identity. He examines, through artefact proxies, how changing identities can be understood using embodied material metaphors and in two major case-studies charts the prehistory of innovations, asking, did agriculture really change the social world? This is an important and challenging book that will be essential reading for every student and scholar of prehistory.

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10 wrz 18 22:03

James Krippner-Martnez - Rereading the Conquest, P ower, Politics, and the History of Early Colonial Michoacan, Mexico, 1521-1565 (2001).jpg

All History - James Krippner-Martnez - Rereading the Conquest, Powe...y of Early Colonial Michoacan, Mexico, 1521-1565 2001.jpg

"Rereading the Conquest is a charmingly written account of the relatively neglected area of Michoacán, not far from the Nahua-speaking regions geographically but distant from them in cultural terms. Krippner-Martínez's work should appeal to anyone interested in understanding the complexities of conversion in the sixteenth-century Americas and will be especially valuable to those interested in reading an intellectual engagement with the leading Catholic intellectuals of Latin America." --Patricia Seed, Rice University
Combining social history with literary criticism, James Krippner-Martínez shows how a historiographically sensitive rereading of contemporaneous documents concerning the sixteenth-century Spanish conquest and evangelization of Michoacán, and of later writings using them, can challenge traditional celebratory interpretations of missionary activity in early colonial Mexico.
The book offers a fresh look at religion, politics, and the writing of history by employing a poststructuralist method that engages the exclusions as well as the content of the historical record. The moments of doubt, contradiction, and ambiguity thereby uncovered lead to deconstructing a coherent conquest narrative that continues to resonate in our present age. Part I, "The Politics of Conquest," deals with primary sources compiled from 1521 to 1565. Krippner-Martínez here examines the execution of Cazonci, the indigenous ruler of Michoacán, as recounted in the trial record produced by his executioners; explores the missionary-Indian encounter as revealed in the Relación de Michoacán; and assesses the writings of Michoacán's first bishop, the legendary Vasco de Quiroga, and their complex interplay of authoritarian paternalism and reformist hope. Part II, "Reflections," looks at how the memory of these historical figures is represented in later eras. A key text for this discussion is the Crónica de Michoachán, written in the late eighteenth century by the Franciscan intellectual Pablo de Beaumont.
Krippner-Martínez concludes with a critique of the debate that initiated his investigation--the controversy between Latin Americans and Europeans over the colonialist legacy, beginning with the Latin American Bishops Conference in 1992.

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11,0 MB
10 wrz 18 22:03

James Krippner-Martnez - Rereading the Conquest, P ower, Politics, and the History of Early Colonial Michoacan, Mexico, 1521-1565 (2001).pdf

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Martin Daunton - Just Taxes, The Politics of Taxat ion in Britain, 1914-1979 (2002).jpg

This original work explores the politics of British taxation in the twentieth century. By 1979, taxes were taken from almost half of the total national income, and contributed to the political rise of Margaret Thatcher. But the level of taxation had risen from 10% in 1914 to about 25% between the wars, without provoking serious discontent (as in other European countries). It also grew again during the Second World War. This study explores the reasons that the earlier tax increases were accepted, and not those of 1979.

• Helps explain the emergence of Margaret Thatcher and the structure of the British state • Offers a comparative study of twentieth-century Britain in a European and Atlantic context • On the politics of taxation in the twentieth century

Contents
List of figures; List of tables; Preface; List of abbreviations; 1. The taxing state: an introduction; 2. 'The limits of our taxable capacity': war finance, 1914–1918; 3. 'This hideous war memorial': debt and taxation, 1918–1925; 4. 'Adjusting the particular turns of the different screws': reforming the income tax, 1920–1929; 5. 'The great conflict of modern politics': redistribution, depression and appeasement, 1929–1939; 6. 'The exigency of war': taxation and the Second World War, 1939–1945; 7. 'The mortal blows of taxation': Labour and reconstruction, 1945–1951; 8. 'A most injurious disincentive in our economic system': Conservatives and taxation, 1951–1964; 9. 'Modern and dynamic economic policy': Labour and taxation, 1951–1970; 10. Rethinking taxation policy: from an opportunity state to an enterprise society, 1964–1979; 11. 'Highly defensible ramparts': the politics of local taxation; 12. Conclusion; Appendix: chancellors of the Exchequer and prime ministers, 1908–1983; Bibliography; Index.

Reviews
‘Daunton’s fine study … makes an important contribution to understanding the background to the political economy of Thatcherism.’ Roger Middleton, Times Higher Education Supplement

‘Just Taxes is a book rich in detail and argument that requires careful reading: Daunton’s lucid writing makes that possible.’ Juliet Gardiner, History Today

'… an effective and sobering account … a very important and surprisingly accessible book, in which Daunton explains complex issues very well.' Andrew Thorpe, University of Exeter, , History

‘Just Taxes: The Politics of Taxation in Britain, 1914–1979 is a pioneering, uncompromisingly high-minded survey that, in conjunction with its predecessor volume Trusting Leviathan: The Politics of Taxation in Britain, 1799–1914 goes a long way towards fulfilling Daunton’s aim of at last placing taxation squarely at the centre of modern British history.’ Times Literary Supplement

‘This is a book worth buying …’ The Economic History Review

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Robert Travers - Ideology and Empire in Eighteenth -Century India, The British in Bengal (2007).jpg

Robert Travers' analysis of British conquests in late eighteenth-century India shows how new ideas were formulated about the construction of empire. After the British East India Company conquered the vast province of Bengal, Britons confronted the apparent anomaly of a European trading company acting as an Indian ruler. Responding to a prolonged crisis of imperial legitimacy, British officials in Bengal tried to build their authority on the basis of an 'ancient constitution', supposedly discovered among the remnants of the declining Mughal Empire. In the search for an indigenous constitution, British political concepts were redeployed and redefined on the Indian frontier of empire, while stereotypes about 'oriental despotism' were challenged by the encounter with sophisticated Indian state forms. This highly original book uncovers a forgotten style of imperial state-building based on constitutional restoration, and in the process opens up new points of connection between British, imperial and South Asian history.

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10 wrz 18 22:03

G. C. Peden - Arms, Economics and British Strategy , From Dreadnoughts to Hydrogen Bombs (2007).jpg

This book integrates strategy, technology and economics and presents a new way of looking at twentieth-century military history and Britain's decline as a great power. G. C. Peden explores how from the Edwardian era to the 1960s warfare was transformed by a series of innovations, including dreadnoughts, submarines, aircraft, tanks, radar, nuclear weapons and guided missiles. He shows that the cost of these new weapons tended to rise more quickly than national income and argues that strategy had to be adapted to take account of both the increased potency of new weapons and the economy's diminishing ability to sustain armed forces of a given size. Prior to the development of nuclear weapons, British strategy was based on an ability to wear down an enemy through blockade, attrition (in the First World War) and strategic bombing (in the Second), and therefore power rested as much on economic strength as on armaments.

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Richard Kenneth Emmerson, Sandra Clayton-Emmerson - Key Figures in Medieval Europe (2009).jpg

Entries fall under the following categories:

* Artists/Architects
* Authors
* Commercial Figures
* Musicians
* Political Figures
* Religious Figures
* Scientific Figures
* Travelers
* Women

In one convenient volume, students, scholars, and interested readers will find the biographies of the people whose actions, beliefs, creations, and writings shaped the Middle Ages, one of the most fascinating periods of world history.

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10,5 MB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Richard Kenneth Emmerson, Sandra Clayton-Emmerson - Key Figures in Medieval Europe (2009).pdf

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Ross Whitehead - Buckles, 1250-1800 (1996).jpg

With over 800 illustrations this book is intended to help with the identification of buckles which are by far the largest category of medieval and post medieval dress accessory to survive. The author has sought to obtain a balance between common and rare, plain and decorated buckles. Each chapter covers the development of a particular group of buckles based on the shape of the frame.

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39,9 MB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Ross Whitehead - Buckles, 1250-1800 (1996).pdf

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Li Liu - The Chinese Neolithic, Trajectories to Ea rly States (2007).jpg

The Yellow River valley of China, during the period ca. 7000-1500, saw the transformation of egalitarian societies into stratified chiefdoms giving rise to early states. This book examines that transformation, emphasizing the interplay of many factors affecting these processes, such as climatic fluctuation, population movements, inter-group competition, warfare, and long-distance exchange of valuables.

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Nicola Di Cosmo - Ancient China and its Enemies, T he Rise of Nomadic Power in East Asian History (20 04).jpg

This comprehensive history of the northern frontier of China through the first millennium B.C. details the formation of two increasingly distinct cultural areas: the sedentary Chinese and the northern nomads. Nicola Di Cosmo explores the tensions existing between these two worlds as they became progressively more polarized, with the eventual creation of the nomadic Hsiung-nu empire in the north, and of the Chinese empire in the south. Di Cosmo investigates the origins of the antagonism between early China and its "barbarian" neighbors.

Review
"Throughout the second century B.C., the world of East Asia was divided between two great superpowers, the Han Chinese and the Hsiung-nu, facing off against each other sometimes peaceably and sometimes antagonistically. In Ancient China and Its Enemies, Nicola Di Cosmo provides a magisterial survey of the rise of the lesser known of these two powers, the nomadic Hsiung-nu. This book is invaluable not only for understanding the relations between ancient China and its major enemy, but also for understanding either of the powers individually." Edward Shaughnessy, University of Chicago

"...the author deserves praise and gratitude for producing and invaluable piece of work. This book is a masterpiece of scholarship. It will rank as an indispensable tool for anyone studying foreign relationships in ancient China and beyond for years to come." Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies

"...I am certain that anthropologists, political scientists, and others will find much here of interest. Di Cosmo writes well and offers fascinating anecdotes at just the right times." History

"...a carefully researched and superbly presented history of the northern frontier of China from 900 to 100 B.C...a fascinating, detailed, scholarly, and very strongly recommended historical survery and analysis." Library Bookwatch

"This outstanding work of scholarship demonstrates a magisterial command of the sources, asks important questions, and provides measured, finely nuanced answers."
Peter B. Golden, The International History Review

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Istvan Deak - Beyond Nationalism, A Social and Pol itical History of the Habsburg Officer Corps, 1848 -1918 (1990).jpg

All History - Istvan Deak - Beyond Nationalism, A Social and Politi...istory of the Habsburg Officer Corps, 1848-1918 1990.jpg

In the last seventy years of its long and distinguished existence, the Habsburg monarchy was plagued by the forces of rising nationalism. Still, it preserved domestic peace and provided the conditions for social, economic, and cultural progress in a vast area inhabited by eleven major nationalities and almost as many confessional groups. This study investigates the social origin, education, training, code of honor, lifestyle, and political role of the Habsburg officers. Simultaneously conservative and liberal, the officer corps, originally composed mainly of noblemen, willingly coopted thousands of commoners--among them an extraordinary number of Jews. Even during World War I, the army and its officers endured, surviving the dissolution of the state in October 1918, if only by a few days. The end of the multinational Habsburg army also marked the end of confessional and ethnic tolerance in Central and East Central Europe.

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