Philip II is a fascinating and enigmatic figure in Spanish history, but it was his letrados--professional bureaucrats and ministers trained in law--who made his vast castilian empire possible. In Juan de Ovando, Stafford Poole traces the life and career of a key minister in the king's government to explore the role that letrados played in Spanish society as they sought to displace the higher nobility in the administration through a system based upon merit.
Juan de Ovando was an industrious, discerning, and loyal servant, yet, like all letrados, he owed his position to royal favor. Ovando began his career as an ecclesiastical judge and inquisitor in Seville. From there, at the king's order, he undertook the reform of the University of Alcal½ de Henares, one of his most enduring achievements. Appointed then to the supreme council of the Spanish Inquisition, Ovando was commissioned to investigate the Council of the Indies, over which he eventually presided. In this role, Ovando began codifying laws and collecting information about Spain's overseas possessions through the famed Relaciones geogr½ficas--wide-ranging surveys of daily life in the New World. He devised long-term and forward-looking colonial policies for New Spain while, also serving as president of the Council of Finance, he sought to bring order to Spain's chaotic financial situation.
Poole's biography of Juan de Ovando provides an intimate view of the day-to-day influence letrados wielded over the Spanish colonial machine.

zachomikowany

1,5 MB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Stafford Poole - Juan De Ovando, Governing the Spa nish Empire in the Reign of Philip II (2004).pdf

zachomikowany

138 KB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Miles Taylor - Southampton, Gateway to the British Empire (2007).jpg

Using the lens of empire, Miles Taylor looks at the modern history of Southampton. He examines some of the international celebrities associated with the region such as David Livingstone, Lord Carnarvon and General Gordon, as well as the city itself during times of conflict, from Napoleonic to the world wars, that defined Britain's imperial period.

zachomikowany

5,6 MB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Miles Taylor - Southampton, Gateway to the British Empire (2007).pdf

zachomikowany

156 KB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Clare A. Lees, Gillian R. Overing - A Place to Bel ieve in, Locating Medieval Landscapes (2006).jpg

Medievalists have much to gain from a thoroughgoing contemplation of place. If landscapes are windows onto human activity, they connect us with medieval people, enabling us to ask questions about their senses of space and place. In A Place to Believe In, Clare Lees and Gillian Overing bring together scholars of medieval literature, archaeology, history, religion, art history, and environmental studies to explore the idea of place in medieval religious culture. The essays in A Place to Believe In reveal places real and imagined, ancient and modern: Anglo-Saxon Northumbria (home of Whitby and Bede's monastery of Jarrow), Cistercian monasteries of late medieval Britain, pilgrimages of mind and soul in Margery Kempe, the ruins of Coventry Cathedral in 1940, and representations of the sacred landscape in today's Pacific Northwest. A strength of the collection is its awareness of the fact that medieval and modern viewpoints converge in an experience of place and frame a newly created space where the literary, the historical, and the cultural are in ongoing negotiation with the geographical, the personal, and the material. Featuring a distinguished array of scholars, A Place to Believe In will be of great interest to scholars across medieval fields interested in the interplay between medieval and modern ideas of place.

zachomikowany

4,9 MB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Clare A. Lees, Gillian R. Overing - A Place to Bel ieve in, Locating Medieval Landscapes (2006).pdf

zachomikowany

146 KB
10 wrz 18 22:03

H. V. Bowen - The Business of Empire, The East Ind ia Company and Imperial Britain, 1756-1833 (2008).jpg

This volume is the first detailed study of what happened in Britain when the East India Company acquired a vast territorial empire in South Asia. Drawing on a mass of hitherto unused material contained in the Company's administrative and financial records, the book offers a reconstruction of the inner workings of the Company as it made the remarkable transition from business to empire during the late-eighteenth century. Huw Bowen profiles the company's stock holders and directors and examines how those in London adapted their methods, working practices, and policies to changing circumstances in India.

Review
“Bowen's important argument in attractive prose belongs in all academic libraries.... Highly recommended.” -- Choice

"The Business of Empireprovides a rich and fascinating exploration of what H.V. Bowen modestly describes as the 'internal history' of the East India Company...The book offers a wealth of insights."
Douglas M. Peers, The International History Review

"...his approach is unprecedented and much needed...an excellent starting point from which others can explore these topics." --Woodruff D. Smith, University of Massachusetts: Journal of Interdisciplinary History

zachomikowany

58 KB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Hojjat Adeli - Historic Bridges, Evaluation, Prese rvation, and Management (2008).jpg

Historic Bridges:Evaluation, Preservation, and Management provides both an admiring and a technical account of bridge engineering through an exploration of several remarkable examples. From ancient China to modern-day Minnesota, the book discusses the history and structural evaluation of bridges, as well as their preservation, and restoration. With chapters written by renowned engineers, this unique resource

zachomikowany

14,1 MB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Hojjat Adeli - Historic Bridges, Evaluation, Prese rvation, and Management (2008).pdf

zachomikowany

164 KB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Lisa C. Breglia - Monumental Ambivalence, The Poli tics of Heritage (2006).jpg

From ancient Maya cities in Mexico and Central America to the Taj Mahal in India, cultural heritage sites around the world are being drawn into the wave of privatization that has already swept through such economic sectors as telecommunications, transportation, and utilities. As nation-states decide they can no longer afford to maintain cultural properties - or find it economically advantageous not to do so in the globalizing economy - private actors are stepping in to excavate, conserve, interpret, and represent archaeological and historical sites.But what are the ramifications when a multinational corporation, or even an indigenous village, owns a piece of national patrimony which holds cultural and perhaps sacred meaning for all the country's people, as well as for visitors from the rest of the world? In this ambitious book, Lisa Breglia investigates 'heritage' as an arena in which a variety of private and public actors compete for the right to benefit, economically and otherwise, from controlling cultural patrimony.She presents ethnographic case studies of two archaeological sites in the Yucatan Peninsula - Chichen Itza and Chunchucmil and their surrounding modern communities - to demonstrate how indigenous landholders, foreign archaeologists, and the Mexican state use heritage properties to position themselves as legitimate 'heirs' and beneficiaries of Mexican national patrimony. Breglia's research masterfully describes the 'monumental ambivalence' that results when local residents, excavation laborers, site managers, and state agencies all enact their claims to cultural patrimony. Her findings make it clear that informal and partial privatizations - which go on quietly and continually - are as real a threat to a nation's heritage as the prospect of fast-food restaurants and shopping centers in the ruins of a sacred site.

zachomikowany

2,9 MB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Lisa C. Breglia - Monumental Ambivalence, The Poli tics of Heritage (2006).pdf

zachomikowany

83 KB
10 wrz 18 22:03

P. Jeffrey Brantingham, Steven L. Kuhn, Kristopher W. Kerry - The Early Upper Paleolithic beyond Wes tern Europe (2004).jpg

All History - P. Jeffrey Brantingham, Steven L. Kuhn, Kristopher W....e Early Upper Paleolithic beyond Western Europe 2004.jpg

This volume brings together prominent archaeologists working in areas outside Western Europe to discuss the most recent evidence for the origins of the early Upper Paleolithic and its relationship to the origin of modern humans. With a wealth of primary data from archaeological sites and regions that have never before been published and discussions of materials from difficult-to-find sources, the collection urges readers to reconsider the process of modern human behavioral origins. Archaeological evidence continues to play a critical role in debates over the origins of anatomically modern humans. The appearance of novel Upper Paleolithic technologies, new patterns of land use, expanded social networks, and the emergence of complex forms of symbolic communication point to a behavioral revolution beginning sometime around 45,000 years ago. Until recently, most of the available evidence for this revolution derived from Western European archaeological contexts that suggested an abrupt replacement of Mousterian Middle Paleolithic with Aurignacian Upper Paleolithic adaptations. In the absence of fossil association, the behavioral transition was thought to reflect the biological replacement of archaic hominid populations by intrusive modern humans. The contributors present new archaeological evidence that tells a very different story: The Middle-Upper Paleolithic transitions in areas as diverse as the Levant, Eastern-Central Europe, and Central and Eastern Asia are characterized both by substantial behavioral continuity over the period 45,000-25,000 years ago and by a mosaic-like pattern of shifting adaptations. Together these essays will enliven and enrich the discussion of the shift from archaic to modern behavioral adaptations.

zachomikowany

7,1 MB
10 wrz 18 22:03

P. Jeffrey Brantingham, Steven L. Kuhn, Kristopher W. Kerry - The Early Upper Paleolithic beyond Wes tern Europe (2004).pdf

zachomikowany

114 KB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Peter J. Bloom - French Colonial Documentary, Myth ologies of Humanitarianism (2008).jpg

Despite altruistic goals, humanitarianism often propagates foreign, and sometimes unjust, power structures where it is employed. Tracing the visual rhetoric of French colonial humanitarianism, Peter J. Bloom’s unexpected analysis reveals how the project of remaking the colonies in the image of France was integral to its national identity.

French Colonial Documentary investigates how the promise of universal citizenship rights in France was projected onto the colonies as a form of evolutionary interventionism. Bloom focuses on the promotion of French education efforts, hygienic reform, and new agricultural techniques in the colonies as a means of renegotiating the social contract between citizens and the state on an international scale. Bloom’s insightful readings disclose the pervasiveness of colonial iconography, including the relationship between “natural man” and colonial subjectivity; representations of the Senegalese Sharpshooters as obedient, brave, and sexualized colonial subjects; and the appeal of exotic adventure narratives in the trans-Saharan film genre.

Examining the interconnection between French documentary realism and the colonial enterprise, Bloom demonstrates how the colonial archive is crucial to contemporary debates about multiculturalism in France.

zachomikowany

7,6 MB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Peter J. Bloom - French Colonial Documentary, Myth ologies of Humanitarianism (2008).pdf

zachomikowany

204 KB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Reinhard Siegmund-Schultze - Mathematicians Fleein g from Nazi Germany, Individual Fates and Global I mpact (2009).jpg

All History - Reinhard Siegmund-Schultze - Mathematicians Fleeing f...azi Germany, Individual Fates and Global Impact 2009.jpg

The emigration of mathematicians from Europe during the Nazi era signaled an irrevocable and important historical shift for the international mathematics world. Mathematicians Fleeing from Nazi Germany is the first thoroughly documented account of this exodus. In this greatly expanded translation of the 1998 German edition, Reinhard Siegmund-Schultze describes the flight of more than 140 mathematicians, their reasons for leaving, the political and economic issues involved, the reception of these emigrants by various countries, and the emigrants' continuing contributions to mathematics. The influx of these brilliant thinkers to other nations profoundly reconfigured the mathematics world and vaulted the United States into a new leadership role in mathematics research.

Based on archival sources that have never been examined before, the book discusses the preeminent emigrant mathematicians of the period, including Emmy Noether, John von Neumann, Hermann Weyl, and many others. The author explores the mechanisms of the expulsion of mathematicians from Germany, the emigrants' acculturation to their new host countries, and the fates of those mathematicians forced to stay behind. The book reveals the alienation and solidarity of the emigrants, and investigates the global development of mathematics as a consequence of their radical migration.

An in-depth yet accessible look at mathematics both as a scientific enterprise and human endeavor, Mathematicians Fleeing from Nazi Germany provides a vivid picture of a critical chapter in the history of international science.

zachomikowany

105 KB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Shelley Baranowski - The Sanctity of Rural Life, N obility, Protestantism, and Nazism in Weimar Pruss ia (1995).jpg

All History - Shelley Baranowski - The Sanctity of Rural Life, Nobi...ity, Protestantism, and Nazism in Weimar Prussia 1995.jpg

In this ground-breaking study, Shelley Baranowski not only explores how and why church-going Protestants in eastern Prussia turned to Nazism in large numbers, but also shows that the rural elite and the church propagated a myth of the stability, the wholesomeness, and the class-harmony--in short, the "sanctity"--of rural life, a myth that was a key component of Nazi propaganda that helped secure support for the Third Reich in rural areas. Of great interest to historians and students of the period as well as anyone interested in how a fringe radical movement gained wide popular support.

zachomikowany

18,2 MB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Shelley Baranowski - The Sanctity of Rural Life, N obility, Protestantism, and Nazism in Weimar Pruss ia (1995).pdf

zachomikowany

94 KB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Wolf Lepenies - The Seduction of Culture in German History (2006).jpg

During the Allied bombing of Germany, Hitler was more distressed by the loss of cultural treasures than by the leveling of homes. Remarkably, his propagandists broadcast this fact, convinced that it would reveal not his callousness but his sensitivity: the destruction had failed to crush his artist's spirit. It is impossible to begin to make sense of this thinking without understanding what Wolf Lepenies calls The Seduction of Culture in German History.
This fascinating and unusual book tells the story of an arguably catastrophic German habit--that of valuing cultural achievement above all else and envisioning it as a noble substitute for politics. Lepenies examines how this tendency has affected German history from the late eighteenth century to today. He argues that the German preference for art over politics is essential to understanding the peculiar nature of Nazism, including its aesthetic appeal to many Germans (and others) and the fact that Hitler and many in his circle were failed artists and intellectuals who seem to have practiced their politics as a substitute form of art.
In a series of historical, intellectual, literary, and artistic vignettes told in an essayistic style full of compelling aphorisms, this wide-ranging book pays special attention to Goethe and Thomas Mann, and also contains brilliant discussions of such diverse figures as Novalis, Walt Whitman, Leo Strauss, and Allan Bloom. The Seduction of Culture in German History is concerned not only with Germany, but with how the German obsession with culture, sense of cultural superiority, and scorn of politics have affected its relations with other countries, France and the United States in particular.

zachomikowany

153 KB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Gordon Noble - Neolithic Scotland, Timber, Stone, Earth and Fire (2006).jpg

Gordon Noble's analysis follows the Neolithic period in Scotland from around 4000 BC to the transformation of Neolithic society in the Early Bronze Age fifteen hundred years later. Synthesizing research from the past century, Noble suggests new directions for the interpretation of this elusive period.

zachomikowany

92 KB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Kameshwar C. Wali - Cremona Violins, A Physicist's Quest for Secrets of Stradivari (2010).jpg

This book contains a brief account of the history of Cremona violins - the rise and fall of the art that dominated over two centuries - and is primarily devoted to the physics behind the violin acoustics, specifically the research of William F "Jack" Fry over the past four decades and more. It chronicles his early research and the evolution of his ideas leading to a holistic approach to its acoustics, in sharp contrast to the conventional "reductionist" approach. With rare insights, he has come closer than anyone before in reproducing the sound of the great Italian masters. This historic achievement makes the book extremely valuable for violin makers, violin researchers, and young and aspiring violinists who would like to own excellent-sounding instruments with all the desirable characteristics of old instruments at affordable prices.

zachomikowany

4,5 MB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Kameshwar C. Wali - Cremona Violins, A Physicist's Quest for Secrets of Stradivari (2010).pdf

zachomikowany

121 KB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Colin Platt - Medieval England, A Social History and Archaeology from the Conquest to 1600 AD (1995 ).jpg

Medieval England provides a vital and fascinating historical context for medieval archaeology. The book is divided into seven periods, from the Norman Conquest in 1066 to the aftermath of the Black Death and finally up to 1600 and the reorientation of English society under the Tudors.
Colin Platt draws on evidence and sources from a wide range of locations and of different types to illustrate how people of all classes lived. He discusses, among other things, building, diet, disease, climate, popular taste, religious cults, industry, the relations between different between different classes and the distribution of wealth.

zachomikowany

16,2 MB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Colin Platt - Medieval England, A Social History and Archaeology from the Conquest to 1600 AD (1995 ).pdf

zachomikowany

25 KB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Dagmar Herzog - Brutality and Desire, War and Sexu ality in Europe's Twentieth Century (2009).jpg

'This wonderful book makes a powerful contribution to the history of Europe in the 20th century. With their complex and comparative treatment of wars -- from the Armenian genocide, to the Holocaust, colonization and decolonization, and the recent conflict in the Balkans -- these collected essays carefully historicize the meanings and modalities of sexualized violence and sexual desire. Together they brilliantly demonstrate the intimate and integral ties between the history of sexuality and the history of European war.' - Judith Surkis, Centre for European Studies, Harvard University, USA 'Scholars and instructors from a broad range of disciplines (European history, military history, gender studies, imperialism, racism) will be grateful for this path-breaking collection of essays that analyze the complex intersections of sexuality and war from the Armenian genocide to the Balkan Wars of the 1990s. By focusing not only on sexual violence but also on desire and the consensual sexuality made possible by the dislocation and anonymity of war, the authors of this fine book also provide an important history of both female and male sexuality during Europe's bloody century.' - Maria Hohn, Vassar College, USA 'Astonishing and unforgettable, this book is one of a kind. Its explorations into the taboo territory of sex and war span the 20th century, from Anatolia to Ethiopia, Auschwitz, Algeria, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and points between and beyond. These chapters are as remarkable for the deep particularity they exhibit in each case as for the powerful and urgently universal nature of the viciousness, pain, exhilaration, and desire they reveal. Dagmar Herzog has assembled a compelling, indeed, indisputable case for the inseparability of war and sex, in all their manifestations.' - Doris L. Bergen, University of Toronto, Canada 'This history of sexuality risks a great deal. It confronts the issue of sexual violence -- against women, against men, and against children. It also takes on desire and love or, in any case, consensual relationships in times of war. The book succeeds and may serve as a model for further explorations because it is based on remarkably thorough research and on prudence as well as good judgment in making sense of sexuality in times of war.' - Michael Geyer, University of Chicago, USA

zachomikowany

1,3 MB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Dagmar Herzog - Brutality and Desire, War and Sexu ality in Europe's Twentieth Century (2009).pdf

zachomikowany

114 KB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Erik N. Jensen - Body by Weimar, Athletes, Gender, and German Modernity (2010).jpg

In Body by Weimar, Erik N. Jensen shows how German athletes reshaped gender roles in the turbulent decade after World War I and established the basis for a modern body and modern sensibility that remain with us to this day. The same cutting-edge techniques that engineers were using to increase the efficiency of factories and businesses in the 1920s aided athletes in boosting the productivity of their own flesh and bones. Sportswomen and men embodied modernity-quite literally-in its most streamlined, competitive, time-oriented form, and their own successes on the playing fields seemed to prove the value of economic rationalization to a skeptical public that often felt threatened by the process. Enthroned by the media as culture's trendsetters, champions in sports such as tennis, boxing, and track and field also provided models of sexual empowerment, social mobility, and self-determination. They showed their fans how to be modern, and, in the process, sparked heated debates over the aesthetics of the body, the limits of physical exertion, the obligations of citizens to the state, and the relationship between the sexes. If the images and debates in this book strike readers as familiar, it might well be because the ideal body of today-sleek, efficient, and equally available to men and women-received one of its earliest articulations in the fertile tumult of Germany's roaring twenties. After more than eighty years, we still want the Weimar body.

zachomikowany

41 KB
10 wrz 18 22:03

et al Ahmad Abdel-Hamid Youssef - From Pharaoh's L ips, Ancient Egyptian Language in the Arabic of To day (2003).jpg

From the most distant past to the modern day, some things never change - including words. The modern Egyptian Arabic dialect is one of the most distinctive in the Arabic-speaking world precisely because of its illustrious heritage from the country's ancient past. Ahmad Abdel-Hamid Youssef spends a day in the Egyptian countryside, taking note of the many expressions that once fell from the lips of the ancient Egyptians and that continue to be heard on the tongues of the modern Egyptians in their everyday speech.

His charming tale of Bayoumi, a farmer, his wife Sawsan and their baby provides the backdrop for tracing the persistence of these words and phrases. What these average Egyptians do, what tools they use, what they eat, how they organize their life, even how they all interact - all can be described with words that hark back to the age of pharaohs such as Khufu and Rameses II. In telling his story, Youssef integrates the ancestry of these common expressions,! with the ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs and Coptic and Arabic words appearing alongside transliterations and translations into English. Both entertaining and instructive, this volume includes a series of glossaries in Egyptian, Coptic and Arabic.

About the Author
Ahmad Abdel-hamid Youssef is professor of Egyptology at al-Azhar University in Cairo. He has served as director-general of the Center of Documentation on Ancient Egypt and as vice-president of the Egyptian Antiquities Organization. Fayza Haikal is professor of Egyptology at the American University in Cairo and former president of the International Association of Egyptologists. Golo is a leading cartoonist whose drawings appear in both newspapers and art galleries. He illustrated Whatever Happened to the Egyptians? by Galal Amin (AUC Press, 2000).

zachomikowany

16,9 MB
10 wrz 18 22:03

et al Ahmad Abdel-Hamid Youssef - From Pharaoh's L ips, Ancient Egyptian Language in the Arabic of To day (2003).pdf

zachomikowany

« poprzednia strona następna strona »

Odtwórz folder
Pobierz folder
Zachomikuj folder

2281
3243
2
9

5710 plików
48,61 GB

bezpośredni link do folderu

Chomikowe rozmowy

rivavog891 napisano 4.04.2022 11:39

Super chomik

janoszka1971 napisano 29.05.2022 01:22

Najnowsze AUDIOBOOK´s zapraszam serdecznie

brzeska11 napisano 24.11.2022 15:39

Polecam, książki o Wikingach, archeologia,rekonstrukcja średniowiecza, bazy znalezisk, wczesne średniowiecze: Hedeby, Archeologia wikingów

moyade8805 napisano 27.01.2023 09:08

Super chomik

Batiar42 napisano 26.03.2023 23:14

Super chomik, wartościowe pozycje dla emeryta 84!

mona7551 napisano 27.11.2023 21:53

dzięki super zbiory zapraszam do siebie

Najlepszyy6979 napisano 28.12.2024 11:52

Zapraszam

MOONLIGHTNEO napisano 2.06.2025 05:20

FREE TRANSFER

Im więcej pobrań, tym więcej darmowego transferu możesz otrzymać!

magda.s3 napisano 15.09.2025 15:59

AUDIOBOOKI NOWOŚCI 2025 I HITY WYDAWNICZE EBOOKI różne formaty, NOWOŚCI, HITY, kryminał, reportaż, psychologia, psychiatria, thriller, klasyki gatunku, trudnodostępne perełki, zapraszam!