In 1842 the average life expectancy for a laborer in Liverpool was just 15 years. The condition of public health in Britain during the nineteenth century from poor sanitation, housing and nutrition resulted in repeated outbreaks of typhus and cholera and prompted the government to usher in an era of welfare and state intervention to improve the health of the nation. The establishment of the National Training School of Cookery in London in 1873 was part of this wave of reform. The school trained cookery teachers to be instructors in schools, hospitals and the armed services, replacing the nineteenth-century laissez-faire attitude to nutrition and forcing health and diet to become public issues. Here Yuriko Akiyama reveals for the first time how cookery came to be seen as an important part of medical care and diet, revolutionizing the nation’s health. She assesses the practical impact of nutrition in hospitals, schools and the military and explores the many challenges and struggles faced by those who undertook work to educate the nation in the complex areas of sanitation, medicine, food supply and general habits.

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A. Unger, A.P. Schniewind, W. Unger - Conservation of Wood Artifacts, A Handbook (2001).jpg

This handbook is the most comprehensive, up-to-date source of information on the history of wood conservation, on the structure and properties of wood, on organisms causing deterioration, on methods of diagnosis of wood condition, on materials and methods of wood preservation, on consolidation of deteriorated wood, and on wood adhesives. Although it provides many techniques of wood conservation in detail, it goes far beyond the scope of a "recipe book" by giving an overview of the use of particular materials and methods as they apply to dry as well as wet or waterlogged wood. Access to the enormous wealth of information is facilitated by separate indexes for trade names, pests, and conservation materials. The latter, together with their methods of application, were gathered from the literature and organized chronologically. For liquid preservatives, fumigants, and consolidants, these listings are preceded by important data on each of the materials.

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A. Unger, A.P. Schniewind, W. Unger - Conservation of Wood Artifacts, A Handbook (2001).pdf

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Matthew Spriggs - The Island Melanesians (1997).jpg

The Island Melanesians is the first book to focus on the inhabitants of the chain of archipelagoes stretching east and southeast of the large island of New Guinea - the Bismarcks, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and New Caledonia (Kanaky). The story of these people begins with the first settlement of the region over 30,000 years ago and continues with their mixed hunter-horticultural economy, developed over the next 25,000 years. Then came the sudden irruption of new colonists bringing a fully agricultural economy and domestic animals some 3500 years ago. These colonists, ancestors too of the Fijians and the Polynesians, were almost certainly the first humans to settle the previously empty islands in the southern archipelagoes of Vanuatu and New Caledonia. The author describes how the Austronesian languages of the colonists were adopted throughout Island Melanesia, while their genes became submerged through inter-marriage. Island Melanesia, he shows, is the product both of these two social and economic systems and of the most recent colonists, the Europeans. The Island Melanesians is a pioneering interpretation of the cultural evolution of this broad region. It analyses current social, political and environmental trends, highlights continuities and transformations, and it sets out the daunting challenges facing these varied and vibrant peoples as they enter the twenty-first century.

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Matthew Spriggs - The Island Melanesians (1997) [P DF].rar

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Susanne Sreedhar - Hobbes on Resistance, Defying t he Leviathan (2010).jpg

Hobbes’s political theory has traditionally been taken to be an endorsement of state power and a prescription for unconditional obedience to the sovereign’s will. In this book, Susanne Sreedhar develops a novel interpretation of Hobbes’s theory of political obligation and explores important cases where Hobbes claims that subjects have a right to disobey and resist state power, even when their lives are not directly threatened. Drawing attention to this broader set of rights, her comprehensive analysis of Hobbes’s account of political disobedience reveals a unified and coherent theory of resistance that has previously gone unnoticed and undefended. Her book will appeal to all who are interested in the nature and limits of political authority, the right of self-defense, the right of revolution, and the modern origins of these issues.

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J. E. Rehder - The Mastery and Uses of Fire in Ant iquity (2000).jpg

The material fabric of nearly all settled civilisations exists largely because of pyrotechnology - the generation, control, and application of the heat from fire to change the properties of materials. The technological achievements that make contemporary society possible, for instance, are the result of some ten thousand years of development of the intentional use of fire for other than warmth and food. Because pyrotechnology was considered a demeaning craft, there is very little about its practice in ancient texts; our knowledge of early developments is based almost entirely on interpretation of artefacts recovered by archaeology during the past century and a half. Literature in archaeology and anthropology, however, tends to concentrate on the artefact found rather than on how it was produced - on the pot or spearhead rather than the kiln or furnace. There is thus surprisingly little information on the practice and importance of pyrotechnology.

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J. E. Rehder - The Mastery and Uses of Fire in Ant iquity (2000).pdf

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Susan Dwyer Amussen - An Ordered Society, Gender a nd Class in Early Modern England (1994).jpg

Amussen's vivid account of family and village life in England from the reign of Elizabeth I to the accession of the Hanoverian monarchies describes the domestic economy of the rich and the poor; the processes of courtship, marriage, and marital breakdown; and the structure of power within the family and in rural communities.

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Marshall David Sahlins - How ''Natives'' Think. Ab out Captain Cook, For Example (1995).jpg

When Western scholars write about non-Western societies, do they inevitably perpetuate the myths of European imperialism? Can they ever articulate the meanings and logics of non-Western peoples? Who has the right to speak for whom? Questions such as these are among the most hotly debated in contemporary intellectual life. In How "Natives" Think, Marshall Sahlins addresses these issues head on, while building a powerful case for the ability of anthropologists working in the Western tradition to understand other cultures.

In recent years, these questions have arisen in debates over the death and deification of Captain James Cook on Hawai'i Island in 1779. Did the Hawaiians truly receive Cook as a manifestation of their own god Lono? Or were they too pragmatic, too worldly-wise to accept the foreigner as a god? Moreover, can a "non-native" scholar give voice to a "native" point of view? In his 1992 book The Apotheosis of Captain Cook, Gananath Obeyesekere used this very issue to attack Sahlins's decades of scholarship on Hawaii. Accusing Sahlins of elementary mistakes of fact and logic, even of intentional distortion, Obeyesekere portrayed Sahlins as accepting a naive, enthnocentric idea of superiority of the white man over "natives"--Hawaiian and otherwise. Claiming that his own Sri Lankan heritage gave him privileged access to the Polynesian native perspective, Obeyesekere contended that Hawaiians were actually pragmatists too rational and sensible to mistake Cook for a god.

Curiously then, as Sahlins shows, Obeyesekere turns eighteenth-century Hawaiians into twentieth-century modern Europeans, living up to the highest Western standards of "practical rationality." By contrast, Western scholars are turned into classic custom-bound "natives", endlessly repeating their ancestral traditions of the White man's superiority by insisting Cook was taken for a god. But this inverted ethnocentrism can only be supported, as Sahlins demonstrates, through wholesale fabrications of Hawaiian ethnography and history--not to mention Obeyesekere's sustained misrepresentations of Sahlins's own work. And in the end, although he claims to be speaking on behalf of the "natives," Obeyesekere, by substituting a home-made "rationality" for Hawaiian culture, systematically eliminates the voices of Hawaiian people from their own history.

How "Natives" Think goes far beyond specialized debates about the alleged superiority of Western traditions. The culmination of Sahlins's ethnohistorical research on Hawaii, it is a reaffirmation for understanding difference.

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Marshall David Sahlins - How ''Natives'' Think. Ab out Captain Cook, For Example (1995) [PDF].rar

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Gary Sheffield - War Studies Reader, From the Seve nteenth Century to the Present Day and Beyond (201 0).jpg

This is a broad ranging reader in the growing subject of War Studies. It includes respected contributors, with each chapter set out clearly and with contextual background. War Studies is an increasingly popular subject at degree, masters and doctorate level, as well as aspects of it being taught at A level. Here at last is a subject reader that will pre authoritative and thought provoking pieces of scholarship in an accessible form. Topics covered include Strategic Theory and the History of War (Daniel Moran), The Uses and Abuses of Clausewitz (Eric Alterman), Victory Misunderstood - what the Gulf War Tells Us About the Future of Conflict (Stephen Biddle), Early American Ways of War - 1600 - 1815 (John Shy) and Was the Civil War a Total War? (Mark Neeley). There is no accepted definition of War Studies for it is a particular blend of military history, international relations and contemporary security. Thus this reader purposefully gives broad coverage to the subject. Each topic is covered by one of two significant articles or book chapters with an introduction from the editor to pre context. There will also be a general introduction, explaining the growth and development of this area of study.

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Gary Sheffield - War Studies Reader, From the Seve nteenth Century to the Present Day and Beyond (201 0).pdf

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Allan Tulchin - That Men Would Praise the Lord, Th e Triumph of Protestantism in Nimes, 1530-1570 (20 10).jpg

That Men Would Praise the Lord breaks apart the process of mass conversion in the sixteenth century to explain why the Reformation occurred, using Nîmes, the most Protestant town in France, as a case study. Protestantism was overwhelmingly successful in Nîmes (since most people converted), but the process culminated in two bloody massacres of Nîmes's remaining Catholics. Beginning in 1559, Nîmes went through a revolutionary period comparable to 1789 in its intensity. Townspeople flocked to hear Protestant preachers and then took over Catholic churches, destroyed statues and stained glass, and zealously took part in the Wars of Religion, which convulsed France beginning in 1562. As the Protestant movement grew, it had to adapt to changing circumstances. Nîmes's first Protestants were attracted to Calvin's theology. Later converts believed that the Church needed to be cleansed of its excesses to encourage moral reform and to assist the treasury. Iin the end, many converted because of peer ure or under duress. Thus rather than argue that one factor - whether religious, economic, or political - explains the Reformation, Tulchin emphasizes that the Protestant movement was the result of compromises forged among its members. The conclusion extends his arguments to the rest of France.
That Men Would Praise the Lord marries techniques from the social sciences, anthropology, and cultural history in an analytic narrative, resulting in a new, interdisciplinary theory of the Reformation.

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Allan Tulchin - That Men Would Praise the Lord, Th e Triumph of Protestantism in Nimes, 1530-1570 (20 10).pdf

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John S. C. Abbott - Henry IV, Makers of History (2 009).jpg

History is our Heaven-appointed instructor. It is the guide for the future. The calamities of yesterday are the protectors of to-day.
The sea of time we navigate is full of perils. But it is not an unknown sea. It has been traversed for ages, and there is not a sunken rock or a treacherous sand-bar which is not marked by the wreck of those who have preceded us.
There is no portion of history fraught with more valuable instruction than the period of those terrible religious wars which desolated the sixteenth century. There is no romance so wild as the veritable history of those times. The majestic outgoings of the Almighty, as developed in the onward progress of our race, infinitely transcend, in all the elements of profoundness, mystery, and grandeur, all that man's fancy can create.
The cartoons of Raphael are beautiful, but what are they when compared with the heaving ocean, the clouds of sunset, and the pinnacles of the Alps? The dome of St. Peter's is man's noblest architecture, but what is it when compared with the magnificent rotunda of the skies?

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John S. C. Abbott - Henry IV, Makers of History (2 009).pdf

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Susan Tegel - Nazis and the Cinema (2007).jpg

Before the rise of television, the cinema was a key medium of entertainment and information. The Nazi regime, who inherited the largest film industry outside Hollywood, realised this clearly, with some of the most memorable images of Hitler and his party coming from Leni Riefenstahl's film The Triumph of the Will. Susan Tegel has written a comprehensive account of the films made in Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945, including the notorious feature film, Jüd Suss, and the compilation documentary Der Ewige Jude. She explores in detail how the film makers were controlled and used by the regime. She also examines other less well- known films featuring Jewish characters, including how their image differs from film to film. In such films she relates to the historical context, and in particular to government policies concerning the Jews. Newsreels and documentaries and their place within a cinema programme are discussed as are the two documentaries made in Theresienstadt under the SS rather than the Propaganda Ministry. She also looks at the industry itself, its reorganization, funding, the interventions of the Propaganda Ministry headed by Goebbels, the compromises which people had to make, the careerism and the dangers which some faced either of unemployment or worse.

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Susan Tegel - Nazis and the Cinema (2007).pdf

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Richard G. Hovannisian - The Armenian People from Ancient to Modern Times [2 Volumes Set] (1997).jpg

Armenia is a cradle of civilization situated on one of the world's most turbulent crossroads. This volume examines the question of Armenian origins and traces domestic and international relations, society and culture through the five dynastic periods, spanning nearly 2000 years. The challenge facing the Armenian people was to maintain as much freedom as possible under the shadow of powerful neighbouring empires. The adoption of Christianity had a permanent impact on the course of Armenian history and culture. These were the heroic, colourful, and harsh feudal centuries of Armenia.

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Daily Life Through History - Ivan P. Day - Cooking in Europe, 1650-1850 (2008).jpg

From the Baroque Era to the Victorian Era, 1650-1850, unprecedented changes took place in the food ways and dining habits of European society. This daily life aspect of history comes alive for students and food enthusiasts as they read and try out these recipes, most translated into English for the first time. There are nearly 200 recipes, organized overall by the mini-periods of the Baroque and Rococo Era, the Reign of Louis XV to the French Revolution, and the reign of Napoleon to the Victorian Era. Author Ivan Day, a renowned food historian who specializes in meticulous recreation of these amazing dishes for museum exhibitions, makes them accessible with clear explanations of techniques and unusual ingredients. Recipes include examples from France, Italy, England, Austria, Germany, Holland, Portugal, Spain, and Scotland, from the simple Salad of Pomegranate from La Varenne Careme's 1651 cookbook to the elaborate Boar's Head in Galantine of Careme's 1833 cookbook. This unique cookbook is a culinary treasure trove to complement all European History library collections.

As Day shows in his narrative and recipes, the principal theme in the story of food during the two centuries is the rapid spread of French fine cooking throughout Europe and its gradual percolation down the social scale. However, despite the domination of French cuisine at higher levels, most nations managed to cling proudly to their own indigenous traditions. A lively introduction explains the dramatic shift in culinary taste led by the exuberant creativity of French cooks. Cookbooks started to emerge from the Paris printing presses after a hundred years of silence. Numerous innovations completely transformed French cuisine and swept away all remnants of lingering medieval taste. There were new efficient cooking techniques for the kitchens of powerful and wealthy. For all, there were new ingredients from New World and new cooking mediums such as the mechanical spit and roasting ranges that made cooking cleaner and less back breaking. The recipes, each with a short explanation, are organized by type of dish. Categories include salads and cold dishes; soups; meat; poultry; fish and seafood; vegetables and fungi; eggs and dairy; sauces; savory pastries; starches, pastas, and legumes; breads and cakes; sweet pastries and puddings; fruit, nuts, and flower preserves; sweets and confections; jellies and ices; and drinks. Occasional sidebars offer period menus of, for example, elaborate feasts. A glossary and an appendix listing suppliers of equipment and ingredients are added features.

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Daily Life Through History - Ivan P. Day - Cooking in Europe, 1650-1850 (2008).pdf

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James Vernon - Hunger, A Modern History (2007).jpg

Hunger is as old as history itself. Indeed, it appears to be a timeless and inescapable biological condition. And yet perceptions of hunger and of the hungry have changed over time and differed from place to place. Hunger has a history, which can now be told.

At the beginning of the nineteenth century, hunger was viewed as an unavoidable natural phenomenon or as the fault of its lazy and morally flawed victims. By the middle of the twentieth century, a new understanding of hunger had taken root. Across the British Empire and beyond, humanitarian groups, political activists, social reformers, and nutritional scientists established that the hungry were innocent victims of political and economic forces outside their control. Hunger was now seen as a global social problem requiring government intervention in the form of welfare to aid the hungry at home and abroad. James Vernon captures this momentous shift as it occurred in imperial Britain over the past two centuries.

Rigorously researched, Hunger: A Modern History draws together social, cultural, and political history in a novel way, to show us how we came to have a moral, political, and social responsibility toward the hungry. Vernon forcefully reminds us how many perished from hunger in the empire and reveals how their history was intricately connected with the precarious achievements of the welfare state in Britain, as well as with the development of international institutions, such as the United Nations, committed to the conquest of world hunger. All those moved by the plight of the hungry will want to read this compelling book.

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James Vernon - Hunger, A Modern History (2007).pdf

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Peggy Saari, Aaron Saari - Renaissance and Reforma tion (6 Volume Set) (2002).jpg

The editors of Renaissance and Reformation have strived toward and succeeded in making a time of long ago more accessible to today's middle- and junior-high-school students. Coverage focuses on major events and individuals of European history between the mid-1300s and the early 1600s.
Vol.1-2 Renaissance and Reformation: Almanac provides a wide range of historical information on the period in European history between the mid-1300s and the early 1600s. The two-volume set explores both the Italian and Northern Renaissance as well as the Protestant and Catholic Reformations. Arranged in fourteen subject chapters, Renaissance and Reformation: Almanac includes topics such as the rise of European monarchies, Martin Luther and his role in the Protestant Reformation, Italian and Northern Renaissance culture, science during the Renaissance, education and training, women in Renaissance society, and daily life.
Vol.3-4 Renaissance and Reformation: Biographies presents the biographies of women and men relevant to the Renaissance and Reformation period in Europe. Among the fifty people profiled in each of the two volumes are artists, authors, religious leaders, musicians, scientists, and kings and queens who helped to define this ever-changing period in European history. Renaissance and Reformation: Biographies does not include only biographies of readily recognizable figures of the era, such as German religious leader and reformer Martin Luther, Italian artist Leonardo da Vinci, and English playwright William Shakespeare, but it also includes profiles of lesserknown people, such as Italian scholar Isotta Nogarla, the author of the first piece of feminist writing, and Jewish court official Isaac Abrabanel, who protested the persecution of Spanish Jews.
Vol. 5 Renaissance and Reformation: Primary Sources presents eighteen full or excerpted documents written by people who lived during the Renaissance and Reformation period. The autobiographical essays, diary entries, poems, trial testimonies, and letters in this volume reflect the experiences of religious reformers, world leaders, early scientists, authors, and artists. Some entries such as William Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice and Miguel de Cervantes’s Don Quixote display just some of the extensive literature and drama that was being written during the Renaissance period. Other excerpts, including Martin Luther’s “The Ninety-Five Theses” and Teresa de Ávila’s The Life of Teresa of Jesus, are meant to detail the causes of the Protestant Reformation and the experiences of people living through the Catholic Reformation.
Vol. 6 Cumulates Indexes

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Peggy Saari, Aaron Saari - Renaissance and Reforma tion (6 Volume Set) (2002) [PDF x 6].rar

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Barbara Sato, Rey Chow, Harry Harootunian, Masao M iyoshi - The New Japanese Woman, Modernity, Media , and Women in Interwar Japan (2003).jpg

All History - Barbara Sato, Rey Chow, Harry Harootunian, Masao Miyo..., Modernity, Media, and Women in Interwar Japan 2003.jpg

Presenting a vivid social history of “the new woman” who emerged in Japanese culture between the world wars, The New Japanese Woman shows how images of modern women burst into Japanese life in the midst of the urbanization, growth of the middle class, and explosion of consumerism resulting from the postwar economic boom, particularly in the 1920s. Barbara Sato analyzes the icons that came to represent the new urban femininity—the “modern girl,” the housewife, and the professional working woman. She describes how these images portrayed in the media shaped and were shaped by women’s desires. Although the figures of the modern woman by no means represented all Japanese women, they did challenge the myth of a fixed definition of femininity—particularly the stereotype emphasizing gentleness and meekness—and generate a new set of possibilities for middle-class women within the context of consumer culture.

The New Japanese Woman is rich in descriptive detail and full of fascinating vignettes from Japan’s interwar media and consumer industries—department stores, film, radio, popular music and the publishing industry. Sato pays particular attention to the enormously influential role of the women’s magazines, which proliferated during this period. She describes the different kinds of magazines, their stories and readerships, and the new genres the emerged at the time, including confessional pieces, articles about family and popular trends, and advice columns. Examining reactions to the images of the modern girl, the housewife, and the professional woman, Sato shows that while these were not revolutionary figures, they caused anxiety among male intellectuals, government officials, and much of the public at large, and they contributed to the significant changes in gender relations in Japan following the Second World War.

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Barbara Sato, Rey Chow, Harry Harootunian, Masao M iyoshi - The New Japanese Woman, Modernity, Media , and Women in Interwar Japan (2003).pdf

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C. Peter (ed.) Ripley, Debra Susie - The Black Abo litionist Papers, Vol. I, The British Isles, 1830- 1865 (1985).jpg

All History - C. Peter ed. Ripley, Debra Susie - The Black Abolitio...ist Papers, Vol. I, The British Isles, 1830-1865 1985.jpg

This five-volume documentary collection—culled from an international archival search that turned up over 14,000 letters, speeches, pamphlets, essays, and newspaper editorials—reveals how black abolitionists represented the core of the antislavery movement. While the first two volumes consider black abolitionists in the British Isles and Canada (the home of some 60,000 black Americans on the eve of the Civil War), the remaining volumes examine the activities and opinions of black abolitionists in the United States from 1830 until the end of the Civil War. In particular, these volumes focus on their reactions to African colonization and the idea of gradual emancipation, the Fugitive Slave Law, and the promise brought by emancipation during the war.

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C. Peter (ed.) Ripley, Debra Susie - The Black Abo litionist Papers, Vol. I, The British Isles, 1830- 1865 (1985).pdf

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ORAZ NOMINOWANI: NIE PATRZ W GÓRĘ, PSIE PAZURY, DIUNA, DRIVE MY CAR!

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Polecam, książki o Wikingach, archeologia,rekonstrukcja średniowiecza, bazy znalezisk, wczesne średniowiecze: Hedeby, Archeologia wikingów

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AUDIOBOOKI NOWOŚCI 2025 I HITY WYDAWNICZE EBOOKI różne formaty, NOWOŚCI, HITY, kryminał, reportaż, psychologia, psychiatria, thriller, klasyki gatunku, trudnodostępne perełki, zapraszam!

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