AMADEUS 7

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AMADEUS 8

AMADEUS 7

AMADEUS 6

AMADEUS 4.mp3

AMADEUS 3.mp3

AMADEUS O1.mp3

tsi 132. Rockingham, The Stamp Act, Hargreaves and Jenny.mp3

Stamp Act, Rockingham, Hargreaves and Jenny In the 1760s there was a growing sense of nationalism, it was felt that the fundamental principles of Englishness, that began with opposition to the Normans, had been abandoned. There was a feeling of anti-Scottishness, not helped by the unpopular Earl of Bute. Meanwhile the introduction of stamp duty on newspapers as well as legal documents in America was to lead to a debate about Britain's right to tax the colonies. Stamp duty did not last long, by the end of 1765 Rockingham repealing it. Rockingham forced through legislation that declared British sovereignty in America declaring that the colonists were subjects of the Crown and therefore liable to the Crown's laws including taxation. Many governors in America preferred not to impose taxes they could not enforce. The British Americans denied the authority of Parliament over the colonies but declared their loyalty to King and Empire.

tsi 122. Clive of India.mp3

What kind of man was Clive of India? The great empire of the Moguls was disintegrating, early in the 18th century the succession was disputed and peace broke down. The British and the French were rivals in India but commercial ones, they were interested in trading rather than gaining territories. Gradually trading became more difficult as the Indian territories fought each other. It became clear that India needed a new ruler. In 1746 the French took Madras. Clive, who had joined the East India Company's army as a Captain, set out to attack Arcot, the French headquarters in India. The French immediately returned, the struggle lasted 50 days and was finally won by the British. By 1752 Clive had defeated the French and placed Mahomet Ali, the British candidate, on the throne.

tsi 121. The Treaty of Serene and Potent Kings and Roa....mp3

It's the middle of the 18th century and the Whigs are fading fast. The war of Austrian Succession was over. France was tired. Frederick the Great had won Silesia. England was preoccupied with the Jacobite Rebellion. In London there was more concern for the National Debt than losing the war in Europe. The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapell was signed in 1748. The war was inconclusive, so was the treaty and within 8 years England would be at war again. By the middle of the 18th Century Britain's foreign interests were growing. Britain had territories stretching from India to the Americas. A strong foreign policy was required and not one based on traditional relations and animosities in Europe. England's first interest was now trade rather than political or military ambitions.

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