AMADEUS 2.mp3

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this sceptered isle 33.mp3

Coeur De Lion . Richard the Lionheart ruthlessly taxes the nation to fund his crusade to rescue the Holy Land from the infidel . Richard I, Coeur de Lion (the Lionheart) became King in 1189. He gained the crown by defeating his own father in battle. He rejected the peace efforts of the Pope and bishops and with the king of France. His first task was to free his mother, Eleanor of Aquitaine, and install her as his representative in England while he was settling his affairs in Normandy. Richard was forgiving. He made his peace with William the Marshal who was Henry's man and sent him to England to act on his behalf. William the Marshal married the heiress of Pembroke and thus became a powerful English baron. Richard made his brother, Geoffrey the Archbishop of York. To his youngest brother, John he gave lordships, castles and six entire counties, married him to Isabel of Gloucester and finally made him Lord of Ireland. Richard's first commitment was to the Third Crusade: to rescue the Holy Land from the infidel. To fund this trip he ruthlessly taxed the nation and sold every office possible including Scotland. As soon as Richard left for Saladin the scheming began.

this sceptered isle 46 Isabella and Mortimer.mp3

It's 1327 and Edward II has been killed, so Roger Mortimer takes control. Edward III gives his seven-year-old sister to Robert the Bruce's five-year-old son. In 1326 Isabella and Mortimer led a successful invasion of England and in 1327 Edward II abdicated in favour of his son who was crowned Edward III. Roger Mortimer governed until Edward III overthrew him in 1330. In 1328 Edward III, on the advice of Mortimer and Isabella, relinquished Scotland to the Scots. He gave his sister, Joan, to David, son of Robert the Bruce of Scotland. Joan was aged seven, David five. This caused outrage. Mortimer quarreled with the barons. He declared himself the Earl of March, the barons headed by Henry of Lancaster, said he had no right to do so and in 1328 Mortimer, taking Edward III, with him attacked the lands of Lancaster. The barons were in disorder and could not resist Mortimer. In 1330 Mortimer executed the Duke of Kent, the late king's half brother, for treason. This proved to the barons how dangerous Mortimer was. They backed Edward III and when Parliament sat in Nottingham in 1330 their chance had come. They arrested and executed Mortimer and imprisoned Isabella.

this sceptered isle 47 start of100 years war. Edward I....mp3

Edward III makes a claim to the throne of France, and the English win a great sea battle. Edward III's reign was taken up with wars against Scotland and France. He supported John Balliol against David II of Scotland. In 1332 Balliol invaded Scotland, David II went into exile and Balliol was crowned King at Scone but was driven back into England by the Scots. England's relations with the French were deteriorating not only because of their alliance with Scotland but because of their interference in the English/Flemish wool trade. In 1337 the One Hundred Years' War began. There was more to the war with France than the price of wool. Edward had made a claim to the throne of France after the death of Charles IV. Philip VI of France won succession and Edward put his claim aside. In 1337 Philip confiscated Gascony. Edward tried to negotiate but war seemed inevitable. In 1340 a great sea battle was won by the English. This was just the beginning of the war that would rage on and off for a century.

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