AMADEUS 2.mp3

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this sceptered isle 34 third crusade and death of the ....mp3

Duke Leopold of Austria sells Richard I to the Holy Roman Emperor, Henry VI, who demands a huge ransom. Richard I and other Princes of Europe buried their differences and journeyed to the Holy Land. It was a temporary truce indeed on his way home, in 1193, Richard was captured and imprisoned by one of those Princes, the Duke Leopold of Austria. Finally the Duke sold the king to the Holy Roman Emperor, Henry the Sixth who demanded a huge ransom, twice the annual revenue of the English Crown. The English peoples were taxed and taxed again and Richard finally returned home on 13th March 1194. He had to leave almost immediately to defend his territories in France against his brother, John and Philip Augustus II of France. He left England in the care of Hubert Walter, Archbishop of Canterbury and chief justice. Richard I never returned to England, he died trying to win treasure in order to continue the defence of his French territories. On his deathbed he declared John, his brother, as his heir.

this sceptered isle 35 bad king john and loss of Normandy.mp3

John imprisons and murders his nephew Arthur, Prince of Brittany. In 1199 John claimed the dukedom of Normandy and then the crown of England. Arthur, prince of Brittany, John's nephew, was the only possible challenge. England chose John. The French chose Arthur. The northern provinces of France now felt a unity with the kingdom of France rather than England. John returned to France to find his lands had been given to Arthur. He immediately declared war on Arthur and surprised him at Mirebeau. Arthur's died while being held prisoner by John in 1203. The Bretons were outraged by the murder of their duke. The French united against John, who returned to England at the end of 1203 allowing Philip to claim all his French territories leaving. In England Hubert Walter, Archbishop of Canterbury died. The Pope chose Cardinal Stephen Langton to replace him. John declared the Pope had no right to choose and seized Church lands. The Pope served England with an interdict. The whole country was excommunicated. Finally John offered to make England a fief of the Papacy and do homage to the Pope. The Pope leapt at this chance and forgave John. The English barons were outraged. Even Stephen Langton the Archbishop of Canterbury felt that the English Church would now be exploited by Rome. The time had come for the Magna Carta.

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