Nobel laureate Robert Fogel's compelling new study examines health, nutrition and technology over the last three centuries and beyond. Throughout most of human history, chronic malnutrition has been the norm. During the past three centuries, however, a synergy between improvements in productive technology and in human physiology has enabled humans to more than double their average longevity and to increase their body size by over fifty percent. Larger, healthier humans have contributed to the acceleration of economic growth and technological change, resulting in reduced economic inequality, declining hours of work and a corresponding increase in leisure time. Increased longevity has also brought increased demand for health care. Fogel argues that health care should be viewed as the growth industry of the twenty-first century and systems of financing it should be reformed. His book will be essential reading for all those interested in economics, demography, history and health care policy.

A professor at the University of Chicago, Robert William Fogel has taught at the University of Rochester, Cambridge University, and Harvard University. He has received numerous awards and prizes for his work, including the Arthur C. Cole Prize (1968), the Schumpeter Prize (1971), the Bancroft Prize (1975), the Gustavus Myers Prize (1990), and the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Science (1993). Previous books include Without Consent or Contract: The Rise and Fall of American Slavery (W.W. Norton & Company, 1994) and The Fourth Great Awakening and the Future of Egalitarianism (The University of Chicago Press, 2000).

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The British Army, The Definitive History of the Tw entieth Century (2008).jpg

Created in close cooperation with the Imperial War Museum, this volume commemorates a century of British military service. The tour of duty begins with the Boer War and continues through today’s conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq. Riveting firsthand accounts and hundreds of rare photographs and illustrations bring the combat experiences of everyday British soldiers alive. One hundred years of weapons, armor, and tactics are explored, along with the great leaders such as Mountbatten and Montgomery. What really sets this book apart are the stories behind such battles as Gallipoli, Cassino, and Goose Green, which are recounted by the men who fought them; their extraordinary words exemplify the legendary gallantry and grit of the British fighting man.

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The British Army, The Definitive History of the Tw entieth Century (2008).pdf

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Wayne H. Bowen, Jose E. Alvarez - A Military Histo ry of Modern Spain, From the Napoleonic Era to the International War on Terror (2007).jpg

Historia2 - Wayne H. Bowen, Jose E. Alvarez - A Military History o...Napoleonic Era to the International War on Terror 2007.jpg

In the 19th and 20th centuries, Spain was a key player in the military conflagrations that created modern Europe. From the Napoleonic Wars, through the dress rehearsal for World War II that was the Spanish Civil War, to the grim struggle against terrorism today, the military history of modern Spain has both shaped and reflected larger forces beyond its borders. This volume traces the course of Spanish military history, primarily during the 20th century. Chapter 1 provides the foundation for the role of the Spanish Army at home (the War of Independence [Napoleonic War], the Carlist Wars, and pronunciamientos), abroad (Morocco, 1859-60), and as an instrument for Liberal reforms in Spain. Chapter 2 covers the period following the Spanish-American War as the Army redirected its focus to the Spanish Protectorate in northern Morocco. This chapter covers the Rif Rebellion (1921-27), the dictatorship of Miguel Primo de Rivera (1923-30) and concludes with the end of the monarchy and the establishment of the 2nd Republic in 1931. Chapters 3 and 4 present the two armies of the Spanish Civil War, as well as their relationship to the warring factions of Nationalists and Republicans. Chapter 5 looks at the Spanish Army during World War II on the Eastern Front (Russia), in its overseas colonies, as well as in Spain. De-colonialism is covered in chapter 6 as Spain, following the lead of the other European powers, began to shed itself of its African empire. Chapter 8 charts Spain's integration into the Western defense community in the 1950s, its membership in NATO, and its participation in peacekeeping and humanitarian missions in the Balkans and the Middle East. Chapter 9 focuses on Spain's struggle against terrorism, both the domestic Basques of ETA (Fatherland and Liberty) and the newer conflict against al-Qaeda and radical Islamic fundamentalism.

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Wayne H. Bowen, Jose E. Alvarez - A Military Histo ry of Modern Spain, From the Napoleonic Era to the International War on Terror (2007).pdf

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Ciro Paoletti - A Military History of Italy (2007).jpeg

This book follows Italy's military history from the late Renaissance through the present day, arguing that its leaders have consistently looked back to the power of Imperial Rome as they sought to bolster Italy's status and influence in the world. As early as the late 15th century, Italian city-states played important roles in European conflicts. After unification in 1861, the military would become the nation's unifying force, the melting pot of the state. Italy's industrial and then colonial expansion brought it into the wars of the twentieth century. The rise of fascist movement was the disastrous consequence of Italy's desire for colonial and military power, a history that the nation still confronts as it seeks to play a role in world politics. Wealthy, urban Italy has always had great political, cultural, and strategic importance for Europe. The leaders of its independent city-states intervened militarily in struggles among the European powers to its north and west but also against the expanding Muslim empires to its south and east. Italian culture supported military innovation, developing (for instance) new fortifications and naval organizations. After centuries of division, which limited Italy's power against the larger, unified European nations, the military played an important role in the nationalist unification of the entire country. Rapid industrialization followed, and along with it Italy's forays into overseas colonialism. Italy became a major power, but its turn to militant fascism during its expansionist era continues to haunt its state and military.

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2,8 MB
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Ciro Paoletti - A Military History of Italy (2007).pdf

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Alfred C. Mierzejewski - The Most Valuable Asset o f the Reich, A History of the German National Rail way Volume 2, 1933-1945 (2000).jpg

Historia2 - Alfred C. Mierzejewski - The Most Valuable Asset of th... the German National Railway Volume 2, 1933-1945 2000.jpg

The largest enterprise in the capitalist world between 1920 and 1945, the Deutsche Reichsbahn (German National Railway) was at the center of events in a period of great turmoil in Germany. In this, the second volume of his comprehensive history of the Reichsbahn, Alfred Mierzejewski offers the first complete account of the national railway under Hitler's regime.
Mierzejewski uses sources that include Nazi Party membership records and Reichsbahn internal memoranda to explore the railway's operations, finances, and political and social roles from 1933 to 1945. He examines the Reichsbahn's role in German rearmament, its own lack of preparations for war, and its participation in Germany's military operations. He shows that despite successfully resisting Nazi efforts to politicize its internal functions, the Reichsbahn cooperated with the government's anti-Semitic policies. Indeed, the railway played a crucial role in the Holocaust by supporting the construction and operation of the Nazi death camps and by transporting Jews and other victims to them.

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Alfred C. Mierzejewski - The Most Valuable Asset o f the Reich, A History of the German National Rail way Volume 2, 1933-1945 (2000).pdf

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István Vásáry - Cumans and Tatars, Oriental Milita ry in the Pre-Ottoman Balkans, 1185-1365 (2005).jpg

Historia2 - Istvn Vsry - Cumans and Tatars, Oriental Military in the Pre-Ottoman Balkans, 1185-1365 2005.jpg

The Cumans and the Tatars were nomadic warriors of the Eurasian steppe who exerted an enduring impact on the medieval Balkans. With this work, István Vásáry presents the first extensive examination of their history from 1186 to the 1360s. The basic instrument of Cuman and Tatar political success was military force, which none of the warring Balkan factions could resist. As a consequence, groups of the Cumans and the Tatars settled and mingled with the local population in various regions of the Balkans. The Cumans were the founders of three successive Bulgarian dynasties (Asenids, Terterids, and Shishmanids), and the Wallachian dynasty (Basarabids). They also played an active role in Byzantium, Hungary, and Serbia with Cuman immigrants being integrated into each country's elite. This book also explores how the prevailing political anarchy of the Balkans in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries made it ripe for the Ottoman conquest.

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István Vásáry - Cumans and Tatars, Oriental Milita ry in the Pre-Ottoman Balkans, 1185-1365 (2005).pdf

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C. L. Crouch - War and Ethics in the Ancient Near East, Military Violence in Light of Cosmology and History (2009).jpg

Historia2 - C. L. Crouch - War and Ethics in the Ancient Near East...itary Violence in Light of Cosmology and History 2009.jpg

The monograph considers the relationships of ethical systems in the ancient Near East through a study of warfare in Judah, Israel and Assyria in the eighth and seventh centuries BCE. It argues that a common cosmological and ideological outlook generated similarities in ethical thinking. In all three societies, the mythological traditions surrounding creation reflect a strong connection between war, kingship and the establishment of order. Human kings' military activities are legitimated through their identification with this cosmic struggle against chaos, begun by the divine king at creation. Military violence is thereby cast not only as morally tolerable but as morally imperative. Deviations from this point of view reflect two phenomena: the preservation of variable social perspectives and the impact of historical changes on ethical thinking.The research begins the discussion of ancient Near Eastern ethics outside of Israel and Judah and fills a scholarly void by placing Israelite and Judahite ethics within this context, as well as contributing methodologically to future research in historical and comparative ethics.

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C. L. Crouch - War and Ethics in the Ancient Near East, Military Violence in Light of Cosmology and History (2009).pdf

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Charlotte A. Roberts, Jane E. Buikstra - The Bioar chaeology of Tuberculosis, A Global View on a Reem erging Disease (2003).jpg

Historia2 - Charlotte A. Roberts, Jane E. Buikstra - The Bioarchae...berculosis, A Global View on a Reemerging Disease 2003.jpg

"An excellent book on a topic of more than academic interest."--Anthropological Science

"Anyone interested in infectious diseases, however knowledgeable, will put down this book having learned something new. . . . Roberts and Buikstra have compiled what is for now the definitive work on the subject."--Journal of the History of Medicine

"Truly comprehensive in scope. . . . This remarkably well organized book is medical history at its best. . . . A fascinating reading adventure."--Choice

"This is not just an old bones book and the authors have sensibly outlined the social and environmental factors which need to be considered in any major survey of this kind. . . . Will remain a major reference work for decades to come."--Antiquity

Though apparently in decline during the first half of the 20th century, tuberculosis has reawakened in both developed and developing countries, particularly among susceptible populations with immunodeficiency disorders.

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Charlotte A. Roberts, Jane E. Buikstra - The Bioar chaeology of Tuberculosis, A Global View on a Reem erging Disease (2003).pdf

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Jeremy Black - European Warfare, 1494-1660 (2002).jpg

The Italian Wars in 1494, subsequently seen as the onset of 'modern warfare', provides the starting point for this impressive survey of European Warfare in early modern Europe. Huge developments in the logistics of war combined with exploration and expansion meant interaction with extra-European forms of military might. Jeremy Black looks at technological aspects of war as well social and political developments and effects during this key period of military history. This sharp and compact analysis contextualizes European developments as well as establishing the global significance of events in Europe.
Jeremy Black departs from recent works on military history in giving due weight to the operational character and military dynamic of war. This volume, handling a long chronological period with a broad geographical range, not only offers an excellent summary of early-modern European warfare, but is a thought-provoking survey that will interest anyone studying this period of military history.

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Jeremy Black - European Warfare, 1494-1660 (2002).pdf

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Chris Gosden, Jon G. Hather - The Prehistory of Fo od, Appetites for Change (1999).jpg

The Prehistory of Food sets subsistence in its social context by focusing on food as a cultural artefact. It brings together contributors with a scientific and biological expertise as well as those interested in the patterns of consumption and social change, and includes a wide range of case studies.

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Chris Gosden, Jon G. Hather - The Prehistory of Fo od, Appetites for Change (1999).pdf

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Peter Lorge - War, Politics and Society in Early M odern China, 900-1795 (2005).jpg

This comprehensive survey of Chinese military history is the only book in English to span the significant years from 900-1795. Peter Lorge questions current theories on Chinas relationship to war, and argues that war was the most important tool used by the Chinese in building and maintaining their empire.
Emphasizing the relationship between the military and politics, chapters are organized around specific military events and, Lorge argues, the strength of territorial claims and political impact of each dynasty were determined by their military capacity.
Ideal as a course adoption text for Asian military studies, this is also valuable for students of Chinese studies, military studies and Chinese history.

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Peter Lorge - War, Politics and Society in Early M odern China, 900-1795 (2005).pdf

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Louis Brown - A Radar History of World War II, Tec hnical and Military Imperatives (1999).jpg

.This book is a coherent account of the history of Radar in the Second World War. Although many books have been written on the early days of radar and its role in the war, this book is by far the most comprehensive, covering ground, air and sea operations in all theatres of World War Two. Brown manages to synthesize a vast amount of material in a highly readable, informative and enjoyable way. Of special interest is extensive new archival material about the development and use of radar by Germany, Japan, and Russia. The story is told without undue technical complexity, so that the book is accessible to specialists and non-specialists alike.

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Louis Brown - A Radar History of World War II, Tec hnical and Military Imperatives (1999).chm

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Geoffrey Wawro - Warfare and Society in Europe, 17 92-1914 (2000).jpg

Traces war in Europe from the aftermath of the French Revolution to the eve of the First World War. Treating warfare as much wider than simply the product of military planning and technology, but a reflection of society itself, Wawro includes discussion of:
-The Napoleonic Wars and the Battle of Waterloo
-Napoleon III and the militarization of Europe
-The Franco-Prussian War, 1870-71
-New technologies and weapons
-Seapower and naval warfare
-The outbreak of the First World War
Combining original work on Bismarck's Wars, Austria-Hungary and Italy, with the latest writing on European armies and navies in the modern period, this book details the evolution of land and naval warfare and highlights the swirling interplay of society, politics and military decision-making.

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Geoffrey Wawro - Warfare and Society in Europe, 17 92-1914 (2000).pdf

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John F. Hoffecker - A Prehistory of the North, Hum an Settlement of the Higher Latitudes (2005).jpg

Early humans did not simply drift northward from their African origins as their abilities to cope with cooler climates evolved. The initial settlement of places like Europe and northern Asia, as well as the later movement into the Arctic and the Americas, actually occurred in relatively rapid bursts of expansion. A Prehistory of the North is the first full-length study to tell the complex story, spanning almost two million years, of how humans inhabited some of the coldest places on earth.
In an account rich with illustrations, John Hoffecker traces the history of anatomical adaptations, diet modifications, and technological developments, such as clothing and shelter, which allowed humans the continued ability to push the boundaries of their habitation. The book concludes by showing how in the last few thousand years, peoples living in the circumpolar zone—with the exception of western and central Siberia—developed a thriving maritime economy.
Written in nontechnical language, A Prehistory of the North provides compelling new insights and valuable information for professionals and students.

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John F. Hoffecker - A Prehistory of the North, Hum an Settlement of the Higher Latitudes (2005).pdf

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Payson Sheets - Before the Volcano Erupted, The An cient Cerén Village in Central America (2002).jpg

Historia2 - Payson Sheets - Before the Volcano Erupted, The Ancient Cern Village in Central America 2002.jpg

Overall, Before the Volcano Erupted will open the eyes of many Mesoamerican archaeologists to the magnitude of what they may normally be missing, and will stand as a widely cited benchmark for years to come. It is a must-buy for Mayanists, most Mesoamerican archaeologists and students of volcanic archaeology, but archaeologists in general will find it a phenomenally interesting read. (Charles D. Frederick, University of Sheffield The Holocene )

The level of insight and reconstruction possible at Cerén is almost unparalleled in archaeology, certainly in the New World. . . . It's a remarkable story. (Paul Healy, Professor of Anthropology, Trent University )

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Payson Sheets - Before the Volcano Erupted, The An cient Cerén Village in Central America (2002).pdf

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John L. Roberts - The Jacobite Wars (2008).jpeg

The Jacobite Wars is a detailed exploration of the Jacobite military campaigns of 1715 and 1745, set against the background of Scottish political, religious and constitutional history. The author has written a clear and demythologized account of the military campaigns waged by the Jacobites against the Hanoverian monarchs. He draws on the work of recent historians who have come to emphasize the political significance of the rebellions (which had been dismissed by earlier historians), showing the danger faced by the Hanoverian regime during those years of political and religious turbulence.

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