In telling the poignant story of Marengo, Jill Hamilton shows an unexpected side to the Emperor. She explores Napoleon's enormous regard for horses as well as why it was Marengo, and Marengo alone, who became part of the Napoleonic legend -- not Jaffa, Ali, Desiree or any of Napoleon's many mounts. With a bullet lodged in his tail and the imperial cipher of a crowned letter 'N' burnt on his left flank, a diminutive Arab stallion drew crowds to Pall Mall, London, in 1823. Sightseers came to gaze at the horse advertised as 'Bonaparte's personal charger', whose career had spanned the whole of the Napoleonic Wars, who, to the sound of marching songs had trotted, cantered and galloped from the Mediterranean to Paris, Italy, Germany and Austria, and at the age of nineteen, had walked three thousand miles to Moscow and back. Since then, both dead and alive, this horse with the same sonorous name as Napoleon's great victory, Marengo, has been a star exhibit in Britain. At London's earliest military museum his articulated skeleton was seen by Queen Victoria and displayed as the horse that had carried his master at Austerlitz in 1805, at Jena in 1806, at Wagram in 1809, in the Russian Campaign of 1812, and at Waterloo in 1815. For over 150 years one of his hooves has stood on a gleaming sideboard in the Officers' mess at St James' Palace. Today his skeleton, described as 'Napoleon's favourite horse', is the sole equine exhibit in the vast Waterloo Gallery at the National Army Museum in Chelsea, London. Horses for Napoleon were both utilitarian and glamorous. He used them for recreation, for speed and as majestic pedestals on which he appeared as a larger-than-life figure, but mostly as unstoppable machines of war. As he turned the ramshackle cavalry of the Revolutionary army into the most remarkable cavalry force in history he made spectacular use of horses in battle. But Jill Hamilton has uncovered a secret, hidden away for over a century, a secret which brings her inspiring and moving history to a devastating conclusion.

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Jill Hamilton - Marengo, The Myth of Napoleon's Ho rse (2003).pdf

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Jonathan Dewald - Europe 1450 to 1789, Encyclopedi a of the Early Modern World (Six Vol. Set) (2003).jpg

This detailed set explores European history from 1450-1789, from the print revolution to the French Revolution. The set's 1,082 articles, written by eminent scholars, cover major topics in art, government and education as well as providing biographical entries on key figures of the period. In addition, the set covers topics specific to the era, such as apocalypticism, guilds, food riots, royal mistresses and lovers, the Spanish inquisition, Utopia and others. Each volume includes an eight-page color insert. Features include approximately 575 black-and-white photographs, 60 maps, a year-by-year chronology, a topical outline, and a comprehensive index.

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Robert Cowley - What If 2 (2002).jpg

Like its predecessor (also edited by Cowley), this is an engrossing collection of essays on counterfactual history. Each contributor examines a pivotal event, then considers the ramifications had the event come out differently. In some cases the ramifications are so monumental that their effects are more obvious than intriguing. For example, if Socrates had died in battle during the Peloponnesian War, Victor Davis Hanson suggests, democracy, Christianity and Western thought as a whole would be radically different. Similarly, had Pontius Pilate pardoned Jesus the book's most fascinating premise Christianity would have developed in entirely new directions, according to Carlos M.N. Eire. Other essays depend, to diminished effect, on nonevents, such as Theodore F. Cook Jr. explaining what the incredible Chinese navy would have accomplished in the Atlantic and the New World had the Ming emperors not turned inwards. Most authors, however, have teased out some incredibly tiny detail in history and demonstrated how that one stitch holds the whole fabric together. Most notably, Robert L.

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Caroline A. Williams - Between Resistance and Adap tation, Indigenous Peoples and the Colonisation in the Choco, 1510-1753 (2005).jpg

Historia2 - Caroline A. Williams - Between Resistance and Adaptati...les and the Colonisation in the Choco, 1510-1753 2005.jpg

Between Resistance and Adaptation explores the Spanish colonization of the Chocó, a lowland region of present-day Colombia that was crucial to Spanish interests in Latin America because of its large gold deposits. Controlling the gold required the Spanish to subdue the native population of the Chocó; the author considers the strategies used by the colonizers, as well as the subtle, pragmatic responses of indigenous peoples. This book will interest anyone studying the colonial history of Latin America and the struggle of indigenous peoples against colonial powers.

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Caroline A. Williams - Between Resistance and Adap tation, Indigenous Peoples and the Colonisation in the Choco, 1510-1753 (2005).pdf

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Hugo G. Nutini, Barry L. Isaac - Social Stratifica tion in Central Mexico, 1500-2000 (2009).jpg

In Aztec and colonial Central Mexico, every individual was destined for lifelong placement in a legally defined social stratum or estate. Social mobility became possible after independence from Spain in 1821 and increased after the 1910-1920 Revolution. By 2000, the landed aristocracy that was for long Mexico's ruling class had been replaced by a plutocracy whose wealth derives from manufacturing, commerce, and finance--but rapid growth of the urban lower classes reveals the failure of the Mexican Revolution and subsequent agrarian reform to produce a middle-class majority. These evolutionary changes in Mexico's class system form the subject of Social Stratification in Central Mexico, 1500-2000, the first long-term, comprehensive overview of social stratification from the eve of the Spanish Conquest to the end of the twentieth century.
The book is divided into two parts. Part One concerns the period from the Spanish Conquest of 1521 to the Revolution of 1910. The authors depict the main features of the estate system that existed both before and after the Spanish Conquest, the nature of stratification on the haciendas that dominated the countryside for roughly four centuries, and the importance of race and ethnicity in both the estate system and the class structures that accompanied and followed it. Part Two portrays the class structure of the post-revolutionary period (1920 onward), emphasizing the demise of the landed aristocracy, the formation of new upper and middle classes, the explosive growth of the urban lower classes, and the final phase of the Indian-mestizo transition in the countryside.

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Hugo G. Nutini, Barry L. Isaac - Social Stratifica tion in Central Mexico, 1500-2000 (2009).pdf

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Mark Wheelis, Lajos Rózsa, Malcolm Dando - Deadly Cultures, Biological Weapons since 1945 (2006).jpg

The threat of biological weapons has never attracted as much public attention as in the past five years. Current concerns largely relate to the threat of weapons acquisition and use by rogue states or by terrorists. But the threat has deeper roots--it has been evident for fifty years that biological agents could be used to cause mass casualties and large-scale economic damage. Yet there has been little historical analysis of such weapons over the past half-century.
Deadly Cultures sets out to fill this gap by analyzing the historical developments since 1945 and addressing three central issues: Why have states continued or begun programs for acquiring biological weapons? Why have states terminated biological weapons programs? How have states demonstrated that they have truly terminated their biological weapons programs?
We now live in a world in which the basic knowledge needed to develop biological weapons is more widely available than ever before. Deadly Cultures provides the lessons from history that we urgently need in order to strengthen the long-standing prohibition of biological weapons.

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Mark Wheelis, Lajos Rózsa, Malcolm Dando - Deadly Cultures, Biological Weapons since 1945 (2006).pdf

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Mitchel P. Roth - Historical Dictionary of War Jou rnalism (1997).jpg

An elusive figure until the 1840s, the war correspondent is a comparatively new phenomenon. Prior to the Mexican War and invention of the telegraph, military commanders reported their own victories. Correspondents rarely used bylines prior to the 20th century. The first of its kind, this book fills a gap in the history of war journalism as well as military history, literature, and imperialism. Entries cover reporters, photographers, and artists who represented a newspaper, magazine, radio, or television station as well as significant events and terms relating to war reporting from 1846 to the recent Gulf War and Yugoslavian conflict.

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Mitchel P. Roth - Historical Dictionary of War Jou rnalism (1997).pdf

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Nick Merriman - Public Archaeology (2004).jpg

Public Archaeology' is a new sub-field of this discipline, which comprises the study of the interaction of archaeology with the public sphere. For the first time this text presents a broad introduction to this subject with chapters from some of the key players on this emerging field. Topics discussed include the politics and economics of archaeology, the antiques trade, and the restitution of archaeological material.

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Nick Merriman - Public Archaeology (2004).pdf

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Paul Bew - Ireland, The Politics of Enmity 1789-20 06 (2007).jpg

The French revolution had an electrifying impact on Irish society. The 1970s saw the birth of modern Irish republicanism and Orangeism, whose antagonism remains a defining feature of Irish political life. The 1970s also saw the birth of a new approach to Ireland within important elements of the British political elite, men like Pitt and Castlereagh. Strongly influenced by Edmund Burke, they argued that Britain's strategic interests were best served by a policy of catholic emancipation and political integration in Ireland. Britain's failure to achieve this objective, dramatised by the horrifying tragedy of the Irish famine of 1846-50, in which a million Irish died, set the context for the emergence of a popular mass nationalism, expressed in the Fenian, Parnell, and Sinn Fein movements, which eventually expelled Britain from the greater part of the island.
This book reassesses all the key leaders of Irish nationalism - Tone, O'Connell, Butt, Parnell, Collins, and de Valera - alongside key British political leaders such as Peel and Gladstone in the nineteenth century, or Winston Churchill and Tony Blair in the twentieth century. A study of the changing ideological passions of the modern Irish question, this analysis is, however, firmly placed in the context of changing social and economic realities.
Using a vast range of original sources, Paul Bew holds together the worlds of political class in London, Dublin, and Belfast in one coherent analysis which takes the reader all the way from the society of the United Irishman to the crisis of the Good Friday Agreement

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Paul Bew - Ireland, The Politics of Enmity 1789-20 06 (2007).pdf

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Peter Hore - Battelship (2005).jpg

A fascinating guide to the fantastic fighting machines from 1870 to the present day.

About the Author
Captain Peter Hore served worldwide in the Royal Navy from 1962 to 2000, mostly in frigates and destroyers. He is a fluent linguist who also plays chess and sailed for the Royal Navy. During the Falklands War he was Joint Logistics Controller on Ascension Island, and he has headed both the Royal Navy's Applied Research Programme and its Non-Technical Research Programmes. His last appointment in uniform was as Head of Defence Studies during the British government's Strategic Defence Review, the rewriting of British Maritime Strategy, and the launch of a new concept of operations, the Maritime Contribution to Joint Operations. Peter Hore is now Associate Editor of Warships International Fleet Review, op-ed writer for Newsday in New York, and an obituarist for the Daily Telegraph in London. He is the author of many reviews and articles and of five books, the latest being Patrick Blackett: Sailor, Scientist and Socialist.

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Peter Hore - Battelship (2005).pdf

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Ryan Gingeras - Sorrowful Shores, Violence, Ethnic ity, and the End of the Ottoman Empire 1912-1923 ( 2009).jpg

The Turkish Republic was formed out of immense bloodshed and carnage. During the decade leading up to the end of the Ottoman Empire and the ascendancy of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, virtually every town and village throughout Anatolia was wracked by intercommunal violence. Sorrowful Shores presents a unique, on-the-ground history of these bloody years of social and political transformation.
Challenging the determinism associated with nationalist interpretations of Turkish history between 1912 and 1923, Ryan Gingeras delves deeper into this period of transition between empire and nation-state. Looking closely at a corner of territory immediately south of the old Ottoman capital of Istanbul, he traces the evolution of various communities of native Christians and immigrant Muslims against the backdrop of the Balkan Wars, the First World War, the Armenian Genocide, the Turkish War of Independence, and the Greek occupation of the region.
Drawing on new sources from the Ottoman archives, Gingeras demonstrates how violence was organized at the local level. Arguing against the prevailing view of the conflict as a war between monolithic ethnic groups driven by fanaticism and ancient hatreds, he reveals instead the culpability of several competing states in fanning successive waves of bloodshed.

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Ryan Gingeras - Sorrowful Shores, Violence, Ethnic ity, and the End of the Ottoman Empire 1912-1923 ( 2009).pdf

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Sarah Moss, Alexander Badenoch - Chocolate, A Glob al History (2009).jpg

Chocolate layer cake. Fudge brownies. Chocolate chip cookies. Boxes of chocolate truffles. Cups of cocoa. Hot fudge sundaes. Chocolate is synonymous with our cultural sweet tooth, our restaurant dessert menus, and our idea of indulgence. Chocolate is adored around the world and has been since the Spanish first encountered cocoa beans in South America in the sixteenth century. It is seen as magical, addictive, and powerful beyond anything that can be explained by its ingredients, and in Chocolate Sarah Moss and Alec Badenoch explore the origins and growth of this almost universal obsession.

Moss and Badenoch recount the history of chocolate, which from ancient times has been associated with sexuality, sin, blood, and sacrifice. The first Spanish accounts claim that the Aztecs and Mayans used chocolate as a substitute for blood in sacrificial rituals and as a currency to replace gold. In the eighteenth century chocolate became regarded as an aphrodisiac—the first step on the road to today’s boxes of Valentine delights. Chocolate also looks at today’s mass-production of chocolate, with brands such as Hershey’s, Lindt, and Cadbury dominating our supermarket shelves.

Packed with tempting images and decadent descriptions of chocolate throughout the ages, Chocolate will be as irresistible as the tasty treats it describes.

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Sarah Moss, Alexander Badenoch - Chocolate, A Glob al History (2009).pdf

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Simon Martin - Football and Fascism, The National Game under Mussolini (2004).jpg

This is a cultural history of Italian Fascism viewed through the lens of soccer. The 1930s were the zenith of achievement for Italian football--Italy hosted and won the 1934 World Cup and retained the trophy in 1938. At club level, Calcio was reorganized into a national league, after which the first Italian club teams emerged to dominate European competition. It was at this time that Mussolini's party institutionalized soccer as a fascist game. Italian Fascism fully exploited the opportunities football provided to shape public opinion, penetrate daily life, and reinforce conformity. By politicizing the game, Fascism also sought to enhance the regime's international prestige and inculcate nationalist values. Football and Fascism is an original look at the appropriation of sport to serve political ends during a dark period of Italian history.

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Simon Martin - Football and Fascism, The National Game under Mussolini (2004).pdf

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Thomas M. Lekan - Imagining the Nation in Nature, Landscape Preservation and German Identity, 1885-1 945 (2004).jpg

Historia2 - Thomas M. Lekan - Imagining the Nation in Nature, Land...cape Preservation and German Identity, 1885-1945 2004.jpg

One of the most powerful nationalist ideas in modern Europe is the assertion that there is a link between people and their landscape. Focusing on the heart of German romanticism, the Rhineland, Thomas Lekan examines nature protection activities from Wilhelmine Germany through the end of the Nazi era to illuminate the relationship between environmental reform and the cultural construction of national identity.
In the late nineteenth century, anxieties about national character infused ecological concerns about industrialization, spurring landscape preservationists to protect the natural environment. In the Rhineland's scenic rivers, forests, and natural landmarks, they saw Germany as a timeless and organic nation rather than a recently patchworked political construct. Landscape preservation also served conservative social ends during a period of rapid modernization, as outdoor pursuits were promoted to redirect class-conscious factory workers and unruly youth from "crass materialism" to the German homeland. Lekan's examination of Nazi environmental policy challenges recent work on the "green" Nazis by showing that the Third Reich systematically subordinated environmental concerns to war mobilization and racial hygiene.
This book is an original contribution not only to studies of national identity in modern Germany but also to the growing field of European environmental history.

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Thomas M. Lekan - Imagining the Nation in Nature, Landscape Preservation and German Identity, 1885-1 945 (2004).pdf

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Emily Teeter, Janet H. Johnson - The Life of Meres amun, A Temple Singer in Ancient Egypt (2009).jpg

This companion volume and catalog to the exhibit that opens on February 9, 2009, traces the life of Meresamun, whose mummy, dating to about 800 B.C., is one of the highlights of The Oriental Institute museum in Chicago, IL. The text introduces the historical and cultural setting of Egypt during her time. Essays and artifacts examine the role of music and of musicians in Egyptian temple cults, their training, and the types of musical instruments that Meresamun would have used. The life of Meresamun outside the temple is explored, with emphasis upon her social and legal status, what other professions were available to her, and what home life was like. The study of the life of this individual is augmented by forensic evidence obtained with the newest generation of CT scanners that sheds life on Meresamun's life and death.

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Emily Teeter, Janet H. Johnson - The Life of Meres amun, A Temple Singer in Ancient Egypt (2009).pdf

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Barbarians! - Kathryn Hinds - Ancient Celts (2009).jpg

Using well-documented original sources and archaeological research, Hinds tells the story of people not always given a voice, expanding the ancient world beyond Rome, Greece, Egypt, and China. Calling people Barbarians, however, foreshadows an issue of perspective in a number of the volumes. "Barbarian," as explained in the introduction to each volume, derives from the Greek for people who did not understand their language and thus were viewed as uncivilized. Unfortunately, though the introduction claims that these people were civilized in their own ways, the lives of the subjects are revealed mainly in relation to the Greco-Roman world, and more focus is put on the battles and conflicts fought with the Romans, Greeks, or Persians than on what kinds of lives these "Barbarians" led. The exception is Vikings, which takes much from the Norse sagas and other sources to create a fascinating, accurate look at these people at the height of their power. The texts are interspersed with historical paintings, photos of period sculptures and other objects, as well as artists' renderings. Whole-page boxes detail specifics such as religion, archaeological discoveries, and fighting techniques. Each volume includes sources for all quotes, which make these books great choices for research, and they're accessible enough to grab general readers.

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Barbarians! - Kathryn Hinds - Ancient Celts (2009).pdf

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wagnerka9595 napisano 8.08.2020 18:20

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Super chomik! Zapraszam do mnie po wiele świetnych materiałów.

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