In this innovative study Clive Gamble presents and questions two of the most famous descriptions of change in prehistory. The first is the 'human revolution', when evidence for art, music, religion and language first appears. The second is the economic and social revolution of the Neolithic period. Gamble identifies the historical agendas behind 'origins research' and presents a bold new alternative to these established frameworks, relating the study of change to the material basis of human identity. He examines, through artefact proxies, how changing identities can be understood using embodied material metaphors and in two major case-studies charts the prehistory of innovations, asking, did agriculture really change the social world? This is an important and challenging book that will be essential reading for every student and scholar of prehistory.

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James Krippner-Martnez - Rereading the Conquest, P ower, Politics, and the History of Early Colonial Michoacan, Mexico, 1521-1565 (2001).jpg

Historia2 - James Krippner-Martnez - Rereading the Conquest, Power...ry of Early Colonial Michoacan, Mexico, 1521-1565 2001.jpg

"Rereading the Conquest is a charmingly written account of the relatively neglected area of Michoacán, not far from the Nahua-speaking regions geographically but distant from them in cultural terms. Krippner-Martínez's work should appeal to anyone interested in understanding the complexities of conversion in the sixteenth-century Americas and will be especially valuable to those interested in reading an intellectual engagement with the leading Catholic intellectuals of Latin America." --Patricia Seed, Rice University
Combining social history with literary criticism, James Krippner-Martínez shows how a historiographically sensitive rereading of contemporaneous documents concerning the sixteenth-century Spanish conquest and evangelization of Michoacán, and of later writings using them, can challenge traditional celebratory interpretations of missionary activity in early colonial Mexico.
The book offers a fresh look at religion, politics, and the writing of history by employing a poststructuralist method that engages the exclusions as well as the content of the historical record. The moments of doubt, contradiction, and ambiguity thereby uncovered lead to deconstructing a coherent conquest narrative that continues to resonate in our present age. Part I, "The Politics of Conquest," deals with primary sources compiled from 1521 to 1565. Krippner-Martínez here examines the execution of Cazonci, the indigenous ruler of Michoacán, as recounted in the trial record produced by his executioners; explores the missionary-Indian encounter as revealed in the Relación de Michoacán; and assesses the writings of Michoacán's first bishop, the legendary Vasco de Quiroga, and their complex interplay of authoritarian paternalism and reformist hope. Part II, "Reflections," looks at how the memory of these historical figures is represented in later eras. A key text for this discussion is the Crónica de Michoachán, written in the late eighteenth century by the Franciscan intellectual Pablo de Beaumont.
Krippner-Martínez concludes with a critique of the debate that initiated his investigation--the controversy between Latin Americans and Europeans over the colonialist legacy, beginning with the Latin American Bishops Conference in 1992.

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James Krippner-Martnez - Rereading the Conquest, P ower, Politics, and the History of Early Colonial Michoacan, Mexico, 1521-1565 (2001).pdf

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Martin Daunton - Just Taxes, The Politics of Taxat ion in Britain, 1914-1979 (2002).jpg

This original work explores the politics of British taxation in the twentieth century. By 1979, taxes were taken from almost half of the total national income, and contributed to the political rise of Margaret Thatcher. But the level of taxation had risen from 10% in 1914 to about 25% between the wars, without provoking serious discontent (as in other European countries). It also grew again during the Second World War. This study explores the reasons that the earlier tax increases were accepted, and not those of 1979.

• Helps explain the emergence of Margaret Thatcher and the structure of the British state • Offers a comparative study of twentieth-century Britain in a European and Atlantic context • On the politics of taxation in the twentieth century

Contents
List of figures; List of tables; Preface; List of abbreviations; 1. The taxing state: an introduction; 2. 'The limits of our taxable capacity': war finance, 1914–1918; 3. 'This hideous war memorial': debt and taxation, 1918–1925; 4. 'Adjusting the particular turns of the different screws': reforming the income tax, 1920–1929; 5. 'The great conflict of modern politics': redistribution, depression and appeasement, 1929–1939; 6. 'The exigency of war': taxation and the Second World War, 1939–1945; 7. 'The mortal blows of taxation': Labour and reconstruction, 1945–1951; 8. 'A most injurious disincentive in our economic system': Conservatives and taxation, 1951–1964; 9. 'Modern and dynamic economic policy': Labour and taxation, 1951–1970; 10. Rethinking taxation policy: from an opportunity state to an enterprise society, 1964–1979; 11. 'Highly defensible ramparts': the politics of local taxation; 12. Conclusion; Appendix: chancellors of the Exchequer and prime ministers, 1908–1983; Bibliography; Index.

Reviews
‘Daunton’s fine study … makes an important contribution to understanding the background to the political economy of Thatcherism.’ Roger Middleton, Times Higher Education Supplement

‘Just Taxes is a book rich in detail and argument that requires careful reading: Daunton’s lucid writing makes that possible.’ Juliet Gardiner, History Today

'… an effective and sobering account … a very important and surprisingly accessible book, in which Daunton explains complex issues very well.' Andrew Thorpe, University of Exeter, , History

‘Just Taxes: The Politics of Taxation in Britain, 1914–1979 is a pioneering, uncompromisingly high-minded survey that, in conjunction with its predecessor volume Trusting Leviathan: The Politics of Taxation in Britain, 1799–1914 goes a long way towards fulfilling Daunton’s aim of at last placing taxation squarely at the centre of modern British history.’ Times Literary Supplement

‘This is a book worth buying …’ The Economic History Review

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Robert Travers - Ideology and Empire in Eighteenth -Century India, The British in Bengal (2007).jpg

Robert Travers' analysis of British conquests in late eighteenth-century India shows how new ideas were formulated about the construction of empire. After the British East India Company conquered the vast province of Bengal, Britons confronted the apparent anomaly of a European trading company acting as an Indian ruler. Responding to a prolonged crisis of imperial legitimacy, British officials in Bengal tried to build their authority on the basis of an 'ancient constitution', supposedly discovered among the remnants of the declining Mughal Empire. In the search for an indigenous constitution, British political concepts were redeployed and redefined on the Indian frontier of empire, while stereotypes about 'oriental despotism' were challenged by the encounter with sophisticated Indian state forms. This highly original book uncovers a forgotten style of imperial state-building based on constitutional restoration, and in the process opens up new points of connection between British, imperial and South Asian history.

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G. C. Peden - Arms, Economics and British Strategy , From Dreadnoughts to Hydrogen Bombs (2007).jpg

This book integrates strategy, technology and economics and presents a new way of looking at twentieth-century military history and Britain's decline as a great power. G. C. Peden explores how from the Edwardian era to the 1960s warfare was transformed by a series of innovations, including dreadnoughts, submarines, aircraft, tanks, radar, nuclear weapons and guided missiles. He shows that the cost of these new weapons tended to rise more quickly than national income and argues that strategy had to be adapted to take account of both the increased potency of new weapons and the economy's diminishing ability to sustain armed forces of a given size. Prior to the development of nuclear weapons, British strategy was based on an ability to wear down an enemy through blockade, attrition (in the First World War) and strategic bombing (in the Second), and therefore power rested as much on economic strength as on armaments.

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Richard Kenneth Emmerson, Sandra Clayton-Emmerson - Key Figures in Medieval Europe (2009).jpg

Entries fall under the following categories:

* Artists/Architects
* Authors
* Commercial Figures
* Musicians
* Political Figures
* Religious Figures
* Scientific Figures
* Travelers
* Women

In one convenient volume, students, scholars, and interested readers will find the biographies of the people whose actions, beliefs, creations, and writings shaped the Middle Ages, one of the most fascinating periods of world history.

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Richard Kenneth Emmerson, Sandra Clayton-Emmerson - Key Figures in Medieval Europe (2009).pdf

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Ross Whitehead - Buckles, 1250-1800 (1996).jpg

With over 800 illustrations this book is intended to help with the identification of buckles which are by far the largest category of medieval and post medieval dress accessory to survive. The author has sought to obtain a balance between common and rare, plain and decorated buckles. Each chapter covers the development of a particular group of buckles based on the shape of the frame.

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Ross Whitehead - Buckles, 1250-1800 (1996).pdf

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Li Liu - The Chinese Neolithic, Trajectories to Ea rly States (2007).jpg

The Yellow River valley of China, during the period ca. 7000-1500, saw the transformation of egalitarian societies into stratified chiefdoms giving rise to early states. This book examines that transformation, emphasizing the interplay of many factors affecting these processes, such as climatic fluctuation, population movements, inter-group competition, warfare, and long-distance exchange of valuables.

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Nicola Di Cosmo - Ancient China and its Enemies, T he Rise of Nomadic Power in East Asian History (20 04).jpg

This comprehensive history of the northern frontier of China through the first millennium B.C. details the formation of two increasingly distinct cultural areas: the sedentary Chinese and the northern nomads. Nicola Di Cosmo explores the tensions existing between these two worlds as they became progressively more polarized, with the eventual creation of the nomadic Hsiung-nu empire in the north, and of the Chinese empire in the south. Di Cosmo investigates the origins of the antagonism between early China and its "barbarian" neighbors.

Review
"Throughout the second century B.C., the world of East Asia was divided between two great superpowers, the Han Chinese and the Hsiung-nu, facing off against each other sometimes peaceably and sometimes antagonistically. In Ancient China and Its Enemies, Nicola Di Cosmo provides a magisterial survey of the rise of the lesser known of these two powers, the nomadic Hsiung-nu. This book is invaluable not only for understanding the relations between ancient China and its major enemy, but also for understanding either of the powers individually." Edward Shaughnessy, University of Chicago

"...the author deserves praise and gratitude for producing and invaluable piece of work. This book is a masterpiece of scholarship. It will rank as an indispensable tool for anyone studying foreign relationships in ancient China and beyond for years to come." Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies

"...I am certain that anthropologists, political scientists, and others will find much here of interest. Di Cosmo writes well and offers fascinating anecdotes at just the right times." History

"...a carefully researched and superbly presented history of the northern frontier of China from 900 to 100 B.C...a fascinating, detailed, scholarly, and very strongly recommended historical survery and analysis." Library Bookwatch

"This outstanding work of scholarship demonstrates a magisterial command of the sources, asks important questions, and provides measured, finely nuanced answers."
Peter B. Golden, The International History Review

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Istvan Deak - Beyond Nationalism, A Social and Pol itical History of the Habsburg Officer Corps, 1848 -1918 (1990).jpg

Historia2 - Istvan Deak - Beyond Nationalism, A Social and Politic...History of the Habsburg Officer Corps, 1848-1918 1990.jpg

In the last seventy years of its long and distinguished existence, the Habsburg monarchy was plagued by the forces of rising nationalism. Still, it preserved domestic peace and provided the conditions for social, economic, and cultural progress in a vast area inhabited by eleven major nationalities and almost as many confessional groups. This study investigates the social origin, education, training, code of honor, lifestyle, and political role of the Habsburg officers. Simultaneously conservative and liberal, the officer corps, originally composed mainly of noblemen, willingly coopted thousands of commoners--among them an extraordinary number of Jews. Even during World War I, the army and its officers endured, surviving the dissolution of the state in October 1918, if only by a few days. The end of the multinational Habsburg army also marked the end of confessional and ethnic tolerance in Central and East Central Europe.

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Istvan Deak - Beyond Nationalism, A Social and Pol itical History of the Habsburg Officer Corps, 1848 -1918 (1990).pdf

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Mariko Asano Tamanoi - Memory Maps, The State and Manchuria in Postwar Japan (2008).jpg

Between 1932 and 1945, more than 320,000 Japanese emigrated to Manchuria in northeast China with the dream of becoming land-owning farmers. Following the Soviet invasion of Manchuria and Japan's surrender in August 1945, their dream turned into a nightmare. Since the late 1980s, popular Japanese conceptions have overlooked the disastrous impact of colonization and resurrected the utopian justification for creating Manchukuo, as the puppet state was known. This re-remembering, Mariko Tamanoi argues, constitutes a source of friction between China and Japan today. Memory Maps tells the compelling story of both the promise of a utopia and the tragic aftermath of its failure. An anthropologist, Tamanoi approaches her investigation of Manchuria's colonization and collapse as a complex "history of the present," which in postcolonial studies refers to the examination of popular memory of past colonial relations of power. To mitigate this complexity, she has created four "memory maps" that draw on the recollections of former Japanese settlers, their children who were left in China and later repatriated, and Chinese who lived under Japanese rule in Manchuria.
The first map presents the oral histories of farmers who emigrated from Nagano, Japan, to Manchuria between 1932 and 1945 and returned home after the war. Interviewees were asked to remember the colonization of Manchuria during Japan's age of empire. Hikiage-mono (autobiographies) make up the second map. These are written memories of repatriation from the Soviet invasion to some time between 1946 and 1949. The third memory map is entitled "Orphans' Voices." It examines the oral and written memories of the children of Japanese settlers who were left behind at the war's end but returned to Japan after relations between China and Japan were normalized in 1972. The memories of Chinese who lived the age of empire in Manchuria make up the fourth map. This map also includes the memories of Chinese couples who adopted the abandoned children of Japanese settlers as well as the children themselves, who renounced their Japanese nationality and chose to remain in China. In the final chapter, Tamanoi considers theoretical questions of "the state" and the relationship between place, voice, and nostalgia. She also attempts to integrate the four memory maps in the transnational space covering Japan and China.
Both fastidious in dealing with theoretical questions and engagingly written, Memory Maps contributes not only to the empirical study of the Japanese empire and its effects on the daily lives of Japanese and Chinese, but also to postcolonial theory as it applies to the use of memory.

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Mariko Asano Tamanoi - Memory Maps, The State and Manchuria in Postwar Japan (2008).pdf

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Neil Tranter - Sport, Economy and Society in Brita in 1750-1914 (1998).jpg

Neil Tranter draws on the recent surge of academic interest in this topic to provide a concise, up-to-date survey of a dramatic change in the cultural life of Victorian and Edwardian Britain: the radical transformation in the extent and nature of Britain's involvement in sports. Neil Tranter examines key questions such as the principal features of this new sporting culture, how and why it spread, and the economic consequences of this cultural change. He also looks at who the particpants were, and to what extent women were involved in this sporting "revolution."

• Up-to-date survey of all the relevant literature outlining the main areas of controversy among scholars • First synthesis of its kind • An introduction to the early origins of modern sport which indicates the key questions requiring further study

Contents
1. Author's introduction; 2. Growth or decline? The initial impact of urban-industrialisation; 3. The 'revolution' in sport; 4. A conspiracy of the elites?; 5. For health, prestige, or profit?; 6. No place for women?; 7. Agenda for research; Bibliography.

Reviews
‘ … extremely welcome … and excellent introduction to the issues which historians of sport confront, and sets out the findings of the most recent research in an exemplary way … an admirable book, and it is difficult to see how it could have been done better’. History

‘Tranter has produced an important book. It should enable a wide range of teachers to introduce sports history to a cross disciplinary audience; an area of study that has often been trivialised, yet one that has been central to the fabric of British life since pre-industrialisation.’ Journal of European Area Studies

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Neil Tranter - Sport, Economy and Society in Brita in 1750-1914 (1998).pdf

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Stephen Courtney, Brian Patterson - Home of the Fl eet, A Century of Portsmouth Royal Dockyard in Pho tographs (2009).jpg

Historia2 - Stephen Courtney, Brian Patterson - Home of the Fleet,...ntury of Portsmouth Royal Dockyard in Photographs 2009.jpg

During the past century, the Royal Navy and its support services at Portsmouth dockyard have experienced a pace of change not seen since the fifteenth century. This book examines the impact of that change on the ships, buildings and personnel of the naval base. The dockyard has evolved continually as a support service, reinventing itself in response to changing social, economic and political circumstances. The authors look at the dockyard's role in times of conflict, from the First World War to the 1991 Gulf War, and consider the effects of privitisation and cutbacks. Portsmouth is now ready to meet the challenges of the twenty-first century when it will be the Royal Navy's premier base. Richly illustrated with photographs from the Royal Naval Museum and Historic Dockyard collections and exclusive, newly-commissioned photographs, 'Home of the Fleet' will appeal to anyone who is interested in Britain's naval heritage.

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Stephen Courtney, Brian Patterson - Home of the Fl eet, A Century of Portsmouth Royal Dockyard in Pho tographs (2009).pdf

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David Laven, Lucy Riall - Napoleon's Legacy, Probl ems of Government in Restoration Europe (2000).jpg

This ground-breaking, revisionist collection of essays, based on the most recent research, provides a long-needed reassessment of the legacy of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic wars upon the governments of Restoration Europe. Traditionally the Restoration has been regarded by historians as a period in which European governments returned to the reactionary policies which prevailed before the upheavals of 1789, and which involved an outright rejection of the reforms of the Napoleonic era. In this book, leading historians challenge this interpretation and emphasize the sometimes surprising loyalty shown to Napoleonic policies of modernization by Restoration governments.The problems of dealing with new ideologies, accommodating the interests of old elites, and keeping the benefits of recent reforms were broadly similar across Europe, and provide a connecting theme throughout the volume. However, the nature of governmental response was never uniform. The essays explore these varieties of response, both through detailed case studies and more general surveys, and address issues such as policing and censorship, revolutionary symbolism, elite formation and bureaucratic structures in France, Spain, Italy, Germany and Poland, making a fascinating contribution to the study of the nature of political change in the modern period.

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David Laven, Lucy Riall - Napoleon's Legacy, Probl ems of Government in Restoration Europe (2000).pdf

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A Stahl - African Archaeology, A Critical Introduc tion (2004).jpg

This book fills a crucial gap by providing a multi-authored introduction to the archaeology of Africa that challenges misconceptions and claims about Africa 's past, and teaches students how to evaluate these claims. Ann Stahl 's thoughtful introduction explores the contexts that have shaped archaeological knowledge of Africa 's past and asks readers to consider for whom Africa 's past matters and why. African Archaeology comprises unique contributions by prominent archaeologists with regional and topical expertise. They explore the preoccupations and assumptions that have framed research, assess the quality and reliability of evidence, and chart emerging research directions and questions that can help build on the strengths of earlier work, while finally setting aside long-held misperceptions.African Archaeology is a landmark volume and an indispensable tool for students, instructors, and researchers.

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A Stahl - African Archaeology, A Critical Introduc tion (2004).pdf

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Leonard Y. Andaya - Leaves of the Same Tree, Trade and Ethnicity in the Straits of Melaka (2008).jpg

Despite the existence of about a thousand ethnolinguistic groups in Southeast Asia, very few historians of the region have engaged the complex issue of ethnicity. "Leaves of the Same Tree" takes on this concept and illustrates how historians can use it both as an analytical tool and as a subject of analysis to add further depth to our understanding of Southeast Asian pasts. Following a synthesis of some of the major issues in the complex world of ethnic theory, the author identifies two general principles of particular value for this study: the ideas that ethnic identity is an ongoing process and that the boundaries of a group undergo continual - if at times imperceptible - change based on perceived advantage.

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Leonard Y. Andaya - Leaves of the Same Tree, Trade and Ethnicity in the Straits of Melaka (2008).pdf

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Thom Holmes - The Prehistoric Earth, Time of the G iants, The Middle & Late Jurassic Epochs (2008).jpg

This fully illustrated book examines the scientific view of dinosaurs as living creatures. Once considered docile and inactive - like their distant cold-blooded reptiles relatives - dinosaurs are now thought to have been active, energetic creatures that used a variety of methods to maintain a constant body temperature.
The story of best-known dinosaurs is told in "Time of the Giants". The Middle and Late Jurassic Periods saw the largest land animals ever to walk the Earth - the sauropods. But the giants were not alone; other kinds of dinosaurs were diversifying rapidly as well. Most notably, predatory dinosaurs began their own trend towards gigantism, and the prolific development of plated and armored herbivores filled ecological spaces not tread upon by the long-necked behemoths. By the end of the Jurassic Period, dinosaurs represented extremism in the size of land animals with equally elegant metabolic and thermoregulatory mechanisms to maintain an active lifestyle. At the other end of the size scale, some small meat-eating dinosaurs, such as Archaeopteryx, developed powered flight and gave rise to birds.

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Thom Holmes - The Prehistoric Earth, Time of the G iants, The Middle & Late Jurassic Epochs (2008).pdf

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Jerry Brotton - The Renaissance, A Very Short Intr oduction (2006).jpg

More than ever before, the Renaissance stands out as one of the defining moments in world history. Between 1400 and 1600, European perceptions of society, culture, politics and even humanity itself emerged in ways that continue to affect not only Europe but the entire world.
In this wide-ranging exploration of the Renaissance, Jerry Brotton shows the period as a time of unprecedented intellectual excitement, cultural experimentation, and interaction on a global scale, alongside a darker side of religion, intolerance, slavery, and massive inequality of wealth and status. Brotton skillfully guides us through the key issues that defined the Renaissance period, from its art, architecture, and literature, to advancements in the fields of science, trade, and travel. In its incisive account of the complexities of the political and religious upheavals of the period, the book argues that there are significant parallels between the Renaissance and our own era. This is the first clear and concise account of the Renaissance as a global phenomenon, an important new vision of the Renaissance for the 21st century written by a young Renaissance scholar of a new generation.

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