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	!! HISTORIA - książki, artykuły
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233 KB
15 lip 18 15:18

Osprey - Men-at-arms 396 - D Lindholm, David Nicol le - Medieval Scandinavian Armies(1), 1100-1300.jpg

As the Viking Age gave way to the Middle Ages the development of Scandinavian armies showed special local characteristics, due both to the rough terrain and the relatively 'egalitarian' nature of society. Though Denmark's proximity to Germany led to the appearance there of a kind of feudal system and some heavy armoured cavalry, in Sweden and Norway there was fairly willing co-operation between the few nobles and the many free farmers. This book shows how armies were of local infantry levies raised by 'democratic' methods to defend home territory. It also details how the crossbow became very important along with ambush tactics and winter campaigning, employing the use of sledges and skis.

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15 lip 18 15:18

Osprey - Men-at-arms 399 - D Lindholm, David Nicol le - Medieval Scandinavian Armies(2), 1300-1500 (2 003).jpg

This period saw profound changes, as Scandinavia became greatly influenced by military events and developments elsewhere in Europe. Most noticeably, plate armour began to take over from mail; and important evidence is provided by the remarkable 14th century battle grave finds at Wisby, where many corpses were tipped rapidly into mass graves still wearing their armour. This book examines the traces of wounds on the thousand-plus excavated skeletons offering unique insights into the realities of medieval hand-to-hand fighting. Later the increased use of Continental mercenaries introduced massed infantry tactics, especially in Denmark during the almost unceasing 'Union Wars' of the 15th century.

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10,7 MB
15 lip 18 15:18

Osprey - Men-at-arms 399 - D Lindholm, David Nicol le - Medieval Scandinavian Armies(2), 1300-1500 (2 003).pdf

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15 lip 18 15:18

John Clements - Medieval Swordsmanship, Illustrate d Methods and Techniques (1998).jpg

John Clements has had a lifelong pursuit of (some say obsession with) nearly all forms of swordsmanship. He started studying historical weaponry in 1980 and has practiced cut-and-thrust swordsmanship for almost 18 years. He has practiced under five different weapon-sparring systems and trained in numerous sword arts. He started fencing at the age of 14, followed by an interest in martial arts, and in 1982 founded the Medieval Battling Club. He has spent time in Europe examining weapon collections, and his writings on swordsmanship and weapon-sparring have appeared in more than six magazines.

John is a member of the British Arms & Armor Association and taught two semesters on swordsmanship and Medieval battling at Western Nevada Community College in 1992. In 1994 he took first place in the Advanced Weapon-Sparring Competition of the U.S. National's Kung Fu Tournament in Orlando, Florida. He lectures on historical weaponry and is an ardent promoter of contact-weapon sparring and study with historical replica swords. He trains regularly in long-sword, sword & shield, sword & buckler, sword & dagger, Medieval spear, and rapier & dagger methods. He now teaches classes and seminars on Renaissance and Medieval swordsmanship in Houston, Texas, with the Historical Armed Combat Association (HACA).

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15 lip 18 15:18

T. V. Evans, D. D. Obbink - The Language of the Pa pyri (2010).jpg

The modern rediscovery of the Greek and Latin papyri from Egypt has transformed our knowledge of the ancient world. We cannot, however, make the same claim in the specific area of language study. Although important studies of the language of the papyri have appeared sporadically over the past century, we are still dealing today with a linguistic resource of extraordinary richness which has hardly begun to be explored. Every scrap of papyrus and every ostracon (potsherd) or tablet unearthed has the potential to change some aspect of the way we think about the Greek and Latin languages. This book demonstrate that potential, by gathering together essays from seventeen scholars who present a variety of perspectives and methodological approaches. The Language of the Papyri charts current directions of international research, and will also provide a stimulus for future work.

About the Author
T. V. Evans is Lecturer in the Department of Ancient History, Macquarie University, Sydney. D. D. Obbink is Tutor in Greek Literature, Christ Church, and University Lecturer in Papyrology and Greek Literature, Oxford.

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15 lip 18 15:18

B. McKercher - Shadow and Substance in British For eign Policy 1895-1939 (1984).jpg

Cedric James Lowe died in an automobile accident at Edmonton, Alberta on 26 April 1975. At the height of his intellectual creativity and productivity, his loss was a blow not only to his many friends but to the academic community at large. He was born in 1930 at Bath, England, the son of a school teacher. Educated first at a local school and then at Swindon, from a very young age his goal was a university education. Nevertheless, instead of proceeding directly to the fulfillment of that ambition, Lowe chose along with many of his contemporaries to satisfy his National Service obligation. For two years, 1948-49, he laboured in the Army's Intelligence Corps, conducting screening interviews with displaced eastern Europeans in Austria.

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18,2 MB
15 lip 18 15:18

B. McKercher - Shadow and Substance in British For eign Policy 1895-1939 (1984).pdf

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15 lip 18 15:18

Wydawnictwo Militaria 167 - Maksym Kołomyjec - Cha łchyn-Goł 1939 (2002).jpg

Walki jakie toczyły się od maja do września 1939 roku w okolicach rzeki Chałchyn-Goł u zbiegu granic Mongolii, Chin, Mandżurii i ZSRR należą do mało znanych. Wojna radziecko-japońska z 1939 została przedstawiona w oparciu o archiwa japońskie i radzieckie. Opracowanie zawiera niepublikowane dotąd fotografie z archiwów radzieckiech, mapy terenów walk, schematy organizacyjne zaangażowanych jednostek, wzory malowania i oznakowania sprzętu, a także informacje o uzbrojeniu i wyposażeniu zarówno Armii Kwantuńskiej, jak i Armii Mongolii, Mandżukuo oraz jednostek Armii Czerwonej stacjonujących na dalekim wschodzie.

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45,4 MB
15 lip 18 15:18

Wydawnictwo Militaria 167 - Maksym Kołomyjec - Cha łchyn-Goł 1939 (2002).PDF

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175 KB
15 lip 18 15:18

Monique O' Connell - Men of Empire, Power and Nego tiation in Venice's Maritime State (2009).jpg

The city-state of Venice, with a population of less than 100,000, dominated a fragmented and fragile empire at the boundary between East and West, between Christian, Greek Orthodox, and Muslim worlds. In this institutional and administrative history, Monique O'Connell explains the structures, processes, practices, and laws by which Venice maintained its vast overseas holdings.The legal, linguistic, religious, and cultural diversity within Venice's empire made it difficult to impose any centralization or unity among its disparate territories. O'Connell has mined the vast archival resources to explain how Venice's central government was able to administer and govern its extensive empire. O'Connell finds that successful governance depended heavily on the experience of governors, an interlocking network of noble families, who were sent overseas to negotiate the often conflicting demands of Venice's governing council and the local populations. In this nexus of state power and personal influence, these imperial administrators played a crucial role in representing the state as a hegemonic power; creating patronage and family connections between patricians and their subjects; and, using the judicial system to negotiate a balance between local and imperial interests. In explaining the institutions and individuals that permitted this type of negotiation, O'Connell offers an historical example of an early modern empire at the height of imperial expansion.

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15 lip 18 15:18

Jean-Denis G. G. Lepage - Vauban and the French Mi litary Under Louis XIV, An Illustrated History of Fortifications and Strategies (2005).jpg

All History - Jean-Denis G. G. Lepage - Vauban and the French Milit...trated History of Fortifications and Strategies 2005.jpg

A man of inventiveness, versatility and reformist ideas, Marshal Sebastien Le Preste de Vauban built a formidable ring of fortresses to protect Franc's national frontiers. More than just a fortification designer, Vauban was also a gifted economist, author, and political strategist. This book tells the complete story of Vauban's exceptional career, placing him within the framework of Louis XIV's reign and revealing his lasting influences in France and other nations. With the aid of numerous detailed drawings, 17th century bastioned fortification, artillery, and seige warfare are described in detail. Vauban's fortifications that are still standing today are particularly highlighted.

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15 lip 18 15:18

Lise E. Hull - Britain's Medieval Castles (2005).jpg

The widespread construction of castles in Britain began as soon as Duke William of Normandy set foot on the shores of southern England in 1066. The castles that were constructed in the ensuing centuries, and whose ruins still scatter the British countryside today, provide us with an enduring record of the needs and ambitions of the times. But the essence of the medieval castle-a structure that is equal parts military, residential, and symbolic--reveals itself not only through the grandeur of such architectural masterpieces as the Tower of London, and the imposing nature of such royal residences as Windsor, but also in the aging masonry carvings, enduring battlements, and more modest earthen ramparts that have survived alongside them. Through a feature-by-feature account of the architectural elements and techniques used in constructing the medieval castle, author Lise Hull allows the multiple functions of these multifarious forms to shine through, and in so doing, lends a new vitality to the thousand faces that the medieval world assumed to discourage its enemies, inspire its friends, and control its subjects. This compelling investigation takes a unique look at each of the medieval castle's main roles: as an offensive presentation and defensive fortification, as a residential and administrative building, and as a symbolic structure demonstrating the status of its owner. Each chapter focuses on one specific role and uses concrete architectural features to demonstrate that aspect of the medieval castle in Britain. A wealth of illustrations is also provided, as is a glossary explaining the distinct parts of the castle and their functions. This book should be of interest to students researching architecture, the Middle Ages, or military history, as well as general readers interested in castles or considering a trip to Britain to observe some of these magnificent sites themselves.

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19,9 MB
15 lip 18 15:18

Lise E. Hull - Britain's Medieval Castles (2005).pdf

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155 KB
15 lip 18 15:18

Osprey - Men-at-Arms 443 - Samuel Rocca - The Army of Herod the Great (2009).jpg

Herod was Rome's most important and powerful ally at the end of the Republic. Although he has entered posterity as a ruthless ruler not only against his own family but also, according to the gospel of Matthew, as the instigator of the slaughter of the innocents. However, he was also an able administrator who developed a powerful army. At it’s peak Herod's army could field approximately 40,000 men. Comprised of both Judaean and mercenary soldiers with troops from the Germanic tribes to Parthians to Romans. As a result of this varied composition it showed both strong Hellenistic influence in its armour and cavalry and Roman influence in its use of heavy infantry making it an intriguing topic for military history enthusiasts. This book will be a fascinating look at the ancient army of Herod the Great which will use the latest Israeli archaeological reports and finds, including weapons and armour fragments.

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15 lip 18 15:18

Osprey - Men-at-Arms 447 - David Bullocck - The Cz ech Legion 1914-20 (2009).jpg

The Czech Legion was not just a single military unit, but a volunteer army that fielded up to 100,000 troops on the Allied side on all three main fronts of the war. Since only the defeat of Austro-Hungary and Germany offered any hope for Czech national independence, they were amongst the most motivated and steadfast of the Allied forces. After the Bolshevik Revolution, they fought their way across Russia, captured the Russian national gold reserves and used this as a bargaining chip to force the Bolsheviks to allow them to return home. Today the Legion is recognised as the founding fathers of Czech nationhood. This very colourful force of World War I has never before been detailed in English and is illustrated with an astonishing array of never-before-published photographs.

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15 lip 18 15:18

Jean-Denis G. G. Lepage - French Fortifications, 1 715-1815, An Illustrated History (2009).jpg

This book describes and illustrates French fortifications from 1715 (the death of Louis XIV) to 1815 (the fall of Napoleon), focusing particularly on the Napoleonic era. After an historical background, it covers the heritage of the Ancien Regime with the important contributions of Vauban (the bastioned defense), Gribeauval's reforms in artillery, and Montalembert's innovations. Chapters explore the style of Napoleonic fortifications, siege warfare, artillery and engineering corps, as well as the Napoleonic achievements in France, Italy, German and the Netherlands, including projects that were planned but never completed. Included are nearly 250 line drawings of historic fortifications.

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38,5 MB
15 lip 18 15:18

Jean-Denis G. G. Lepage - French Fortifications, 1 715-1815, An Illustrated History (2009).pdf

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81 KB
15 lip 18 15:18

Julian Hoppit - Parliaments, Nations and Identitie s in Britain and Ireland, 1660-1850 (2003).jpg

In 1660 the four nations of the British Isles were governed by one imperial crown but by three parliaments. The abolition of the Scottish and Irish Parliaments in 1707 and 1800 created a UK of Great Britain and Ireland centered upon the Westminster legislature. This book address questions about how this monolith affected identities in the four nations. From a wide variety of perspectives, it shows how the parliaments at Dublin, Edinburgh and, especially, Westminster, were seen and used in very different ways by people from very different communities. Parliament may have been conceived as a repository of “the” national interest, but in practice it was the site of four national and multiple cross-national identities.

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10,3 MB
15 lip 18 15:18

Julian Hoppit - Parliaments, Nations and Identitie s in Britain and Ireland, 1660-1850 (2003).pdf

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55 KB
15 lip 18 15:18

Neil Philip - Myths & Legends Explained (2007).jpg

Taking an original photographic approach to look in detail at certain topics,
these four fascinating books provide deeper understanding and richer enjoyment
of the worlds of architecture, art, famous artists, and myths and legends.

AUTHOR BIO: One of the world's leading experts on mythology and folklore, Neil
Philip, Ph.D. has written more than 30 books, including DK's The Illustrated
Book of Myths

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14 KB
15 lip 18 15:18

Willie F. Page - Encyclopedia of African History a nd Culture, vol. 1-5 (2005).jpg

Authoritative and Illuminating; This comprehensive set covers the entire expanse of African history as never before. It treats Africa - its geography, art, cultures, peoples, personalities, and even its wildlife - in three volumes, each devoted to a major period in the continent's development. Each volume's in-depth, heavily cross-referenced, and alphabetical entries draw students, researchers, and general readers into the histories of ancient cities, powerful kingdoms, and charismatic leaders, many of whom are little known. Filled with fascinating sidebars, unusual illustrations, and above all wonderful stories, these accessible, attractive, and very readable encyclopedias are authoriative information sources as well as enteratining and illuminating guides to the world's most diverse continent. Ancient Africa; This volume covers the earliest stages of Africa's history, from civilization's beginnings through the Metallic Age, the kingdoms of Egypt and Nubia, Africa's interaction with ancient Greece and Rome, and the rise of Kush and Aksum. African Kingdoms; The focus of tis volume is on the period from approximately 500 through 1500, encompassing the powerful kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai along with the wealthy city-states of the west and south. African Conquest and Colonization; Covering the period from approximately 1500 to 1850, this volume examines the Grain, Gold, and Slave Coasts; the rise of the slave trade; the partitioning of West Africa; and the traditional governments, religions, and arts of the regions.

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59,5 MB
15 lip 18 15:18

Willie F. Page - Encyclopedia of African History a nd Culture, vol. 1-5 (2005) [PDF x 5].zip

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206 KB
15 lip 18 15:18

Tom Bowling - Pirates and Privateers (2009).jpg

From Robert Louis Stevenson-s Treasure Island to Errol Flynn in Captain Blood on to today-s Pirates of the Caribbean, the romantic image of pirates in modern Western popular culture has long been with us. But of course pirates come in many guises, and not all of them as charming as Johnny Depp.
Pirates are outlaws who move quickly, a form of lawlessness based on the application of immense short term power by mobile forces which fade away, similar to guerrilla warfare.
In Pirates and Privateers Tom Bowling offers a lively history of piracy, from ancient times through the -privateers- such as Morgan, with their Letters of Marque (an early example of State-sponsored terrorism), to the still real and flourishing threat of contemporary pirates that patrol the less well-regulated shipping lanes of the world today.

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1,1 MB
15 lip 18 15:18

Tom Bowling - Pirates and Privateers (2009).pdf

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161 KB
15 lip 18 15:18

Duane W. Roller - Cleopatra, A Biography (2010).jpg

Few personalities from classical antiquity are more famous--yet more poorly understood--than Cleopatra VII, queen of Egypt. In the centuries since her death in 30 BC, she has been endlessly portrayed in the arts and popular culture, from Shakespearean tragedy to paintings, opera, and movies. Despite the queen's enduring celebrity, however, many have dismissed her as a mere seductress. In this major new biography, Duane Roller reveals that Cleopatra was in fact a learned and visionary leader whose overarching goal was always the preservation of her dynasty and kingdom.
Roller's authoritative account is the first to be based solely on primary materials from the Greco-Roman period: literary sources, Egyptian documents (Cleopatra's own writings), and representations in art and coinage produced while she was alive. His compelling portrait of the queen illuminates her prowess as a royal administrator who managed a large and diverse kingdom extending from Asia Minor to the interior of Egypt, as a naval commander who led her own fleet in battle, and as a scholar and supporter of the arts. Even her love affairs with Julius Caesar and Marcus Antonius--the source of her reputation as a supreme seductress who drove men to their doom--were carefully crafted state policies: she chose these partners to insure the procreation of successors who would be worthy of her distinguished dynasty. That Cleopatra ultimately lost to her Roman opponents, Roller contends, in no way diminishes her abilities.
This definitive portrait restores the Egyptian queen to her rightful historical status as a potent force in the ancient world--one whose policies and influence long survived her and played a determining role in the future course of the Roman empire.

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Logan Thompson - Daggers and Bayonets, A History ( 1999).jpg

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Logan Thompson - Daggers and Bayonets, A History ( 1999).pdf

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Carla Rahn Phillips - The Treasure of the San José , Death at Sea in the War of the Spanish Successio n (2007).jpg

All History - Carla Rahn Phillips - The Treasure of the San Jos, De...eath at Sea in the War of the Spanish Succession 2007.jpg

Sunk in a British ambush in 1708, the Spanish galleon San José was rumored to have one of the richest cargos ever lost at sea. Though treasure hunters have searched for the wreck's legendary bounty, no one knows exactly how much went down with the ship or exactly where it sank. Here, Carla Rahn Phillips confronts the legend of lost treasure with documentary records of the San José's final voyage and suggests that the loss of silver and gold en route to Spain paled in comparison to the loss of the six hundred men who went down with the ship.
Drawing from rich archival records, Phillips presents a biography of the ship and its crew. With vivid detail and meticulous scholarship, the author tells the stories of the officers, sailors, apprentices, and pages who manned the ship and explains the historical context in which the San José became prey to the British squadron.
But the story does not end with the sinking of the San José. While Phillips addresses the persistent question of how much treasure was on board when the ship went down, she focuses on the human dimensions of the tragedy as well. She recovers the accounts of British naval officers involved in the battle, and examines the impact of the ship's loss on the Spanish government, the survivors, and the families of the men who perished. Original, comprehensive, and compelling, The Treasure of the San José separates popular myth from history and sheds light on the human lives associated with a "treasure" ship.

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Carla Rahn Phillips - The Treasure of the San José , Death at Sea in the War of the Spanish Successio n (2007).pdf

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Frank Uekoetter - The Green and the Brown, A Histo ry of Conservation in Nazi Germany (2006).jpg

This study provides the first comprehensive discussion of conservation in Nazi Germany. Looking at Germany in an international context, it analyses the roots of conservation in the late 19th century, the gradual adaptation of racist and nationalist thinking among conservationists in the 1920s and their indifference to the Weimar Republic. It describes how the German conservation movement came to cooperate with the Nazi regime and discusses the ideological and institutional lines between the conservation movement and the Nazis. Uekoetter further examines how the conservation movement struggled to do away with a troublesome past after World War II, making the environmentalists one of the last groups in German society to face up to its Nazi burden. It is a story of ideological convergence, of tactical alliances, of careerism, of implication in crimes against humanity, and of deceit and denial after 1945. It is also a story that offers valuable lessons for today's environmental movement.

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