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	!! HISTORIA - książki, artykuły
	@ Fizyka. Serie
	@ Matematyka. Serie
	_ Astronomia
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	_ Clayden i in - Chemia organiczna + rozwiązania
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	♥ Matematyka
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11,1 MB
15 lip 18 15:18

Philip G. Dwyer - Talleyrand (2002).pdf

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15 lip 18 15:18

Tony Claydon - William III (2002).jpg

* Offers interpretation of long-term instability of Stuart Britain - key for students of 17th-century Britain.
* Undergraduate courses on Stuart Britain numerous and popular.
* Makes important contribution to current debates about why chronic instability ended so suddenly - of wide interest.
* General interest in English Civil War and the Glorious Revolution - fuelled by recent TV history documentaries.
* Role of William as icon of Ulster protestantism - full chapter on Irish problem.
William III, William of Orange (1650-1702), is a key figure, and yet a strangely neglected one, in British history. Although parliament established its right to rule in the aftermath of the Glorious Revolution, William III remained one of the architects of the European resistance to France. And while we tend to think of William-and-Mary as a kind of joined-at-the-hip unit, Mary in fact died in 1694, leaving William as sole monarch for the last, and most crucial, eight years of his reign. It was an awkward period since William was personally unpopular, his continental ties the source of suspicion and resentment, and his claim to the throne had only been through his wife. However, the resultant tensions between king and parliament, inevitable given the constitutional uncertainties in the aftermath of the Glorious Revolution, were in fact productive and in many ways one can see this period as the crucible of the modern parliamentary state. Great developments were set in motion during the reign. The establishment of The Bank of England and modern notions of finance and a National Debt were among these changes. Ministerial responsibility was recognized, the liberty of the press secured, and the standing army transferred to the control of Parliament. Also, the status of the Church of England was reinforced, though some measure of toleration was provided for in matters of personal conscience. Claydon will investigate all these aspects of the reign in their wider context.

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15 lip 18 15:18

Tony Claydon - William III (2002).pdf

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15 lip 18 15:18

Bernd Langensiepen, Ahmet Guleryuz, James Cooper - The Ottoman Steam Navy 1828-1923 (1995).jpg

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127,1 MB
15 lip 18 15:18

Bernd Langensiepen, Ahmet Guleryuz, James Cooper - The Ottoman Steam Navy 1828-1923 (1995).pdf

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15 lip 18 15:18

Mark Healy - Warriors of the Old Testament (1989).jpg

This is a good book for those who would like to learn more about the cultural aspects of the Old Testament. It covers all aspects of warfare and has numerous photographs and illustrations.

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64,7 MB
15 lip 18 15:18

Mark Healy - Warriors of the Old Testament (1989).pdf

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15 lip 18 15:18

Osprey - Men-at-Arms 453 - Stuart Reid - Armies of the East India Company (2009).jpg

Contrary to popular belief, the capture of India was not accomplished by the British Army, but by the private armies of the East India Company, whose primary objective was the protection of their trading empire. Under the leadership of the legendary Robert Clive (founder of the East India Company) and Stringer Lawrence, this small force of mercenaries and adventurers grew in size and strength to eventually become an army larger than that of any European sovereign state. Highly disciplined and professional, it fought almost continuously for a century until the Great Mutiny of 1857 led to its disbandment and its troops passed into Crown service. One of the many British Army officers who fought with this force was Arthur Wellesley, the future Duke of Wellington. This is the fascinating history of the East India Company army, examining the many conflicts in which they fought, and their equipment and training, with its regiments of horse, foot and guns, which rivalled those of most European powers. The exotic uniforms combining traditional Indian and British dress are illustrated in detail and make for a wonderfully colorful account of a private band of adventurers that successfully captured the jewel of the British Empire.

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15 lip 18 15:18

Eugene Fromentin - Between Sea and Sahara, An Orie ntalist Adventure (2004).jpg

Between Sea and Sahara is one of the great classics of travel-writing about the Middle East. Fromentin's masterpiece is a symbol of nineteenth century Europe's fascination with the Orient and a tale of passion and adventure set in Algeria in the third decade of French colonization. This is a compelling eyewitness account of the country and its people, questioning France's--and his own--presence there. In his desire to capture the essence of this world on paper as well as canvas, Fromentin reveals much about the roots of this colonial relationship, the repercussions of which can still be felt today.

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15 lip 18 15:18

Eugene Fromentin - Between Sea and Sahara, An Orie ntalist Adventure (2004).pdf

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15 lip 18 15:18

John Edward Philips - Writing African History (200 5).jpg

Writing African History is an essential work for anyone who wants to write, or even seriously read, African history. It will replace Daniel McCall's classic Africa in Time Perspective as the introduction to African history for the next generation and as a reference for professional historians, interested readers, and anyone who wants to understand how African history is written. Africa in Time Perspective was written in the 1960s, when African history was a new field of research. This new book reflects the development of African history since then. It opens with a comprehensive introduction by Daniel McCall, followed by a chapter by the editor explaining what African history is (and is not) in the context of historical theory and the development of historical narrative, the humanities, and social sciences. The first half of the book includes chapters on sources of historical data, including oral tradition (David Henige) and oral history (Barbara Cooper), indigenous written documents (John Hunwick) precolonial European documents (John Thornton) and colonial and mission documents (Toyin Falola), as well as chapters on archaeology (Susan Keech McIntosh), biology (Dorothea Bedigian), physical anthropology (S.O.Y. Keita) and historical linguistics (Christopher Ehret). The second half of the book includes chapters about different perspectives on history. Covered in this section are social science (Isaac Olawale Albert), art history (Henry John Drewal), Africanizing history (Diedre L. Badejo), economic history (Masao Yoshida), local history (Bala Achi), memory and history (Donatien DIBWE dia Mwembu), world systems theory (William G. Martin), African links to the African diaspora (Joseph E. Holloway), and gender perspectives (Kathleen Sheldon). The editor's final chapter explains how to combine various sorts of evidence into a coherent account of African history. Writing African History will become the most important guide to African history for the 21st century.

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15 lip 18 15:18

John Edward Philips - Writing African History (200 5).pdf

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15 lip 18 15:18

The Modern Scholar - Timothy B. Shutt - Wars that Made the Western World, The Persian Wars, The Pelo ponnesian War, and the Punic Wars (2004).jpg

All History - The Modern Scholar - Timothy B. Shutt - Wars that Mad...Wars, The Peloponnesian War, and the Punic Wars 2004.jpg

This course addresses three wars fought in antiquity, each of which had — even two thousand years and more later — a decisive effect in shaping our communal sense of who we are, not only in Europe, but throughout the European cultural diaspora, in the Americas, in Oceania, and to some degree, at least, in Asia and Africa as well — wherever, in short, Western values hold. The three wars to be investigated here are the Persian Wars, between a coalition of Greek city-states or “poleis,” most notably Athens and Sparta, and the Achaemenid Persian empire, the central and decisive portion of which took place between 490 and 479 B.C.E.; the later Peloponnesian War between Athens and her allies and Sparta and hers, 431-404 B.C.E.; and finally (3) the three Punic Wars between Rome and Carthage, which stretched, on and off, for well more than a century, from 264 to 146 B.C.E.
Each of these wars helped, in profound and perhaps surprising ways, to shape, even still, our ideals, our identity, and our values.

01 - The Persian Wars: Greece and Persia, the Opening Rounds
02 - The Persian Wars: Darius, Miltiades, and the Battle of Marathon
03 - The Persian Wars: Xerxes, Leonidas and the 300 Spartans, the Battle of Thermopylae
04 - The Persian Wars: Xerxes, Themistocles, and the Battle of Salamis
05 - The Persian Wars: Mardonius and the Final Victory of Greece: The Battles of Plataea and Mycale
06 - The Peloponnesian War: The Outbreak, Pericles, and the Plague
07 - The Peloponnesian War: Melos and Mytilene, Athens Overreaches
08 - The Peloponnesian War: Alcibiades, Nicias, and Syracuse; Sparta Sends a General
09 - The Peloponnesian War: Arginousai, Aegospotomoi, Lysander and the Bitter End
10 - The Punic Wars: Rome and Carthage, the First Punic War
11 - The Punic Wars: The Second Punic War, Hannibal Crosses the Alps, Lake Trasimene
12 - The Punic Wars: Carthage Triumphant, the Battle of Cannae, Fabius Maximus - Cunctator
13 - The Punic Wars: Rome Wins at Last, Scipio Africanus and Zama
14 - The Punic Wars: "Cartago Delinda Est," the Third Punic War

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0,7 MB
15 lip 18 15:18

The Modern Scholar - Timothy B. Shutt - Wars That Made the Western World, The Persian Wars, the Pelo ponnesian War, and the Punic Wars, Guidebook (2004 ).pdf

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332,8 MB
15 lip 18 15:18

Audiobook - The Modern Scholar - Timothy B. Shutt - Wars that Made the Western World, The Persian Wa rs, The Peloponnesian War, and the Punic Wars (20 04) read by Timothy B. Shutt (485m19s).mp3

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15 lip 18 15:18

David Peat - From Certainty to Uncertainty, The St ory of Science and Ideas in the Twentieth Century (2002).jpg

All History - David Peat - From Certainty to Uncertainty, The Story...y of Science and Ideas in the Twentieth Century 2002.jpg

At the same time that 20th-century science brought unprecedented advances, it also led to the growing awareness of the limitations of scientific knowledge itself. Through wonderfully concise, clear metaphors, physicist Peat (Infinite Potential) traces the philosophy of science from the 19th through the 20th centuries, showing how the earlier era¡s faith in the reliability of scientific research, and its belief that it was theoretically possible to predict the behavior of everything from particles to people, was abruptly shaken in the 20th century. Peat focuses especially on how the theory of relativity, quantum mechanics and chaos theory brought about cataclysmic changes in our worldview.

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3,8 MB
15 lip 18 15:18

David Peat - From Certainty to Uncertainty, The St ory of Science and Ideas in the Twentieth Century (2002).pdf

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15 lip 18 15:18

Robert Bideleux, Ian Jeffri - A History of Eastern Europe, Crisis and Change (2007).jpg

This welcome second edition of A History of Eastern Europe provides comprehensive coverage of a complex past, from antiquity to the present day.
This new edition provides a thematic historical survey of the formative processes of political, social and economic change which have played paramount roles in shaping the evolution and development of the region. Subjects covered include:
* Eastern Europe in ancient, medieval and early modern times
* the legacies of Byzantium, the Ottoman Empire and the Habsburg Empire
* the impact of the region's powerful Russian and Germanic neighbours
* rival concepts of 'Central' and 'Eastern' Europe
* the experience and consequences of the two World Wars
* varieties of fascism in Eastern Europe
* the impact of Communism from the 1940s to the 1980s
* post-Communist democratization and marketization
* the eastward enlargement of the EU.
Including two new chronologies – one for the Balkans and one for East-Central Europe – and a glossary of key terms and concepts, A History of Eastern Europe is the ideal companion for all students of Eastern Europe.

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15 lip 18 15:18

Emma Blake, A. Bernard Knapp - The Archaeology of Mediterranean Prehistory (2005).jpg

This book offers a comprehensive introduction to the archaeology of Mediterranean prehistory. Its case studies, spanning the Neolithic through the Iron Age, are drawn from all the Mediterranean’s major lands, coasts, and islands. Written by fourteen of the leading archaeologists in the field, The Archaeology of Mediterranean Prehistory presents diverse theoretical approaches that enable students as well as other archaeologists to see the benefits of multivocality. The chapters look beyond Mediterranean diversity toward common links based on social interaction and geography. The book also includes an introductory overview that situates this work in wider Mediterranean scholarship and offers new insights into the histories and cultures of ancient Mediterranean peoples.

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15 lip 18 15:18

Emma Blake, A. Bernard Knapp - The Archaeology of Mediterranean Prehistory (2005).pdf

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15 lip 18 15:18

Agneta Wallin Levinovitz - The Nobel Prize, The Fi rst 100 Years (2001).jpg

The Nobel Prize, as founded in Alfred Nobel's will, was the first truly international prize. There is no other award with the same global scope and mission. The Nobel Prizes in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, Peace, and the Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences (from 1969) have not only captured the most significant contributions to the progress of mankind, they also constitute distinct markers of the major trends in their respective areas. The main reason for the prestige of the Prize today is, however, the lasting importance of the names on the list of Laureates and their contributions to human development.
In celebration of the centennial of the Nobel Prize in 2001, this book offers a clear perspective on the development of human civilization over the past hundred years. The book serves to present the major trends and developments and also provide information about the life and philosophy of Alfred Nobel, the history of the Nobel Foundation, and the procedure for nominating and selecting Nobel Laureates.

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1,8 MB
15 lip 18 15:18

Agneta Wallin Levinovitz - The Nobel Prize, The Fi rst 100 Years (2001).djvu

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15 lip 18 15:18

William F. Tucker - Mahdis and Millenarians, Shiit e Extremists in Early Muslim Iraq (2008).jpg

Mahdis and Millenarians is a study of early extremist Shiites in Iraq and Iran. These sectarians originated certain doctrines and religious practices that influenced a number of later Shiite religious and political movements. Their millenarian expectations and willingness to use force against perceived enemies gave them a sense of solidarity and coherence that could be effectively mobilized in revolutionary or conflict situations. They should be viewed primarily within the context of world millenarian sectarian movements.

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10,2 MB
15 lip 18 15:18

William F. Tucker - Mahdis and Millenarians, Shiit e Extremists in Early Muslim Iraq (2008).pdf

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15 lip 18 15:18

Magnus T. Bernhardsson - Reclaiming a Plundered Pa st, Archaeology and Nation Building in Modern Iraq (2005).jpg

The looting of the Iraqi National Museum in April of 2003 provoked a world outcry at the loss of artifacts regarded as part of humanity's shared cultural patrimony. But though the losses were unprecedented in scale, the museum looting was hardly the first time that Iraqi heirlooms had been plundered or put to political uses. From the beginning of archaeology as a modern science in the nineteenth century, Europeans excavated and appropriated Iraqi antiquities as relics of the birth of Western civilization. Since Iraq was created in 1921, the modern state has used archaeology to forge a connection to the ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia and/or Islamic empires and so build a sense of nationhood among Iraqis of differing religious traditions and ethnicities. This book delves into the ways that archaeology and politics intertwined in Iraq during the British Mandate and the first years of nationhood before World War II. Magnus Bernhardsson begins with the work of British archaeologists who conducted extensive excavations in Iraq and sent their finds to the museums of Europe. He then traces how Iraqis' growing sense of nationhood led them to confront the British over antiquities law and the division of archaeological finds between Iraq and foreign excavators. He shows how Iraq's control over its archaeological patrimony was directly tied to the balance of political power and how it increased as power shifted to the Iraqi government. Finally he examines how Iraqi leaders, including Saddam Hussein, have used archaeology and history to legitimize the state and its political actions.

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11,3 MB
15 lip 18 15:18

Magnus T. Bernhardsson - Reclaiming a Plundered Pa st, Archaeology and Nation Building in Modern Iraq (2005).pdf

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15 lip 18 15:18

The Modern Scholar - Thomas F. Madden - The Mediev al World, vol. I, Kingdoms, Empires, and War (2007 ).jpeg

Professor Thomas F. Madden Biography:
Thomas F. Madden is a professor of history and director of the Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies at Saint Louis University. His numerous scholarly publications include Empires of Trust: How Rome Built—and America Is Building—a New World (Dutton, 2008), The New Concise History of the Crusades (Rowman and Littlefield, 2005), Enrico Dandolo and the Rise of Venice (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003), and The Fourth Crusade: The Conquest of Constantinople (University of Pennsylvania Press, 1997), coauthored with Donald E. Queller. He is a recognized expert on pre-modern history, frequently appearing in such venues as the New York Times, Washington Post, USA Today, National Public Radio, the Discovery Channel, and the History Channel. His scholarly awards include the Haskins Medal of the Medieval Academy of America and the Otto Gründler Prize of the Medieval Institute.

01 - The End of an Empire and the Beginning of the World
02 - Justinian I and the Reconquest of the West
03 - Storm in the East: The Rise of Islam
04 - The New Masters of Rome: The Popes
05 - A New Empire: The Carolingians
06 - Devastation Again: The New Invasions of Europe
07 - To Reform and Rebuild: The Eleventh-Century Reform Movement
08 - The Clash of Church and State: The Investiture Controversy
09 - The Crusades
10 - Growing Kingdoms: England and France
11 - The Rise and Fall of the Papal Monarchy
12 - Europe Asunder: The Avignon Papacy and the Great Schism
13 - The Hundred Years War
14 - Europe Stands Alone: The Fall of Constantinople

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Audiobook - The Modern Scholar - Thomas F. Madden - The Medieval World, vol. I, Kingdoms, Empires, a nd War (2007) read by Thomas F. Madden (501m4s).mp3

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The Modern Scholar - Thomas F. Madden - The Mediev al World, vol. II, Society, Economy, and Culture ( 2007).jpeg

01 - The Legacy of Rome and the Coming of the Germans Lecture
02 - Christianity Triumphant Lecture
03 - Monks and Monasteries Lecture
04 - Villas, Manors, and the Feudal System Lecture
05 - The Carolingian Renaissance Lecture
06 - Daily Life and the Family Lecture
07 - Gothic Architecture Lecture
08 - The Rise of Universities Lecture
09 - The Commercial Revolution and the Rise of Towns Lecture
10 - The Rise of Parliamentary Systems Lecture
11 - Courtly Literature and the Rise of Vernacular Lecture
12 - Heresy and Inquisition Lecture
13 - The Coming of the Friars Lecture
14 - The Black Death and Its Legacy

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