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	!! HISTORIA - książki, artykuły
	@ Fizyka. Serie
	@ Matematyka. Serie
	_ Astronomia
	_ Chemia. Organiczna
	_ Clayden i in - Chemia organiczna + rozwiązania
	_ Fizyka. Akustyka
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	♥ Matematyka
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	2. NOWOŻYTNOŚĆ (DO 1795)
	Aleksander Paroń - Pieczyngowie (Instytut Archeologii i Etnologii PAN 2015)
	algorithms
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	Ewa Wipszycka, Benedetto Bravo - Historia starożytnych Greków (tom III - okres hellenistyczny)(w yd. 2 popr. 2010)
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	Teofilakt Simokatta - Historia powszechna (Anna Kotłowska, Łukasz Różycki)
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10,7 MB
15 lip 18 15:18

Osprey - Men-at-Arms 251 - C.J. Peers - Medieval C hinese Armies 1260-1520 (1992).pdf

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169 KB
15 lip 18 15:18

Osprey - Men-at-Arms 284 - C.J. Peers - Imperial C hinese Armies (1), 200 BC-589 AD (2002).jpg

After AD 304 the five 'barbarian' tribes divided north China among themselves, setting up dynasties which were often Chinese only in name, and feuding constantly both with each other and with the native states, whose stronghold was now in the south. It was under this barbarian influence that the heavily-armoured cavalry which were to become the striking force of the great T'ang dynasty in the 7th and 8th centuries first developed. In a knowledgeable text complemented by numerous illustrations, this book explores the history, weaponry, tactics and organisation of medieval Chinese armies between 200 BC and AD 589.

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10,4 MB
15 lip 18 15:18

Osprey - Men-at-Arms 284 - C.J. Peers - Imperial C hinese Armies (1), 200 BC-589 AD (2002).pdf

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200 KB
15 lip 18 15:18

Osprey - Men-at-Arms 307 - C.J. Peers - Late Imper ial Chinese Armies, 1520-1840 (1997).jpg

This volume covers the period of the height of the Chinese Empire, from the latter part of the Ming Empire, including the war with Korea against Samurai Japan, through the rise of the Manchu dynasty, and the Ching dynasty during which China expanded to her largest ever extent until the eve of the disastrous Opium wars. The authors also examine the effect on China of the influences of the West from the 1840s onwards.

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2,4 MB
15 lip 18 15:18

Osprey - Men-at-Arms 307 - C.J. Peers - Late Imper ial Chinese Armies, 1520-1840 (1997).pdf

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258 KB
15 lip 18 15:18

Osprey - Campaign 14 - Ian Castle - Zulu War 1879, Twilight of a Warrior Nation (1992).jpg

In the late 1870s the British Imperial administration in the Cape colony in southern Africa began to view the Zulu kingdom as a challenge to its authority.To contain this perceived threat, the British engineered a war. The early campaigns went terribly wrong, with the decisive Zulu victory at Isandlwana. Ultimately however, the British won the war. The Zulus, primarily reliant on their skill with the stabbing spear, had no real defence or retaliation against the massed firepower of professional British soldiers. Ian Castle examines the British-Zulu war and its two key battles, Isandlwana and Khambula, with excellent black and white photographs accompanying the clear and detailed text.

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51,3 MB
15 lip 18 15:18

Osprey - Campaign 14 - Ian Castle - Zulu War 1879, Twilight of a Warrior Nation (1992).PDF

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191 KB
15 lip 18 15:18

Osprey - Men-at-Arms 301 - Ian Knight - The Boer Wars (1), 1836-98 (1996).jpg

Over the space of two centuries, the original Dutch settlers of South Africa, augmented by a trickle of refugees from a succession of religious wars in France and Germany, grew into a hardy breed. In time, these people came to think of themselves as white Africans or 'Afrikaners' though they were generally known to one another, and outsiders, as 'Boers', meaning farmers. This book details the fascinating history of the Boers from the 'Great Trek' of 1836-40, through theirr many wars with such peoples as the Zulus and the Pedi, to their final defeat of the Venda in 1898.

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16,9 MB
15 lip 18 15:18

Osprey - Men-at-Arms 301 - Ian Knight - The Boer Wars (1), 1836-98 (1996).pdf

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272 KB
15 lip 18 15:18

Osprey - Men-at-Arms 303 - Ian Knight - The Boer Wars (2), 1898-1902 (1997).jpg

On 11 October 1899 the Second Boer War between the British and the Boers began. The war saw the most powerful professional army in the world pitted against the unconventional tactics of the undisciplined Boers. Although the Boers were finally forced to surrender in May 1902 the war had taken its toll on their opponents who lost some 8,000 troops killed in action with a further 13,000 dying from disease. This book covers the organisation, uniforms and very different tactics involved in the conflict, from guerrilla warfare to a final war of attrition that the Boers could not hope to win.

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144 KB
15 lip 18 15:18

Clark G. Reynolds - Command of the Sea, The Histor y and Strategy of Maritime Empires (1984).jpg

Here is a GREAT Non-Fic book about ALL aspects of Maritime and War use of the Seas since the dawn of man till now…it is also written so that anyone can understand and enjoy it.

Clark Gilbert Reynolds (December 11, 1939 - December 10, 2005) was an historian of naval warfare, with a particular interest in the development of U.S. naval aviation. In addition, he made contributions to the fields of world history, strategic history, and the history of maritime civilizations.
Here is a GREAT Non-Fic book about ALL aspects of Maritime and War use of the Seas since the dawn of man till now…it is also written so that anyone can understand and enjoy it.

Clark Gilbert Reynolds (December 11, 1939 - December 10, 2005) was an historian of naval warfare, with a particular interest in the development of U.S. naval aviation. In addition, he made contributions to the fields of world history, strategic history, and the history of maritime civilizations.

Biography
The eldest of the two sons of William G. and Alma E. (Clark) Reynolds, he was a native of San Gabriel, California and graduated with his bachelor of arts from the University of California, Santa Barbara in 1961. Reynolds went on the Duke University, where he earned his master of arts degree in history in 1963 and his Ph.D. in 1964 under Professor Theodore Ropp.

Reynolds began his career as an instructor, and later an associate professor, in the Department of English, History, and Government at the U.S. Naval Academy in 1964-1968. From there, he went to the University of Maine, where he served in the Department of History from 1968 to 1976 as Associate, and then full Professor. While at the University of Maine, he and William J. McAndrew conducted seminars in maritime and regional history, and Reynolds became a pivotal figure in helping to organize the North American Society for Oceanic History, serving as that organization's first secretary-treasurer.

From 1976 to 1978, he was Professor, and later head of the Department of Humanities with the rank of captain in the U.S. Merchant Marine at the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy at Kings Point New York.

He served briefly as visiting professor at Mississippi State University in the autumn of 1979, but for most of the decade between 1978 to 1988, he was an independent scholar, working as the part-time curator and historian at the Patriot's Point Naval and Maritime Museum in Charleston, South Carolina. In 1988, he was appointed professor of history and served as chairman of the history Department at the College of Charleston from 1988 to 1993. In 1999, he was appointed Distinguished Professor and served in that capacity until his retirement in 2002, when he was named Distinguished Professor Emeritus.

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10,2 MB
15 lip 18 15:18

Clark G. Reynolds - Command of the Sea, The Histor y and Strategy of Maritime Empires (1984).pdf

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174 KB
15 lip 18 15:18

Stephen Hause, William Maltby - Western Civilizati on, A History of European Society (2004).jpg

Completely revised with your students' success in mind, WESTERN CIVILIZATION: A HISTORY OF EUROPEAN SOCIETY offers a concise overview of the social and political forces that have shaped the West. In fewer pages than other texts, Hause and Maltby's narrative presents a social history of Western civilization within the essential contexts of major military and political events. The text's strong reliance on primary sources--excerpts of original documents that flesh out the concepts covered in the narrative, tables and graphs that collect the raw social and economic data of history--brings the reader right into the pages of history, giving them a fascinating look at the events that have shaped the world in which they live.

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27 KB
15 lip 18 15:18

George Gamow - The Great Physicists from Galileo t o Einstein (1988).jpg

Outstanding text by one of the 20th century’s foremost physicists dramatically explains how the central laws of physical science evolved—from Pythagoras’ discovery of frequency ratios in the sixth century B.C. to today’s research on elementary particles. Includes fascinating biographical data about such immortals as Galileo, Newton, Huygens, Einstein and others.

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12,0 MB
15 lip 18 15:18

George Gamow - The Great Physicists from Galileo t o Einstein (1988).djvu

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269 KB
15 lip 18 15:18

Jeremy D. Popkin - Facing Racial Revolution, Eyewi tness Accounts of the Haitian Insurrection (2008).jpg

The only truly successful slave uprising in the Atlantic world, the Haitian Revolution gave birth to the first independent black republic of the modern era. Inspired by the revolution that had recently roiled their French rulers, black slaves and people of mixed race alike rose up against their oppressors in a bloody insurrection that led to the burning of the colony’s largest city, a bitter struggle against Napoleon’s troops, and in 1804, the founding of a free nation.

Numerous firsthand narratives of these events survived, but their invaluable insights into the period have long languished in obscurity—until now. In Facing Racial Revolution, Jeremy D. Popkin unearths these documents and presents excerpts from more than a dozen accounts written by white colonists trying to come to grips with a world that had suddenly disintegrated. These dramatic writings give us our most direct portrayal of the actions of the revolutionaries, vividly depicting encounters with the uprising’s leaders—Toussaint Louverture, Boukman, and Jean-Jacques Dessalines—as well as putting faces on many of the anonymous participants in this epochal moment. Popkin’s expert commentary on each selection provides the necessary background about the authors and the incidents they describe, while also addressing the complex question of the witnesses’ reliability and urging the reader to consider the implications of the narrators’ perspectives.

Along with the American and French revolutions, the birth of Haiti helped shape the modern world. The powerful, moving, and sometimes troubling testimonies collected in Facing Racial Revolution significantly expand our understanding of this momentous event.

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39 KB
15 lip 18 15:18

Tom Standage - The Victorian Internet, The Remarka ble Story of the Telegraph and the Nineteenth Cent ury's On-Line Pioneers (1998).jpg

All History - Tom Standage - The Victorian Internet, The Remarkable...ph and the Nineteenth Centurys On-Line Pioneers 1998.jpg

Imagine an almost instantaneous communication system that would allow people and governments all over the world to send and receive messages about politics, war, illness, and family events. The government has tried and failed to control it, and its revolutionary nature is trumpeted loudly by its backers. The Internet? Nope, the humble telegraph fit this bill way back in the 1800s. The parallels between the now-ubiquitous Internet and the telegraph are amazing, offering insight into the ways new technologies can change the very fabric of society within a single generation. In The Victorian Internet, Tom Standage examines the history of the telegraph, beginning with a horrifically funny story of a mile-long line of monks holding a wire and getting simultaneous shocks in the interest of investigating electricity, and ending with the advent of the telephone. All the early "online" pioneers are here: Samuel Morse, Thomas Edison, and a seemingly endless parade of code-makers, entrepreneurs, and spies who helped ensure the success of this communications revolution. Fans of Longitude will enjoy another story of the human side of dramatic technological developments, complete with personal rivalry, vicious competition, and agonizing failures.

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17,2 MB
15 lip 18 15:18

Tom Standage - The Victorian Internet, The Remarka ble Story of the Telegraph and the Nineteenth Cent ury's On-Line Pioneers (1998).pdf

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215 KB
15 lip 18 15:18

Simon J. Bronner - Crossing the Line, Violence, Pl ay, and Drama in Naval Equator Traditions (2007).jpg

For centuries, new sailors from European and North American countries have been subjected to an elaborate hazing at sea called “crossing the line.” Typically initiated upon a crossing of the equator, the beatings, dunkings, sexual play, and drinking displays that constitute crossing the line have in recent decades been banned by some fleets— but they have also been the subject of staunch defenses and fond reminiscences. Crossing the Line studies the purpose and the changing meaning of the ceremony, substantially revising long-held assumptions.

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5,8 MB
15 lip 18 15:18

Simon J. Bronner - Crossing the Line, Violence, Pl ay, and Drama in Naval Equator Traditions (2007).pdf

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17 KB
15 lip 18 15:18

Jonathan C. Brown - Oil and Revolution in Mexico ( 1993).jpg

Anyone contemplating the consequences of foreign investment in Latin America will profit from reading this book. As Jonathan Brown shows, the dynamic growth of the Mexican oil industry resulted from both the domination of foreign capital and Mexico's own economic restructuring, conditions similar to those under which free-market reforms are being adopted throughout the hemisphere today. Brown's research into the operations of the British and American oil companies in Mexico between 1880 and 1920 reveals their involvement in the events that led the country to revolution in 1910. He weaves a fascinating, exciting story out of the maneuverings among oil men, politicians, diplomats, and workers in a period of massive social upheaval. Oil companies brought capital, technology, and jobs to Mexico, but they also threatened its deeply rooted social heritage. Brown shows that the Mexican response to this double-edged situation was far more effective than has been recognized. Mexicans of all classes were remarkably successful in imposing their own traditions on the powerful companies. Lively, provocative but evenhanded, with darts of wry humor, this study will engage a wide variety of readers: business, economic, political, labor, and social historians and students of Latin America, foreign investment, and international relations.

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10,2 MB
15 lip 18 15:18

Jonathan C. Brown - Oil and Revolution in Mexico ( 1993).pdf

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90 KB
15 lip 18 15:18

Michael J. Bradley - Pioneers in Mathematics, The Age of Genius, 1300 to 1800 (2006).jpg

Although mathematical innovation stagnated in Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire, scholars in southern Asia and the Middle East continued to preserve the mathematical writings of the Greeks and contributed new ideas to arithmetic, algebra, geometry, and trigonometry, as well as astronomy and physics. The five centuries from CE 1300 to 1800 marked the end of a rich period of cultural, mathematical, and scientific advancements in China, India, and Arabic countries, while witnessing new intellectual life in Europe and the Western Hemisphere. The Age of Genius acquaints middle and high school students with the lives and contributions of 10 intriguing but perhaps lesser-known mathematical pioneers of this time. Included here, for example, is a portrait of 14th-century Iranian mathematician Ghiyāth al-Dīn Jamshīd Mas'ūd al-Kāshī, who developed and improved methods for approximating numerical values, and introduced geometrical methods for determining areas and volumes of architectural domes, arches, and vaults.

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4,9 MB
15 lip 18 15:18

Michael J. Bradley - Pioneers in Mathematics, The Age of Genius, 1300 to 1800 (2006).pdf

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233 KB
15 lip 18 15:18

Michael J. Bradley - Pioneers in Mathematics, Foun dations of Mathematics, 1800 to 1900 (2006).jpg

During the 16th and 17th centuries, mathematicians developed a wealth of new ideas but had not carefully employed accurate definitions, proofs, or procedures to document and implement them. However, in the early 19th century, mathematicians began to recognize the need to precisely define their terms, to logically prove even obvious principles, and to use rigorous methods of manipulation. "The Foundations of Mathematics" presents the lives and accomplishments of 10 mathematicians who lived between CE 1800 and 1900 and contributed to one or more of the four major initiatives that characterized the rapid growth of mathematics during the 19th century: the introduction of rigor, the investigation of the structure of mathematical systems, the development of new branches of mathematics, and the spread of mathematical activity throughout Europe. This readable new volume communicates the importance and impact of the work of the pioneers who redefined this area of study.

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2,9 MB
15 lip 18 15:18

Michael J. Bradley - Pioneers in Mathematics, Foun dations of Mathematics, 1800 to 1900 (2006).pdf

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137 KB
15 lip 18 15:18

Michael S. Neiberg, David Jordan - The History of World War I - The Eastern Front 1914-1920, From Ta nnenberg to the Russo-Polisch War (2008).jpg

All History - Michael S. Neiberg, David Jordan - The History of Wor...-1920, From Tannenberg to the Russo-Polisch War 2008.jpg

The length of the front in the East was much longer than in the West. The theatre of war was roughly delimited by the Baltic Sea in the West and Moscow in the East, a distance of 1,200 kilometers, and Saint Petersburg in the North and the Black Sea in the South, a distance of more than 1,600 kilometers. This had a drastic effect on the nature of the warfare. While World War I on the Western Front developed into trench warfare, the battle lines on the Eastern Front were much more fluid and trenches never truly developed. This was because the greater length of the front ensured that the density of soldiers in the line was lower so the line was easier to break. Once broken, the sparse communication networks made it difficult for the defender to rush reinforcements to the rupture in the line to mount a rapid counteroffensive and seal off a breakthrough. There was also the fact that the terrain in the Eastern European theatre was quite solid, often making it near impossible to construct anything resembling the complicated trench systems on the Western Front, which tended to have muddier and much more workable terrain. In short, on the Eastern front the side defending did not have the overwhelming advantages it had on the Western front. Because of this, front lines in the East kept on shifting throughout the conflict, and not just near the beginning and end of the fighting, as was the case in the West. In fact the greatest advance of the whole war was made in the East by the German Army in the summer of 1915. With the last few men who served in World War I now dying out, and the 90th anniversary of the Armistice coming in November 2008, there is no better time to revaluate this controversial war and shed fresh light on the conflict. With the aid of numerous black and white and colour photographs, many previously unpublished, the World War I series recreates the battles and campaigns that raged across the surface of the globe, on land, at sea and in the air. The text is complemented by full-colour maps that guide the reader through specific actions and campaigns.

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Michael S. Neiberg, David Jordan - The History of World War I - The Eastern Front 1914-1920, From Ta nnenberg to the Russo-Polisch War (2008).pdf

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Charles Carlton - Going to the Wars (1994).jpg

Now available in paperback, Going to the Wars studies the British Civil War as a military experience. It is not a traditional campaign history, a political history of the war, or an analysis of weapons, organization, supply or tactics. Rather Charles Carlton explains how men prepared for combat, how they fought battles and endured sieges. Others also endured the horrors of war and the book pays special attention to those often excluded from a military panorama: women, children and prisoners of war. Combining extensive research in primary sourses with the work of the new military historians such as John Keegan and Richard Holmes, Carlton provides a fresh look at the event once described by G.M. Trevelyan as the most important happening in British history.

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