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	!! HISTORIA - książki, artykuły
	@ Fizyka. Serie
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	_ Astronomia
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175 KB
15 lip 18 15:18

Charles Boutell - English Heraldry (1867).jpg

This little Volume, specially prepared for the use of students at an early period of their study of English Heraldry, commends itself also to those inquirers who may desire to obtain some information on the same general subject, without having any intention to devote to Heraldry much either of their time or of their serious regard. ~ from Preface
Contains about 450 illustrations.

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27,2 MB
15 lip 18 15:18

Charles Boutell - English Heraldry (1867).PDF

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181 KB
15 lip 18 15:18

Émile Prisse d'Avesnes - Histoire de l'Art Égyptie n; Atlas1 (1978).jpg

All History - mile Prisse dAvesnes - Histoire de lArt gyptien Atlas1 1978.jpg

Émile Prisse d'Avesnes (d'Avennes) (1807-1879) was an important mid-19th century French Egyptologist. He was a soldier, engineer, writer, illustrator and talented linguist.
From 1827 to 1844 d'Avesnes resided in Egypt, teaching cartography and working as an engineer for a time, but eventually he devoted himself to documenting and studying the archaeological treasures from ancient Egypt.
He published a number of Egypt-centric works in the decade following his return to France. The most important of d'Avesnes' publications was released in installments over ten years and eventually compiled into a three volume work (one text and two illustrated atlases) in 1878 entitled: 'Histoire de l'Art Égyptien: d'après les Monuments; Depuis les Temps les Plus Reculés Jusqu'à la Domination Romaine' (~The history of Egyptian art from monuments from the earliest times up to Roman occupation). This Volume is the 2nd illustrated Atlas in d'Avesnes work, dedicated to Ancient Egyptian Design, Painting and Industrial Art.

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15 lip 18 15:18

Émile Prisse d'Avesnes - Histoire de l'Art Égyptie n; Atlas1 (1978).pdf

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15 lip 18 15:18

Émile Prisse d'Avesnes - Histoire de l'Art Égyptie n; Atlas2 (1978).jpg

All History - mile Prisse dAvesnes - Histoire de lArt gyptien Atlas2 1978.jpg

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15 lip 18 15:18

Émile Prisse d'Avesnes - Histoire de l'Art Égyptie n; Atlas2 (1978).pdf

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15 lip 18 15:18

Edward J. Erickson - Ordered to Die, A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War (2000).jpg

The first general history in English of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Ordered to Die is based on newly available Turkish archival and official sources. Outnumbered and outgunned, the Ottoman Army performed astonishingly well in the field and managed to keep fighting until the end of the war, long after many other armies had quit the field. It fought a multi-front war against sophisticated and capable enemies, including Great Britain, France, and Russia. Erickson challenges conventional thinking about Ottoman war aims, Ottoman military effectiveness, and the influence of German assistance.

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15 lip 18 15:18

Edward J. Erickson - Ordered to Die, A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War (2000).pdf

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15 lip 18 15:18

Elena Agarossi, Harvey Fergusson II - A Nation Col lapses, The Italian Surrender of September 1943 (2 000).jpg

Drawing on mostly unpublished documents, A Nation Collapses revises the traditional understanding of a critical moment in the history of World War II: the collapse of the Italian fascist regime and Italy's unconditional surrender in September 1943. The book argues that, during their secret negotiations before the overthrow of Mussolini in July 1943, both Italy and Britain negotiated in bad faith and with a great deal of duplicity. The resulting misunderstandings and misjudgments resulted in an unexpectedly long and brutal campaign of conquest following Italy's surrender.

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15 lip 18 15:18

Thomas J. Laub - After the Fall, German Policy in Occupied France, 1940-1944 (2010).jpg

German policy in occupied France during the Second World War was in many ways a story of bitter internal conflict between the various German agencies in charge of the occupation. After the Fall provides a detailed analysis of the struggle between these different agencies, highlighting the significant differences in ideology, policy, and method between the army, the SS, and the diplomatic service, and the rivalries between them in their struggle for dominance.

While the military government tried to exploit French industrial resources, the SS was focused more exclusively upon pursuing Nazi racial policies (often to the detriment of the wider military effort). In turn, the SS felt frustrated in the pursuit of their racial policies by a lack of assistance from the military. Meanwhile, the diplomatic service was frustrated in its attempts to spread Nazi propaganda and promote Franco-German reconciliation by Hitler's refusal to approve the substantial economic or political concessions that were needed to make this policy effective. Outside this circle of rivalry, caught in a battle that they did not understand, the French leaders tried to demonstrate their loyalty to Hitler's New Order by cooperating with the various competing German agencies.

After the Fall examines how these battles developed and what they implied for the direction of German policy in France, from the exploitation of the French economy and the suppression of resistance activity to the attempt to carry out Nazi racial plans. In the process, it sheds much light on both the inner workings of the Nazi regime and on the decisions made by the French government during the course of the occupation.

About the Author
Thomas J. Laub teaches history at James Madison University and is currently working on a study of the French army during the Algerian Civil War.

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15 lip 18 15:18

James Hinton - Nine Wartime Lives, Mass Observatio n and the Making of the Modern Self (2010).jpg

In Nine Wartime Lives, James Hinton uses diaries kept by nine 'ordinary' people in wartime Britain to re-evaluate the social history of the Second World War, and to reflect on the twentieth-century making of the modern self.
These diaries were written by some of the unusually self-reflective and public-spirited people who agreed to write intimate journals about their daily activity for the social research organization, Mass Observation. One of the nine diarists discussed is Nella Last, whose published diaries have been a source of delight and fascination for many thousands of readers. Alongside her there are chapters on eight other Mass Observers, each in their own way as vivid, interesting, and surprising as Nella herself.

A central insight underpins the book: in seeking to make the best of our own lives, each of us makes selective use of the resources of our shared culture in a unique way; and, in so doing, we contribute, however modestly, to molecular processes of historical change. Placing individuals at the center of his analysis, James Hinton probes the impact of war on attitudes to citizenship, the changing relationships between men and women, and the search for meanings in life that could transcend the wartime context of limitless violence.

Consistently sensitive, thoughtful and often moving, this beautifully written book resists nostalgic contrasts between the presumed dutiful citizenship of wartime Britain and contemporary anti-social individualism, pointing instead to longer run processes of change rooted as much in struggles for personal autonomy in the private sphere as in the politics of active citizenship in public life.

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15 lip 18 15:18

Hester Barron - The 1926 Miners' Lockout, Meanings of Community in the Durham Coalfield (2010).jpg

The miners' lockout of 1926 was a pivotal moment in British twentieth-century history. Opening with the heady days of the general strike, it continued for seven months and affected one million miners. In County Durham, where almost three in every ten adult men worked in the coal industry, its impact was profound.

Hester Barron explores the way that the lockout was experienced by Durham's miners and their families. She investigates collective values and behavior, focusing particularly on the tensions between identities based around class and occupation, and the rival identities that could cut across the creation of a cohesive community. Highlighting the continuing importance of differences due to gender, age, religion, poverty, and individual hopes and aspirations, she nevertheless finds that in 1926, despite such differences, the Durham coalfield continued to display the solidarity for which miners were famed.

In response, Barron argues that the very concept of the "mining community" needs to be reassessed. Rather than consisting of an homogeneous occupational identity, she suggests that the essence of community lay in its ability to subsume and integrate other categories of identity. A collective consciousness was further grounded in a shared historical narrative that had to be continually reinforced.

It was the strength of such local solidarities that enabled both an exemplary regional response to the strike, and the ability to conceptualize such action within the wider framework of the national union. The 1926 Miners' Lockout provides crucial insights into issues of collective identity and collective action, illuminating wider debates about solidarity and fragmentation within working-class communities and cultures.

About the Author
Hester Barron is Lecturer in History at the University of Sussex. She studied at Magdalen College, Oxford and completed her D.Phil. in November 2006. Her research focuses on twentieth-century British social history, particularly labour history and the history of the working classes in the early part of the century.

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15 lip 18 15:18

Hester Barron - The 1926 Miners' Lockout, Meanings of Community in the Durham Coalfield (2010).pdf

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15 lip 18 15:18

James C. Whorton - The Arsenic Century, How Victor ian Britain was Poisoned at Home, Work, and Play ( 2010).jpg

All History - James C. Whorton - The Arsenic Century, How Victorian...ian Britain was Poisoned at Home, Work, and Play 2010.jpg

Arsenic is rightly infamous as the poison of choice for Victorian murderers. Yet the great majority of fatalities from arsenic in the nineteenth century came not from intentional poisoning, but from accident.

Kept in many homes for the purpose of poisoning rats, the white powder was easily mistaken for sugar or flour and often incorporated into the family dinner. It was also widely present in green dyes, used to tint everything from candles and candies to curtains, wallpaper, and clothing (it was arsenic in old lace that was the danger). Whether at home amidst arsenical curtains and wallpapers, at work manufacturing these products, or at play swirling about the papered, curtained ballroom in arsenical gowns and gloves, no one was beyond the poison's reach.

Drawing on the medical, legal, and popular literature of the time, The Arsenic Century paints a vivid picture of its wide-ranging and insidious presence in Victorian daily life, weaving together the history of its emergence as a nearly inescapable household hazard with the sordid story of its frequent employment as a tool of murder and suicide. And ultimately, as the final chapter suggests, arsenic in Victorian Britain was very much the pilot episode for a series of environmental poisoning dramas that grew ever more common during the twentieth century and still has no end in sight.

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15 lip 18 15:18

David Cressy - Dangerous Talk, Scandalous, Seditio us, and Treasonable Speech in Pre-Modern England ( 2010).jpg

All History - David Cressy - Dangerous Talk, Scandalous, Seditious,...us, and Treasonable Speech in Pre-Modern England 2010.jpg

Dangerous Talk examines the "lewd, ungracious, detestable, opprobrious, and rebellious-sounding" speech of ordinary men and women who spoke scornfully of kings and queens. Eavesdropping on lost conversations, it reveals the expressions that got people into trouble, and follows the fate of some of the offenders. Introducing stories and characters previously unknown to history, David Cressy explores the contested zones where private words had public consequence. Though "words were but wind," as the proverb had it, malicious tongues caused social damage, seditious words challenged political authority, and treasonous speech imperiled the crown.

Royal regimes from the house of Plantagenet to the house of Hanover coped variously with "crimes of the tongue" and found ways to monitor talk they deemed dangerous. Their response involved policing and surveillance, judicial intervention, political propaganda, and the crafting of new law. In early Tudor times to speak ill of the monarch could risk execution. By the end of the Stuart era similar words could be dismissed with a shrug. This book traces the development of free speech across five centuries of popular political culture, and shows how scandalous, seditious and treasonable talk finally gained protection as "the birthright of an Englishman." The lively and accessible work of a prize-winning social historian, it offers fresh insight into pre-modern society, the politics of language, and the social impact of the law.

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15 lip 18 15:18

David Cressy - Dangerous Talk, Scandalous, Seditio us, and Treasonable Speech in Pre-Modern England ( 2010).pdf

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15 lip 18 15:18

Tony Hallam - Catastrophes and Lesser Calamities, The Causes of Mass Extinctions (2005).jpg

This is a book about the dramatic periods in the Earth's history called mass extinctions - short periods (by geological standards) when life nearly died out on Earth. The most famous is the mass extinction that happened about 65 million years ago, and that caused the death of the dinosaurs. But that was not the worst mass extinction: that honour goes to the extinction at the end of the Permian Period, about 250 million years ago, when over 90% of life is thought to have become extinct. What caused these catastrophes? Was it the effects of a massive meteorite impact?There is evidence for such an impact about 65 million years ago. Or was it a period of massive volcanic activity? There is evidence in the rocks of huge lava flows at periods that match several of the mass extinctions. Was it something to do with climate change and sea level? Or was it a combination of some or all of these? The question has been haunting geologists for a number of years, and it forms one of the most exciting areas of research in geology today. In this book, Tony Hallam, a distinguished geologist and writer, looks at all the different theories and also what the study of mass extinctions might tell us about the future. If climate change is a key factor, we may well, as some scientists have suggested, be in a period of mass extinction of our own making.

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3,3 MB
15 lip 18 15:18

Tony Hallam - Catastrophes and Lesser Calamities, The Causes of Mass Extinctions (2005).pdf

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15 lip 18 15:18

Tokutomi Soho - The Future Japan (1989).jpg

Two decades after the collapse of the Tokugawa shogunate, the optimism of the early Meiji years was dissipating. In 1886 Tokutomi Soho's passionately eloquent Shorai no Nihon (The Future Japan) presented his panoramic view of the "world trend" of history and proclaimed that Japan must transform into an industrial and a democratic nation. Translated for the first time into English, The Future Japan offers valuable insights into the motives that led Japan to become one of the world's great powers.

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13,8 MB
15 lip 18 15:18

Tokutomi Soho - The Future Japan (1989).pdf

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15 lip 18 15:18

Thomas S. Kuhn - The Copernican Revolution, Planet ary Astronomy in the Development of Western Though t (1992).jpg

For scientist and layman alike this book provides vivid evidence that the Copernican Revolution has by no means lost its significance today. Few episodes in the development of scientific theory show so clearly how the solution to a highly technical problem can alter our basic thought processes and attitudes. Understanding the processes which underlay the Revolution gives us a perspective, in this scientific age, from which to evaluate our own beliefs more intelligently. With a constant keen awareness of the inseparable mixture of its technical, philosophical, and humanistic elements, Mr. Kuhn displays the full scope of the Copernican Revolution as simultaneously an episode in the internal development of astronomy, a critical turning point in the evolution of scientific thought, and a crisis in Western man's concept of his relation to the universe and to God.
The book begins with a description of the first scientific cosmology developed by the Greeks. Mr. Kuhn thus prepares the way for a continuing analysis of the relation between theory and observation and belief. He describes the many functions--astronomical, scientific, and nonscientific--of the Greek concept of the universe, concentrating especially on the religious implications. He then treats the intellectual, social, and economic developments which nurtured Copernicus' break with traditional astronomy. Although many of these developments, including scholastic criticism of Aristotle's theory of motion and the Renaissance revival of Neoplatonism, lie entirely outside of astronomy, they increased the flexibility of the astronomer's imagination. That new flexibility is apparent in the work of Copernicus, whose DE REVOLUTIONIBUS ORBIUM CAELESTIUM is discussed in detail both for its own significance and as a representative scientific innovation.
With a final analysis of Copernicus' life work--its reception and its contribution to a new scientific concept of the universe--Mr. Kuhn illuminates both the researches that finally made the heliocentric arrangement work, and the achievements in physics and metaphysics that made the planetary earth an integral part of Newtonian science. These are the developments that once again provided man with a coherent and self-consistent conception of the universe and of his own place in it.
This is a book for any reader interested in the evolution of ideas and, in particular, in the curious interplay of hypothesis and experiment which is the essence of modern science. Says James B. Conont in his Foreword: "Professor Kuhn's handling of the subject merits attention, for... he points the way to the road which must be followed if science is to be assimilated into the culture of our times."

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15 lip 18 15:18

Thomas S. Kuhn - The Copernican Revolution, Planet ary Astronomy in the Development of Western Though t (1992).djvu

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15 lip 18 15:18

Alicia Schrikker - Dutch and British Colonial Inte rvention in Sri Lanka, 1780-1815 (2007).jpg

This study of Dutch and British colonial intervention on Sri Lanka in the period 178 1815 provides a new over-all characterisation of the functioning and growth of the colonial state in a period of transition.

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15 lip 18 15:18

Alicia Schrikker - Dutch and British Colonial Inte rvention in Sri Lanka, 1780-1815 (2007).pdf

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Gregory Claeys - Utopias of the British Elightenme nt (1994).jpeg

This is the first major collection of eighteenth-century British utopias. Seven tracts, spanning the century, show how the image of the ideal society was used as a form of social criticism, and particularly as a means of focussing on ideas of progress and commercial development. Radical and republican thinking about property ownership, social equality, and commerce and luxury - of particular relevance to the critique of ‘corruption’ in this period - coexists with nostalgic and conservative notions of the ideal hierarchical community. The introduction, which examines the relationship of these tracts to the political thought of the period, shows how issues and developments of key importance, from the debate surrounding the French Revolution to the origins of Romanticism and early socialism, are illuminated by an understanding of the utopian tradition.

• First major collection of British eighteenth-century utopias • Essential to an understanding of the political climate of the period • Of relevance to important later developments in political thought such as Romanticism and socialism

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Gregory Claeys - Utopias of the British Elightenme nt (1994).pdf

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Bruce Allen Watson - Atlantic Convoys and Nazi Rai ders, The Deadly Voyage of HMS Jervis Bay (2005).jpg

In November of 1940, the German pocket battleship Admiral Scheer attacked British Convoy HX-84. The Armed Merchant Cruiser HMS Jervis Bay, the only escort and mounting antique 6-inch guns, charged the Nazi raider. While the Jervis Bay did not stand a chance of surviving the battle, her crew's fatalistic bravery inspired awe in all who witnessed the fight. Watson describes how the Scheer's 11-inch guns turned the converted passenger liner into a burning hulk in twenty-two minutes, but most of the convoy escaped. How did this confrontation come to pass? Both the necessity of arming a passenger liner and pretending it was a warship, and the building of the Admiral Scheer and her sister ships for the express purpose of commerce raiding, find their roots in the events, political decisions, re-armament polices, war plans, naval traditions, and blunders that arose in pre-war Britain and Germany. But this event holds a significance beyond the battle itself. The sinking of the Jervis Bay symbolizes the end of an era in naval warfare. The Armed Merchant Cruisers of the Second World War inherited a long, sometimes noble and sometimes ignoble history. Long employed in blockade or patrol duty, armed merchant cruisers ventured out for the first time to escort convoys, a defensive duty for which they were eminently unsuited, and for which the Jervis Bay paid a fearful price.

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Bruce Allen Watson - Atlantic Convoys and Nazi Rai ders, The Deadly Voyage of HMS Jervis Bay (2005).pdf

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J. E. Kaufmann, H. W. Kaufmann, Tomasz Idzikowski - Fortress France, The Maginot Line and French Def enses in World War II (2005).jpg

All History - J. E. Kaufmann, H. W. Kaufmann, Tomasz Idzikowski - F...aginot Line and French Defenses in World War II 2005.jpg

The Maginot Line was the last great gun-bearing line of subterranean forts built before World War II. Although it acquired an unjustified reputation as a white elephant, the Maginot Line fulfilled the role for which it was built, allowing the French High Command the opportunity to mass its forces and counter the German invasion. Unfortunately, the French leadership failed to make the most of its assets, with the resulting disastrous outcome. During the 1920s, the French High Command formulated a number of offensive plans to strike at Germany, but by the end of the decade, it switched to defensive plans because of a lack of manpower. Work thus began on the Maginot Line and on other fortifications such as the French Mareth Line in North Africa and the heavy naval coastal defense batteries in Bizerte (Tunisia) and Toulon (France). The authors conclude that the Maginot Line offered the French High Command many opportunities from September 1939 until May 1940. They blame a failed French military doctrine for taking the initiative away from subordinates, laying the groundwork for the disastrous events of 1940 that left the French High Command paralyzed while German forces broke through the weakly held Ardennes.

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