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	!! HISTORIA - książki, artykuły
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Encyklopedia powszechna_t.2.zip

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Słownik geogr.Kr.Pol.T.13,.zip

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138 KB
13 gru 18 15:43

Osprey - Battles and Histories - Martin Marix Evan s - The Boer War, South Africa 1899-1902 (1999).jpg

Martin Marix Evans' splendidly detailed account of the events of the Boer War, a conflict which marked a turning point in the development of military technology. Complete with first-hand accounts, and over 150 contemporary maps and photographs.

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13 gru 18 15:43

David Welch - Propaganda and the German Cinema, 19 33-1945.jpg

This is the most comprehensive analysis to date of Nazi film propaganda in its political, social, and economic contexts, from the pre-war cinema as it fell under the control of the Propaganda Minister, Joseph Goebbels, through to the end of the Second World War. David Welch studies more than one hundred films of all types, identifying those aspects of Nazi ideology that were concealed in the framework of popular entertainment.

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13 gru 18 15:43

M. Bennett, J. Bradbury, K. DeVries, I. Dickie, P. Jestice - Fighting Techniques of the Medieval Wor ld (A.D. 500 - A.D. 1500), Equipment, Combat Skill s and Tactics (2005).jpg

All History1 - M. Bennett, J. Bradbury, K. DeVries, I. Dickie, P. Je...A.D. 1500, Equipment, Combat Skills and Tactics 2005.jpg

Fighting Techniques of the Medieval World describes the fighting methods of soldiers in Europe and the Near East in an age before the widepsread use of gunpowder. The book explores the unique tactics required to win battles with the technology available and demonstrates how, in some respects, little has changed of the art of war. Using specially commissioned artwork to illustrate the battles, equipment, and tactics of the era, Fighting Techniques of the Medieval World shows in detail the ways in which armies prevailed over their foes. The book is essential for any reader interested in the realities and means of medieval warfare.

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13 gru 18 15:43

Osprey - New Vanguard 150 - Konstantin Nossov - Wa r Elephants (2008).jpg

Elephants have been deployed as weapons for centuries, particularly in South and South-East Asia, where war elephants constituted the bulk of most armies in the region from antiquity right up to the 19th century. This book offers an insight into the incredible history of these ‘living tanks,’ focusing on the design of the equipment and armament that made them so terrifying. The author, Konstantin S Nossov, traces the history of war elephants, from their deployment against Alexander the Great’s army at the battle of Gaugamela, through to their use in the 19th century by the armies of South-East Asia, analyzing the battle formation and tactics of war elephants in action and how these tactics developed.

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13 gru 18 15:43

Ann Hironaka - Neverending Wars, The International Community, Weak States, and the Perpetuation of C ivil War (2005).jpg

All History1 - Ann Hironaka - Neverending Wars, The International C... Weak States, and the Perpetuation of Civil War 2005.jpg

Since 1945, the average length of civil wars has increased three-fold. What can explain this startling fact? It can't be ethnic hatreds and injustices--these have been around for centuries. In Neverending Wars, Ann Hironaka points to the crucial role of the international community in propping up many new and weak states that resulted from the decolonization movement after World War II. These impoverished states are prone to conflicts and lack the necessary resources to resolve them decisively. International aid and external military intervention from the international community often perpetuate such conflicts. And the Cold War further exacerbated the problem by providing large amounts of military aid. The continual infusion of weapons and resources can prolong such wars indefinitely. This timely book will provide an entirely new way to look at recent, vicious civil wars, failed states, and the terrorist movements that emerge in their wake.

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1,1 MB
13 gru 18 15:43

Ann Hironaka - Neverending Wars, The International Community, Weak States, and the Perpetuation of C ivil War (2005).djvu

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69 KB
13 gru 18 15:43

Concord - Fightind Men 6008 - Tim Newark - Warlord Armies (2004).jpg

The warlord is the cult of the personality turned into a military force. In an age of chaos, he appears as the only man strong enough to pull together an army that can impose its will on other people. A warlord's army would be composed of clusters of troops, say armored horsemen surrounding their leader, which in turn would be supported by light cavalry which in turn are supported by archers and foot soldiers. They move and perform in mutually-supporting groups, tied together by personal loyalty and ambition, not differentiated units being guided by an invisible hand. The warlord's preferred medium is chaos. When central control fails, they are happy to assume dominance of regions and provinces. When a state government is strong, warlords are hunted down and executed as criminals, unless they can be recruited as generals. In this book, the world of the warlord is examined from prehistory through to the 20th century, demonstrating its eternal presence. Some of the world's finest military illustrators are assembled on the pages of this book. Angus McBride is renowned for his authentic and dramatic recreation of the ancient and medieval worlds. Richard Hook has illustrated numerous articles and books for Military Illustrated and Osprey. He has a particular passion for recreating the world of the Native American. Graham Sumner is a Roman re-enactor with the celebrated Ermine Street Guard group and brings a detailed archaeological knowledge to his artwork. Graham Turner is the son of the respected aviation artist, Michael Turner, but his own specialized interest lies in medieval warfare.

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17,4 MB
13 gru 18 15:43

Concord - Fightind Men 6008 - Tim Newark - Warlord Armies (2004).pdf

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13 gru 18 15:43

H.G. Castle - Great battles, Spion Kop. The Second Boer War (1976).jpg

Contents: A Fatal History: Footsteps to War; Prelude to the Battle: People, Places and Plans; Secretly, by Night: Surprise at the Summit; The Battle: First Phase; The Battle: Final Phase; The Sequel: Responsibilities, Recriminations and Reforms; Appendix i - Buller's Order of Battle; Appendix 2 - Boer Forces;Appendix 3 - Weapons.

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14,3 MB
13 gru 18 15:43

H.G. Castle - Great battles, Spion Kop. The Second Boer War (1976).pdf

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13 gru 18 15:43

Osprey - Fortress 57 - Stephen Turnbull - The Grea t Wall of China 221 BC - AD 1644 (2007).jpg

The most extensive and famous example of fortification in the world, the Great Wall of China stretches for more than 4,000 miles across inhospitable terrain. Charting its development from construction in the 7th century BC through to the present day, this account reveals the true history of the wall, and explores the myths that surround it. Included are details of what it was like to live within the wall, the ideas behind the defensive systems, how it was garrisoned and patrolled, and a discussion of how effective it was against attack. Through extensive examination of both ancient and modern sources, color maps, artwork and photographs, this book illustrates why the wall is one of the great wonders of the world.

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14,3 MB
13 gru 18 15:43

Osprey - Fortress 57 - Stephen Turnbull - The Grea t Wall of China 221 BC - AD 1644 (2007).pdf

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43,2 MB
13 gru 18 15:43

Osprey - New Vanguard 63 - Stephen Turnbul - Fight ing Ships of the Far East (2), Japan and Korea AD 612-1639 (2007).pdf

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13 gru 18 15:43

Osprey - Campaign 190 - David Nicolle - Poitiers AD 732, Charles Martel Turns the Islamic Tide (200 8).jpg

In the early decades of the 8th century AD, Islamic forces were flooding into Europe through the Iberian peninsula, threatening Frankish and Burgundian territory and raiding it with ever-increasing ferocity. At the battle of Poitiers, also known as Tours, Christian forces under the Frankish leader Charles Martel 'The Hammer' (grandfather of Charlemagne) confronted a massive invading Islamic army. The Franks were victorious, effectively halting the northward advance of Islam and preserving Christianity as the dominant faith in Europe. Expert medievalist David Nicolle draws on contemporary sources to reconstruct this turning-point battle, placing it in its historical context and reviewing its background and the subsequent historical consequences.

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13 gru 18 15:43

Osprey - Elite 58 - David Nicolle - The Janissary (1995).jpg

The Janissaries comprised an elite corps in the service of the Ottoman Empire. It was composed of war captives and Christian youths pressed into service; all of whom were converted to Islam and trained under the strictest discipline. In many ways, Jannisaries reflected Ottoman society, which was itself dominated by a military elite and where there was much greater social mobility than in Europe. On top of this, the Turks looked upon Europe much as the early Americans viewed the Western Frontier – as a land of adventure, mission and opportunity. David Nicolle examines the history, organisation, weapons and uniforms of these elite Turkish troops.

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31,6 MB
13 gru 18 15:43

Osprey - Elite 58 - David Nicolle - The Janissary (1995).pdf

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51 KB
13 gru 18 15:43

R.S. Yeoman - United States Coins 2007 (2007).jpg

In 1946, a slim but fact-filled book hit the hobby scene: R.S. Yeoman’s Guide Book of United States Coins. This April, Whitman Publishing will release the 60th Anniversary edition of this beloved, best-selling hobby guide, known everywhere as the “Red Book.” The Red Book prices more than 6,000 coins, with nearly 30,000 individual values. Of course this comprehensive pricing isn’t the only reason collectors have made the Red Book one of the top-selling nonfiction titles in publishing history. A solid foundation and 60 years of numismatic scholarship have built what many collectors call “the Bible of the hobby” –a single resource that teaches a little of everything about American coins; a reference jam-packed with facts and figures that researchers go back to time and time again. More than 700 new full-color photographs, updated mintages and coin values, new auction records, additional pattern pieces, expanded coverage of Civil War tokens, and the latest commemoratives, sets, and other coins. Full color throughout; illustrated; 417 pages, edited by Kenneth Bressett.

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48,9 MB
13 gru 18 15:43

R.S. Yeoman - United States Coins 2007 (2007).pdf

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13 gru 18 15:43

Osprey - Men-at-Arms 13 - Albert Seaton - The Coss acks (1972).jpg

The term ‘Cossack’ was originally applied to the Tartar raiders who roamed the Southern Plain, the word coming from the Turko-Tartar, meaning at first ‘free adventurer’. In the 15th century when it began to refer to a people ditinguished by their own tongue and customs who formed separate communities. These strong, free Cossack communities were seen as a threat to the Tsar until in 1671 they were obliged to swear fealty.From that date onwards Cossacks served in all of Russia’s wars, most famously when 50,000 Don Cossacks fought against Napoleon of which nearly half died in battle or on campaign. The Cossacks eventually developed their own military structure with rank titles, uniforms and equipment all of which are detailed in in this volume.

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13 gru 18 15:43

Victor L. Konyago; Orest V. Ladyzhynsky - The Legi on of Ukrainian Sich Riflemen, Badges, Medals and Other Items (2006).jpg

All History1 - Victor L. Konyago Orest V. Ladyzhynsky - The Legion o... Sich Riflemen, Badges, Medals and Other Items 2006.jpg

The Legion of Ukrainian Sich Riflemen (Ukrainian: Ukrainski Sichovi Striltsi, or USS) of the Austro-Hungarian Army was formed from volunteers in the Western Ukrainian region of Galicia in August 1914, just after the outbreak of the First World War. Ten thousand Galician Ukrainians volunteered to join the legion, but the Austro-Hungarian High Command set a limit of 2,500 soldiers. During the First World War the USS fought the Russian Imperial Army on the Eastern Front.
This book provides information about rare and even unique USS badges, medals, and other items. Most of what is reproduced here is in the authors' private collections.

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13 gru 18 15:43

W.K. Cross - Canadian Coins, 62nd Edition - A Char lton Standard Catalogue (2007).jpg

The 62nd Edition of the Charlton Standard Catalogue of Canadian Coins will be officially released at the Canadian Numismatic Association convention in Niagara Falls, July 13, 2007. Two major trends are unfolding in Canadian numismatics, one is the renewed interest in variety collecting, the other is the growing interest in high grade modern coins. In the 62nd edition of Canadian Coins we are tracking both these trends. The Varieties Section covers 100 pages on Victoria twenty-five cents. The modern coins are covered by the utilization of a series of pricing tables first introduced last year in the 61st edition. The die varieties are straight forward, it is the modern issues that have become one of the most confusing sections of Canadian Numismatics. This all began in 1954 when the Royal Canadian Mint offered a six-coin set with a superior finish (superior to the circulating coins of the day) to collectors. There was a reluctance on the part of the Mint to assign a name to their new offering. This reluctance was never really overcome, however, in the Annual Mint Report for the year 1961 they mention uncirculated coin sets are now sold in sealed plastic containers. Over fifty years later the description of the offering has not changed, but the quality of the coins in the offering has varied greatly. This variation in quality between coins sold to collectors, or coins produced for circulation did not exist in the silver era, but in 1968 with the substitution of nickel, the difference between circulating and non-circulating began to blur. We have a problem in that a collector who wishes mint state business strikes for their collection cannot distinguish mint state uncirculated coins from those removed from packaged sets issued by the Mint. It has fallen to the Canadian Grading Services to find a solution to this problem for it is their responsibility when asked by a collector to correctly identify and grade submitted coins. They have to identify and name the finish on the coin: Mint State Business Strike (CLT), Mint State from packaged sets (NCLT), Specimen or Proof. There are two grading companies in Canada, and both have a different terminology when grading coins. When describing coins removed from uncirculated sets from the Mint, ICCS uses the term Numismatic BU, while CCCS uses UNC. The market place eventually will decide which term it will accept. For the present time The Charlton Press has built into the pricing tables for modern coins (1968-2007) two mint state blocks. The first deals with business strikes MS-63 C, MC-64 C and MS-65 C, with the C signifying circulating coinage (CLT). The second block covers MS-65 NC, MS-66 NC and MS-67 NC, with the NC signifying non-circulating (NCLT). The variation in the grade range between the two blocks underlines the scarcity factor between high grade business strikes and high grade Mint product. Note on Grading Services We have centred on Canadian Grading Services for the sole reason they offer a product more suitable for the Canadian collector. The United States services do an excellent job, but for economic reasons which are very valid, do not deal with the idiosyncrasies of the Canadian market.

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71,5 MB
13 gru 18 15:43

W.K. Cross - Canadian Coins, 62nd Edition - A Char lton Standard Catalogue (2007).pdf

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59 KB
13 gru 18 15:43

Osprey - Men-at-arms 140 - David Nicolle - Armies of the Ottoman Turks 1300-1774 (1996).jpg

The birth of the Ottoman state is shrouded in legend. Whatever the truth of its origins, the Ottoman's formed an Empire which almost succeeded in bringing Christian Europe to its knees. During the last decades of the 13th century, the ambitious Osman Bey's tiny mountain state took eight frontier castles plus the Turkish town of Eskisehir. In 1299 Osman seized Yenisehir after working up the Kara Su valley. With this as its first real capital, the Ottoman state emerged into history poised above the fertile shores of the Sea of Marmara.

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13 gru 18 15:43

Osprey - Men-at-Arms 109 - Terence Wise - Ancient Armies of the Middle East (1981).jpg

This text by Terence Wise explores some of the fascinating peoples who comprised the ancient armies of the Middle East: the Sumerians, who were the first to introduce the use of bronze into warfare, and were centuries ahead of the Egyptians in the use of the wheel – The Akkadians, whose citizen army was composed almost entirely of light troops – The Babylonians, whose people were granted land in return for army service – the horned warriors of the Elamites – the Egyptians, with thier heavy spearmen and archers – the tribal and warlike Libyans – Nubians and Ethiopians – Hyksos – the armies of the Hittite Empire – the Sea People and others.

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162 KB
13 gru 18 15:43

2010 Standard Catalog of World Coins - 1901-2000 ( Krause publications, 37th edition) (19.06.2009).jpg

Standard Catalog of® World Coins offers extensive details to meet your needs whether you’re a seasoned collector or just starting out in the hobby. This one-of-a-kind coin book, delivers nearly 1 million up-to-date values, plus key elements including mintage figures, metallic composition, size, mint and privy marks, and historic background to help you to identify and assess 20th century coins from around the world.

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409,8 MB
13 gru 18 15:43

2010 Standard Catalog of World Coins - 1901-2000 ( Krause publications, 37th edition) (19.06.2009).pdf

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139 KB
13 gru 18 15:43

Osprey - Men-at-Arms 150 - David Nicolle - The age of Charlemagne (1984).jpg

Most historians agree that the Carolingian Age, from the 8th to 10th centuries AD, represented one of the most important turning points in European history. It can be said with some certainty that early Carolingian military success was built on good leadership, adequate administration, and troops whose morale was almost consistently superb. It is also clear that the Carolingian army managed to adapt itself to face many and differing foes.This absorbing text by David Nicolle explores the organisation and history of the Carolingian Empire during the age of one of history's most romanticised and heroic figures - Charlemagne.

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13 gru 18 15:43

Osprey - Men-at-Arms 154 - David Nicolle - Arthur and the anglo-saxon wars (1984).jpg

The Arthurian Age; the Celtic Twilight; the Dark Ages; the Birth of England; these are the powerfully romantic names often given to one of the most confused yet vital periods in British history. It is an era upon which rival Celtic and English nationalisms frequently fought. It was also a period of settlement, and of the sword. This absorbing volume by David Nicolle transports us to an England shrouded in mystery and beset by savage conflict, a land which played host to one of the most enduring figures of our history – Arthur.

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13 gru 18 15:43

Men-at-arms 183 - P.E. Abbott, Philip Botham, Mike Chappell - Modern African Wars (1), Rhodesia, 196 5-80 (1986).jpg

All History1 - Men-at-arms 183 - P.E. Abbott, Philip Botham, Mike C...pell - Modern African Wars 1, Rhodesia, 1965-80 1986.jpg

The Rhodesian War of 1965–80 is the battle for control of present day Zimbabwe. The former British colony of Southern Rhodesia rejected British moves towards majority rule and on 11 November 1965 the Rhodesian Prime Minister Ian Smith announced his country’s Unilateral Declaration of Independence from Great Britain. That act sparked a series of violent encounters between the traditional colonial army and the African guerilla insurgents of the Patriotic Front. This book examines the successes and failures of the counter-insurgency campaign of Smith’s security forces and the eventual bloody birth of a modern African nation.

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