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widziany: 17.08.2021 10:16

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6608 plików
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Nikt według Gandhiego nie zna absolutnej prawdy, nie powinien więc używać przemocy, by zmusić innych do zaakceptowania swego zdania.
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Classical images of state-socialism developed in contemporary social sciences were founded on simple presuppositions. State-socialist regimes were considered to be politically stable due to their pervasive institutional and ideological control over the everyday lives of their citizens, impervious to reform and change, and representative of extreme political and economic dependency. Despite their contrasting historical experiences, they have been treated as basically identical in their institutional design, social and economic structures, and policies. Grzegorz Ekiert challenges this notion in a comparative analysis of the major political crises in post-1945 East Central Europe: Hungary (1956- 63), Czechoslovakia (1968-76), and Poland (1980-89). The author maintains that the nature and consequences of these crises can better explain the distinctive experiences of East Central European countries under communist rule than can the formal characteristics of their political and economic systems or their politically dependent status. He explores how political crises reshaped party-state institutions, redefined relations between party and state institutions, altered the relationship between the state and various groups and organizations within society, and modified the political practices of these regimes. He shows how these events transformed cultural categories, produced collective memories, and imposed long-lasting constraints on mass political behavior and the policy choices of ruling elites. These crises shaped the political evolution of the region, produced important cross- national differences among state-socialist regimes, and contributed to the distinctive patterns of their collapse.

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This book is an ambitious and wide ranging defense of the Marxist and Hegelian historical approach and engages with a wide range of work at the heart of the contemporary debate in social and moral philosophy.

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Historia Związku Radzieckiego kryje w sobie wiele tajemnic i sekretów. Wśród nich jest działalność wojsk NKWD. Autor więc penetrując przeszłość skupia się głównie na opisie formacji, która na różnych etapach rozwoju ZSRR nosiła różne nazwy. Stanowiła ona integralną część Armii Czerwonej, była zbrojnym ramieniem centrali decyzyjnej sowieckiego aparatu Bezpieczeństwa Państwowego. Daje on krótki zarys historyczny owej formacji, prezentując zarazem ich umundurowanie, oznaki i odznaki.

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It is exceedingly good. Lively and original, a splendid introduction. (David McLellan, Professor of Political Theory, Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Kent, UK.) It comes as a pleasant relief to read an introduction to Marx and his work that is generally clear and reliable… This is an honest, thoughtful and at times provocative study of Marx and Marxism. It is highly recommended. (The Socialist Standard, August 1997, p. 17.)
Edward Reiss has steered an admirably balanced path. He portrays the emotional drives without neglecting the intellectual content; he clarifies without simplifying; he selects without distorting, and he presents Marx against the background of contemporary scholarship without sacrificing the historical context of his thought. Reiss lets Marx emerge in his own words, but the words extend to parts of the life and work unreached by other introductions. Edward Reiss has laboured long and hard in the Marx mine and has come up with a gem. (Dr Alan Carling, Senior Lecturer, University of Bradford).

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Adeeb Khalid combines insights from the study of both Islam and Soviet history in this sophisticated analysis of the ways that Muslim societies in Central Asia have been transformed by the Soviet presence in the region. Arguing that the utopian Bolshevik project of remaking the world featured a sustained assault on Islam that destroyed patterns of Islamic learning and thoroughly de-Islamized public life, Khalid demonstrates that Islam became synonymous with tradition and was subordinated to powerful ethnonational identities that crystallized during the Soviet period. He shows how this legacy endures today and how, for the vast majority of the population, a return to Islam means the recovery of traditions destroyed under Communism. Islam after Communism reasons that the fear of a rampant radical Islam that dominates both Western thought and many of Central Asia's governments should be tempered by an understanding of the politics of antiterrorism, which allows governments to justify their own authoritarian policies by casting all opposition as extremist. Comparing the secularization of Islam in Central Asia to experiences in Turkey, the former Yugoslavia, and other secular Muslim states, the author lays the groundwork for a nuanced and well-informed discussion of the forces at work in this crucial region.

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Engels declared at Marx's funeral in Highgate Cemetery that "just as Darwin discovered the law of development of organic nature, so Marx discovered the law of development of human history". Scientific socialism was the term Engels used to describe Marx's socio-economic philosophy and many later theorists sought to reinforce Marxist theory with a supposedly scientific basis. This book explains the development of the idea of scientific socialism through the 19th and 20th century from its origins in Engels to its last manifestation in the work of Althusser. It provides a detailed analysis of Engel's own conceptualisation, the impact of Darwin, the relationship to the 'official' historical materialism of the Soviet states and later reformulations by Althusser and others. In so doing it provides a vivid intellectual history of Marxist and socialist thought, exploring its significant insights as well its manifest failures. Marxism and Scientific Socialism will be of particular interest to those with an interest in the development of Marxism and socialism, political ideologies and the history of Western political thought.

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Ilustrowany zwarty przeglad wszystkich danych o 60 wazniejszych rodzajach uzbrojenia i innego wojskowego wyposazenia bedacych w dyspozycji bylych radzieckich wojsk ladowychPonad 40 000 słów profesjonalnego tekstu. Przeszlo 200 ilustracji , przede wszystkim kolorowych.

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Cold War Reference Library the full version


Includes bibliographical references and index.

Vol. 1. Origins of the Cold War; Conflict builds; Germany and Berlin;
Dawning of the nuclear age; Homeland insecurities; Espionage in the
Cold War; A worldwide Cold War -- v. 2. Renewed tensions; Cuban
Missile Crisis; Mutual assured destruction; An unsettled world; Home
front turmoil: the 1960s; Détente: a lessening of tensions; A freeze
in relations; End of the Cold War.

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First published over fifty years ago, Isaiah Berlin's compelling portrait of the father of modern Communism has long been considered a classic of modern scholarship and the best short account written of Marx's life and thought. It provides a penetrating, lucid, and comprehensive introduction to Marx as theorist of the socialist revolution, illuminating his personality and ideas, and concentrating on those which have historically formed the central core of Marxism as a theory and practice. In turn, Berlin presents an account of Marx's life as one of the most influential and incendiary social philosophers of the nineteenth century and depicts the social and political atmosphere in which Marx wrote.
This edition includes a new introduction by Alan Ryan which traces the place of Berlin's Marx from its pre-World War II publication to the present, and elucidates why Berlin's portrait, in the midst of voluminous writings about Marx, remains a classic account of the personal and political side of this monumental figure.

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Walki jakie toczyły się od maja do września 1939 roku w okolicach rzeki Chałchyn-Goł u zbiegu granic Mongolii, Chin, Mandżurii i ZSRR należą do mało znanych. Wojna radziecko-japońska z 1939 została przedstawiona w oparciu o archiwa japońskie i radzieckie. Opracowanie zawiera niepublikowane dotąd fotografie z archiwów radzieckiech, mapy terenów walk, schematy organizacyjne zaangażowanych jednostek, wzory malowania i oznakowania sprzętu, a także informacje o uzbrojeniu i wyposażeniu zarówno Armii Kwantuńskiej, jak i Armii Mongolii, Mandżukuo oraz jednostek Armii Czerwonej stacjonujących na dalekim wschodzie.

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Wersja poprawiona

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This is the first book to analyze the distinct leader cults that flourished in the era of "High Stalinism" as an integral part of the system of dictatorial rule in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. Fifteen studies explore the way in which these cults were established, their function and operation, their dissemination and reception, the place of the cults in art and literature, the exportation of the Stalin cult and its implantment in the communist states of Eastern Europe, and the impact which de-Stalinisation had on these cults.

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Stalinism and the Politics of Mobilization offers a new interpretation of Bolshevik ideology, examines its relationship with Soviet politics between 1917 and 1939, and sheds new light on the origins of the political violence of the late 1930s. While it challenges older views that the Stalinist system and the Terror were the product of a coherent Marxist-Leninist blueprint, imposed by a group of committed ideologues, it argues that ideas mattered in Bolshevik politics and that there are strong continuities between the politics of the revolutionary period and those of the 1930s. By exploring divisions within the party over several issues, including class, the relations between elites and masses, and economic policy, David Priestland shows how a number of ideological trends emerged within Bolshevik politics, and how they were related to political and economic interests and strategies. He also argues that central to the launching of the Terror was the leadership's commitment to a strategy of mobilization, and to a view of politics that ultimately derived from the left Bolshevism of the revolutionary period.

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Perestroika (restructuring) presents Gorbachev's aspirations and major policies. "Democratization" of management and society is a central if undefined goal. The author admits past stagnation in domestic, and mistakes in foreign, policy. Instead of attaining communism by the end of the century, he aspires for the U.S.S.R. to reach the "world level" of science and technologyappealing to Westerners. But Perestroika reflects the limitations of present policy concerning "unanimity" among top leaders, agricultural reform, and Afghanistan. Despite its shortcomings, the book offers a valuable statement about Soviet policy. Recommended for academic and larger public libraries.

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Engineering Communism is the fascinating story of Joel Barr and Alfred Sarant, dedicated Communists and members of the Rosenberg spy ring, who stole information from the United States during World War II that proved crucial to building the first advanced weapons systems in the USSR. On the brink of arrest, they escaped with KGB’s help and eluded American intelligence for decades. Drawing on extensive interviews with Barr and new archival evidence, Steve Usdin explains why Barr and Sarant became spies, how they obtained military secrets, and how FBI blunders led to their escape. He chronicles their pioneering role in the Soviet computer industry, including their success in convincing Nikita Khrushchev to build a secret Silicon Valley. The book is rich with details of Barr’s and Sarant’s intriguing andexciting personal lives, their families, as well as their integration into Russian society. Engineering Communism follows the two spies through Sarant’s death and Barr’s unbelievable return to the United States.

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Andrei Sakharov (1921–1989), a brilliant physicist and the principal designer of the Soviet hydrogen bomb, later became a human rights activist and—as a result—a source of profound irritation to the Kremlin. This book publishes for the first time ever KGB files on Sakharov that became available during Boris Yeltsin’s presidency. The documents reveal the untold story of KGB surveillance of Sakharov from 1968 until his death in 1989 and of the regime’s efforts to intimidate and silence him. The disturbing archival materials show the KGB to have had a profound lack of understanding of the spiritual and moral nature of the human rights movement and of Sakharov’s role as one of its leading figures.

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Employing historical analysis and building on growth theory and modern political economy, Dillon and Wykoff explain Soviet disintegration and analyze efforts to create capitalism in newly independent states. They show how five fundamental economic reforms generate growth, and use an original model to test the connections between reforms, elections and economic performance.

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