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widziany: 17.08.2021 10:16

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Nikt według Gandhiego nie zna absolutnej prawdy, nie powinien więc używać przemocy, by zmusić innych do zaakceptowania swego zdania.
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The media environment is changing. Today in the United States, the average viewer can choose from hundreds of channels, including several twenty-four hour news channels. News is on cell phones, on iPods, and online; it has become a ubiquitous and unavoidable reality in modern society. The purpose of this book is to examine systematically, how these differences in access and form of media affect political behaviour. Using experiments and new survey data, it shows how changes in the media environment reverberate through the political system, affecting news exposure, political learning, turnout, and voting behavior.
Book Description
The impact of television and the Internet on politics in the United States during the last half-century. The study shows that the degree of choice among different media content affects political learning, turnout, and the polarization of elections.

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Distinguished economists Brus and Laski--who were involved with the Planning Office of the Polish economy in the 1950s and 1960s--here develop a theoretical system of economic management which avoids the failings of both market capitalism and central planning. This book examines Marxists claim to socialism's economic rationality and studies the application of the concept in the "real socialism" of Communist party orthodoxy as well as in the tentative attempts at "market socialism", particularly in Hungary and Yugoslavia. The analysis focuses on general features of the evolution of the socialist economic system, but national experiences are used to point out the advances that have been made and the flaws in the theoretical models that have been developed.

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The Korean peninsula in Northeast Asia is home to a country that was divided at the end of the Second World War after its liberation from Japanese colonialism. Because the Korean nation enjoyed a long dynastic history, its postwar partition was particularly traumatic. The ensuing Cold War years soon spawned a very hot Korean War and subsequent decades of strained inter-Korean relations and tensions in the region surrounding the peninsula. This volume provides readers who are unfamiliar with Korea's heritage with insight into how Korea became a divided nation engulfed in international geopolitical tensions, providing expert analysis of this rendered nation's background, modern circumstances, and future prospects. After a survey of Korea's geographic setting and historic legacy, Olsen details the circumstances of Korea's liberation and subsequent division. Drawing on that background, he analyzes the evolution of both South Korea and North Korea as separate states, surveying the politics, economics, and foreign policy of each. What are the key issues for each state from an international perspective? What are the prospects for reuniting the two into one nation? What challenges would a united Korea be likely to face? Olsen determines that stability in Korea is essential to future peace in the region. He concludes that a successful move toward unification is the best way to resolve issues connected to North Korea's nuclear agenda.

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In her own day, Ana Pauker was named "The Most Powerful Woman in the World" by Time magazine. Today, when she is remembered at all, she is thought of as the puppet of Soviet communism in Romania, blindly enforcing the most brutal and repressive Stalinist regime. Robert Levy's new biography changes the picture dramatically, revealing a woman of remarkable strength, dominated by conflict and contradiction far more than by dogmatism. Telling the story of Pauker's youth in an increasingly anti-Semitic environment, her commitment to a revolutionary career, and her rise in the Romanian Communist movement, Levy makes no attempt to whitewash Pauker's life and actions, but rather explores every contour of the complicated persona he found expressed in masses of newly accessible archival documents.

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Drawing on previously unknown primary sources in both Chinese and Russian, Deborah A. Kaple has written a powerful and absorbing account of the model of factory management and organization that the Chinese communists formulated in the 1949-1953 period. She reveals that their "new" management techniques were adapted from Soviet propaganda during the harsh period of Stalin's post-war reconstruction. The idealized Stalinist management system consisted mainly of strict Communist Party control of all aspects of workers' lives, which is the root of such strong Party control over Chinese society today. Dream of a Red Factory is a rare and revealing look at the consolidation rule in China; told through the prism of the development of new "socialist" factories and enterprises. Kaple completely counters the old myth of the "Soviet monolith" in China, and carefully reconstructs how the Chinese communists came to rely on an idealized, propagandistic version of the Soviet model instead.

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Commonly mistaken for the locally raised Viet Cong, the NVA was an entirely different force, conducting large-scale operations in a conventional war. Despite limited armour, artillery and air support, the NVA were an extremely politicized and professional force with strict control measures and leadership concepts. Gordon Rottman follows the fascinating life of the highly motivated infantryman from conscription and induction through training to real combat experiences. Covering the evolution of the forces from 1958 onwards, this book takes an in-depth look at the civilian and military lives of the soldiers, whilst accompanying artwork details the uniforms, weapons and equipment used by the NVA in their clash against America and her allies.

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It was a revolution that would change the world by bringing about the global transition from capitalism to communism in a single generation—or so its supporters believed. Vladimir Lenin and the Bolshevik Party hoped to carry humanity into a new day of equality, justice, and freedom. Toward this end, they brought down the Russian tsarist government in October 1917 and began a vast political experiment that ended more than 70 years later in a way neither Lenin nor his followers would have ever anticipated. The Bolshevik Revolution not only marked the end of Old Russia, but it also set in motion a chain of events that would create a rivalry between the East and West that defined the second half of the 20th century. In The Bolshevik Revolution, learn about the key players and events of this tumultuous time in Russian history.

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This book attempts to demonstrate that the leaders of Stalin's Secretariat clashed sharply and continuously over the nature of the Communist party's leadership of the Soviet state between 1939 and 1948. This study reconceptualizes the entire question of party-state relations in the SSR's political system and therefore provides an original interpretation of a critical period in the development of the Stalinist political system.

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The dissolution of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on December 31, 1991, stunned the world. The communist empire--which had been a dominant force in global politics for 74 years, influencing world events from World War II to issues of nuclear weapons and defense--was suddenly gone. The Collapse of the Soviet Union highlights major events in Soviet history, such as the rise of communism in Russia, the terror and expansionist policies of Joseph Stalin, the election of Mikhail Gorbachev, the explosion at the Chernobyl nuclear reactor, and the rivalry between Gorbachev and Boris Yeltsin as a new democratic Russia emerged from the ashes of the Soviet Union.

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* 20th century Russia is a colourful and dynamic story from Lenin's Revolution, the murder of the Romanovs, Stalin's gulags through to perestroika and glasnost
* Provides the background to the events that we saw and read about on TV and in the newspapers – the Chechen War; Yeltsin turning back the tanks outside the Russian parliament, etc.
* Russia is still in confusing state of flux politically and economically – this book unravels the chaos
* Offers particularly strong and original sections on nationalism and ethnicity
* Focuses on psychological indoctrination and how a country can become a cult
Motherland tells the dramatic story of the rise and fall of the Soviet Union. From Lenin's virtual coup in November 1917 to Boris Yeltsin's ruthless takeover of power in 1991, the book culminates with a new view of the Yeltsin years.
David Marples focuses on the evolution of Russia during the Soviet period, and the attempt to harness Russian nationalism to the avowed Soviet mission of promoting World Communism. Along the way heanalyses some of the more intensive historical debates and uncovers some of the myths perpetuated by state propaganda, especially those associated with the Great Patriotic War.
David Marples is Professor of History at the University of Alberta. He is the author of eight previous books on Russia and the Soviet Union and has a particular interest in the issue of nationalities. He served as a regular consultant on Soviet issues to the governments of Canada and the USA and is uniquely placed to write the definitive account of modern Russia.

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The devastating US atomic bombing of the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki not only brought World War II to an end, but effectively gave birth to the Cold War. The postwar world would thereafter be marked by the fragile relationship of two superpowers with opposing ideologies: the United States and the Soviet Union.
For forty-five years, these two superpowers would vie for supremacy in world politics. The Cold War, defined by events such as the Cuban Missile Crisis, turmoil in the Third World, and the arms race, held the potential for an apocalyptic confrontation that could have spelled doom for the human race. Understanding the Cold War, with all of its far-reaching, global implications, is absolutely essential to our understanding of the history of the second half of the twentieth century and beyond.


01 - Hiroshima and the Origins of the Cold War
02 - The Superpowers and the World in 1945
03 - The Struggle for Europe
04 - Globalizing the Cold War
05 - The Korean War and Changing Power Balances
06 - Turmoil in the Third World
07 - The Cuban Missile Crisis
08 - The Turbulent 1960s
09 - Origins of Détente
10 - Revolution in the Third World and the End of Détente
11 - The Arms Race and the Breakdown of Détente
12 - The Reagan Offensive
13 - Gorbachev and the End of the Cold War
14 - Understanding the Cold War

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TRIPLEX reveals more clearly than ever before the precise nature and extent of the damage done to the much-vaunted British intelligence establishment during World War II by the notorious “Cambridge Five” spy ring—Kim Philby, Donald Maclean, Guy Burgess, Anthony Blunt, and John Cairncross. The code word TRIPLEX refers to an exceptionally sensitive intelligence source, one of the most closely guarded secrets of the war, which appears nowhere in any of the British government’s official histories. TRIPLEX was material extracted illicitly from the diplomatic pouches of neutral missions in wartime London. MI5, the British Security Service, entrusted the job of overseeing the highly secret assignment to Anthony Blunt, who was already working for the NKVD, Stalin’s intelligence service. The rest is history, documented here for the first time in rich detail.

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Providing an important contribution to current controversies regarding history, social theory,politics, and the Foucault\n-\Habermas debates, this work offers a detailed comparison of the transformative uses of history in Foucault and Habermas, using Marx as a modernist contrast. The book clearly illustrates the advantages and disadvantages of each thinker's theory for the productive analysis of history and society, relating the work of each to current debates over modern and postmodern theory.

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This book traces the crystallisation of post-Marxism as a specific theoretical position in its own right. It examines the history of the development of the Marxist tradition as well as considering the school's future prospects.

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Based on meticulous research in previously unavailable documents in the Soviet archives, this compelling book illuminates the secret inner mechanisms of power in the Soviet Union during the years when Stalin established his notorious dictatorship. Oleg V. Khlevniuk focuses on the top organ in Soviet Russia’s political hierarchy of the 1930s—the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party—and on the political and interpersonal dynamics that weakened its collective leadership and enabled Stalin’s rise.

Khlevniuk’s unparalleled research challenges existing theories of the workings of the Politburo and uncovers many new findings regarding the nature of alliances among Politburo members, Sergei Kirov’s murder, the implementation of the Great Terror, and much more. The author analyzes Stalin’s mechanisms of generating and retaining power and presents a new understanding, unmatched in texture and depth, of the highest tiers of the Communist Party in a crucial era of Soviet history.

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Taking the Soviet collapse - the most cataclysmic event of the recent past - as a case study, this text engages students in the exercise of historical analysis, interpretation and explanation. In exploring the question posed by the title, the author introduces and applies such organizing concepts as great power conflict, imperial decline, revolution, ethnic conflict, colonialism, economic development, totalitarian ideology, and transition to democracy in a most accessible way. Questions and controversies, and extracts from documentary and literary sources, anchor the text at key points. This book is intended for use in history and political science courses on the Soviet Union or more generally on the 20th century.

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This welcome second edition of A History of Eastern Europe provides comprehensive coverage of a complex past, from antiquity to the present day.
This new edition provides a thematic historical survey of the formative processes of political, social and economic change which have played paramount roles in shaping the evolution and development of the region. Subjects covered include:
* Eastern Europe in ancient, medieval and early modern times
* the legacies of Byzantium, the Ottoman Empire and the Habsburg Empire
* the impact of the region's powerful Russian and Germanic neighbours
* rival concepts of 'Central' and 'Eastern' Europe
* the experience and consequences of the two World Wars
* varieties of fascism in Eastern Europe
* the impact of Communism from the 1940s to the 1980s
* post-Communist democratization and marketization
* the eastward enlargement of the EU.
Including two new chronologies – one for the Balkans and one for East-Central Europe – and a glossary of key terms and concepts, A History of Eastern Europe is the ideal companion for all students of Eastern Europe.

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