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MFGZubr

	Byzantium
	Carthage - Phoenicia (Kartagina - Fenicja)
	Crusaders (Krzyżowcy)
	Crusaders (Krzyżowcy)(1)
	Crusaders (Krzyżowcy)(2)
	Dokumenty
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	Germans
	Gothes (Goci - Z Gotlandii poprzez teren dzisiejszej Polski wędrowali na nadczarnomorski step)
	Greckie miasta-kolonie handlowe na wybrzeżu Morza Czarnego
	Greece - Sparta
	Greece (Grecja)
	Hittites (Hetyci - Pierwsza indo-europejska cywilizacja, Centralna Anatolia)
	Huns ( Hunowie po 375 AD zniszczyli potężne państwo Sarmatia )
	Hurrians ( Huryci z królestw Mitanni i Urartu - Przodkowie Czeczenów)
	Kultura Przeworska - Lugiowie plemię Swebów - przodkowie Wandałow i Burgundów, między Wisłą i Odrą
	Polska prehistoryczna i średniowieczna
	Polska przedwojenna
	Prusy
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	Roman Army - Rzymska Armia
	Rome
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	Samuraje
	Spanish Civil War-Guerra Civil Espanola 1936-1939
	Thraco-Phrygian - (Grupa Tracko-Frygijska - Indo-europejczycy z obu stron cieśniny Bosforu)
	Troy
	Visigoths (Wizygoci - razem z Alanami stworzyli na Połwyspie Iberyjskim swoje państwo)
	Wikingowie-Warego wie-Normanowie
	World War II
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Ostatnio pobierane pliki

Osprey - Fortress 021 - David Nicolle - Crusader Castl....pdf

Tammy Zambo - Greek and Roman Architecture (2006).pdf

H.J.A. Sire - The Knights of Malta (1996).pdf

American School of Classical Studies at Athens - Thomp....pdf

John A. Crook - Law and Life of Rome (1967).pdf

Svetlana Boym - Common Places, Mythologies of Everyday....pdf

Stanisław M. Piaskowski - Okręty Rzeczypospolitej Pols....pdf

Różne teksty o Hetytach.rar

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Rome

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David L. Balch - Early Christian Families in Conte xt (2003).jpg

Typical studies of marriage and family in the early Christian period focus on very limited evidence found in Scripture. This interdisciplinary book offers a broader, richer picture of the first Christian families by drawing together research by experts ranging from archaeologists to ancient historians.
By exploring the nature of households in the ancient Greco-Roman world, the contributors assemble a new understanding of ancient Christian families that is both compelling and instructive. Divided into six parts, the book covers key aspects of ancient family life, from meals and child-rearing to women's roles and the lives of slaves. Three concluding chapters explore the implications of all this information for theological education today.

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David L. Balch - Early Christian Families in Conte xt (2003).pdf

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Susanna Braund - A Lucan Reader, Selections from C ivil War (2009).jpg

Lucan's epic poem, Civil War, portrays the stark, dark horror of the years 49 through 48 BCE, the grim reality of Romans fighting Romans, of Julius Caesar vs. Pompey the Great. The introduction to this volume situates Lucan as a poet closely connected with the Stoics at Rome, working during the reign of the emperor Nero, in the genre inherited from Virgil.

The selections are intended for third- and fourth-year college curricula, and include Lucan's analysis of the causes of the civil war, depictions of his protagonists Caesar and Pompey at key moments-Caesar's crossing of the Rubicon, the assassination of Pompey as he arrives in Egypt seeking refuge, Cato's funeral oration for Pompey, Caesar's visit to the site of Troy-as well as highly atmospheric passages: Pompey's vision of his dead wife, Julia; and the necromancy performed by the witch Erichtho for Pompey's son.

Notes to the passages illuminate Lucan's attitude towards his material-his reluctance to tackle the topic of civil war, his complicated relationship with Virgil's Aeneid, and his passionate involvement in the events through the rhetorical device of apostrophe, when he seems to enter the poem as a character himself.

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Susanna Braund - A Lucan Reader, Selections from C ivil War (2009).pdf

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Sarolta A. Takács - The Construction of Authority in Ancient Rome and Byzantium (2009).jpg

Rome - Sarolta A. Takcs - The Construction of Authority in Ancient Rome and Byzantium 2009.jpg

In The Construction of Authority in Ancient Rome and Byzantium, Sarlota Takacs examines the role of the Roman emperor, who was the single most important law-giving authority in Roman society. Emperors had to embody the qualities or virtues espoused by Rome's ruling classes. Political rhetoric shaped the ancients' reality and played a part in the upkeep of their political structures. Takacs isolates a reccurring cultural pattern, a conscious appropriation of symbols and signs (verbal and visual) belonging to the Roman Empire. She shows that many contemporary concepts of 'empire' have Roman precedents, which are reactivations or reuses of well-established ancient patterns. Showing the dialectical interactivity between the constructed past and present, Takacs also focuses on the issue of classical legacy through these virtues, which are not simply repeated or adapted cultural patterns, but are tools for the legitimisation of political power, authority, and even domination of one nation over another.

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Sarolta A. Takács - The Construction of Authority in Ancient Rome and Byzantium (2009).pdf

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Leif E. Vaage - Religious Rivalries in the Early R oman, Empire and the Rise of Christianity (2006).jpg

Religious Rivalries in the Early Roman Empire and the Rise of Christianity discusses the diverse cultural destinies of early Christianity, early Judaism, and other ancient religious groups as a question of social rivalry.

The book is divided into three main sections. The first section debates the degree to which the category of rivalry adequately names the issue(s) that must be addressed when comparing and contrasting the social "success" of different religious groups in antiquity. The second is a critical assessment of the common modern category of "mission" to describe the inner dynamic of such a process; it discusses the early Christian apostle Paul, the early Jewish historian Josephus, and ancient Mithraism. The third section of the book is devoted to "the rise of Christianity," primarily in response to the similarly titled work of the American sociologist of religion Rodney Stark.

While it is not clear that any of these groups imagined its own success necessarily entailing the elimination of others, it does seem that early Christianity had certain habits, both of speech and practice, which made it particularly apt to succeed (in) the Roman Empire.

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Leif E. Vaage - Religious Rivalries in the Early R oman, Empire and the Rise of Christianity (2006).pdf

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John R. Curran - Pagan City And Christian Capital, Rome in the Fourth Century (2000).jpg

The critical century between the arrival of Constantine and the advance of Alaric in the early fifth century witnessed dramatic changes in the city of Rome. In this book Dr. Curran has broken away from the usual notions of religious conflict between Christians and pagans, to focus on a number of approaches to the Christianization of Rome. He surveys the laws and political considerations which governed the building policy of Constantine and his successors, the effect of papal building and commemorative constructions on Roman topography, the continuing ambivalence of the Roman festal calendar, and the conflict between Christians over asceticism and "real" Christianity. Thus using analytical, literary, and legal evidence Dr Curran explains the way in which the landscape, civic life, and moral values of Rome were transformed by complex and sometimes paradoxical forces, laying the foundation for the capital of medieval Christendom. Through a study of Rome as a city Dr Curran explores the rise of Christianity and the decline of paganism in the later Roman empire.

Biography

John Curran is Lecturer in the School of Classics and Ancient History, Queen's University, Belfast

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John R. Curran - Pagan City And Christian Capital, Rome in the Fourth Century (2000).pdf

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Monica Silveira Cyrino - Big Screen Rome (2003).jpg

Big Screen Rome is the first systematic survey of the most important and popular films from the past half century that reconstruct the image of Roman antiquity. The book provides in-depth discussions of a broad selection of famous films, including: William Wyler’s Ben-Hur, Mervyn LeRoy’s Quo Vadis, Stanley Kubrick’s Spartacus, Ridley Scott’s Gladiator, Terry Jones’s Monty Python’s Life of Brian and Richard Lester's A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum.

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Keith Bradley - Slavery and Society at Rome (1994).jpg

This book is about the life of the slave in classical Roman society and the importance of the institution of slavery in Roman civilization generally. Its main purpose is to communicate, particularly to an undergraduate audience, the harshness of the institution, and to convey what the experience of being a slave at Rome was like from a slave's point of view. The book's importance lies in the fact that it deals with a subject of great interest and is the only comprehensive treatment of Roman slavery currently available.

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Keith Bradley - Slavery and Society at Rome (1994).pdf

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Lawrence Keppie - Understanding Roman inscriptions (2001).jpg

In this classic study of the Late Roman Empire, one of this century's most eminent ancient historians surveys social, economic, and administrative developments from the end of the Principate and the accession of Diocletian to the collapse of the empire in the West.

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Ray Laurence - Roman Pompeii, Space and Society (1 996).jpg

In this innovative book, now available in paperback, Dr. Ray Laurence looks at the archaeological and literary evidence relating to the city of Pompeii from the viewpoint of architect, geographer and social scientist. Pompeii is used as a focus for many major debates in classical history and archaeology, such as whether or not cities were planned and how the ancient economy worked. This study enhances our general understanding of the Roman world.

Pompeii is shown to have undergone considerable urban development, and Dr. Laurence emphasizes the relationship between the fabric of the city and the society that produced it. Local activities are located in both time and space and Pompeii's cultural identity is defined.

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Sian Lewis - Ancient Tyranny (2006).jpg

Tyrants are more than just the antithesis of democracy or the mark of political failure: they arise in response to social and political pressures. Gathering together writings by leading historians, political theorists, and philosophers, this book is a comparative study of the autocratic rulers and dynasties of classical Greece and Rome and the changing concepts of tyranny in their political thought and culture.
About the Author

Sian Lewis is lecturer in ancient history at the University of St. Andrews, Scotland.

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H. A. Guerber - The Story of the Romans (2006).jpg

Elementary history of Rome, presenting short stories of the great heroes, mythical and historical, from Aeneas and the founding of Rome to the fall of the western empire. Around the famous characters of Rome are graphically grouped the great events with which their names will forever stand connected. Vivid descriptions bring to life the events narrated, making history attractive to the young, and awakening their enthusiasm for further reading and study.

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H. A. Guerber - The Story of the Romans (2006).epub

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Jörg Rüpke - A Companion to Roman Religion (2007).jpg

Rome - Jrg Rpke - A Companion to Roman Religion 2007.jpg

A comprehensive treatment of the significant symbols and institutions of Roman religion, this companion places the various religious symbols, discourses, and practices, including Judaism and Christianity, into a larger framework to reveal the sprawling landscape of the Roman religion.

* An innovative introduction to Roman religion
* Approaches the field with a focus on the human–figures instead of the gods
* Analyzes religious changes from the eighth century BC to the fourth century AD
* Offers the first history of religious motifs on coins and household/everyday utensils
* Presents Roman religion within its cultural, social, and historical contexts

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Jörg Rüpke - A Companion to Roman Religion (2007).pdf

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Chris Scarre - Historical Atlas of Ancient Rome (1 995).jpg

Matching clear graphics with informative text, Christopher Scarre's atlas gives a fine overview of Roman history from the emergence of the first city-state in the eighth century B.C. to the rise of Christian theocracy a millennium later. The Penguin Historical Atlas of Ancient Rome is especially helpful in showing the growth of the Roman empire through successive centuries of military campaigning from Scotland to Arabia and in delineating the networks of trade, transit, and communication that bound the far-flung outposts to the imperial capital. Scarre notes that many of those networks still survive in one form or another.

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Lesley Adkins, Roy A. Adkins - Handbook to Life in Ancient Rome (2004).jpg

Archaeologists Lesley and Roy Adkins offer a sweeping overview of the Roman world in Handbook to Life in Ancient Rome. The authors, whose previous books include Dictionary of Roman Religion, An Introduction to Archaeology, and Handbook to Life in Ancient Greece, draw upon both archaeological and historical evidence to provide an authoritative and engaging look at an empire that lasted some 1,200 years and formed the basis for the development of Western jurisprudence and governmental systems.

The chapters are arranged thematically, and cover the republic, military affairs, geography, town and countryside, travel and trade, writing, religion, economy and industry, and everyday life. Within each chapter the authors cover an exhaustive range of subtopics. For instance, in the chapter on towns and countryside, one can find information that spans from the planning and construction of aqueducts to the furnishings found in the typical Roman apartment. Though each entry is fairly short, the authors include extensive bibliographies at the end of each chapter, as well as over 125 photographs, line drawings, and maps to round out the picture. Informative and entertaining, Handbook to Life in Ancient Rome is an illuminating guide to the Roman world.

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Fergus Millar - Rome the Greek World and the East Government, Volume 2, Society, and Culture in the Roman Empire (2004).jpg

Rome - Fergus Millar - Rome the Greek World and the East Govern... Volume 2, Society, and Culture in the Roman Empire 2004.jpg

Fergus Millar is one of the most influential contemporary historians of the ancient world. His essays and books, above all The Emperor in the Roman World and The Roman Near East, have transformed our understanding of the communal culture and civil government of the Greco-Roman world. This second volume of the three-volume collection of Millar's published essays draws together twenty of his classic pieces on the government, society, and culture of the Roman Empire (some of them published in inaccessible journals). Every article in Volume 2 addresses the themes of how the Roman Empire worked in practice and what it was like to live under Roman rule. As in the first volume of the collection, English translations of the extended Greek and Latin passages in the original articles make Millar's essays accessible to readers who do not read these languages.

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Fergus Millar - Rome the Greek World and the East Government, Volume 2, Society, and Culture in the Roman Empire (2004).pdf

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James Hampton Belton - An Encyclopedia of Ancient Greek and Roman Mythology (2009).jpg

E. M. Berens orginally wrote “Myths and Legends of Ancient Greece and Rome” to provide an interesting work on Greek and Roman mythology, suitable for advanced schools. He (or she, I haven't been able to find out) wanted to give the student a clear and succinct idea of the Religious beliefs of the ancients, and to render the subject at once interesting and instructive. He hoped to awaken in the minds of young students a desire to become more intimately acquainted with the noble productions of classical antiquity.

I decided to create this Encyclopedia because I like the ease of use of a single browsable document in alphabetical order, and did not find a free encyclopedia that I liked. Wikipedia is a fantastic resource, but it is not an easy read. I liked the consistant, easy style of the E. M. Berens book, and because it was available from Project Gutenberg for free and without restrictions, I could take it and turn it into this reference work at only the cost of my time.
A very brief note on the conventions for the entry headings: the name of the entry is usually followed by the pronounciation in parentheses. In the case of figures who have equivalents in Greek and Roman mythology, the equivalent figure's name then follows in brackets. I hope you enjoy this book. Regards, James Hampton Belton

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James Hampton Belton - Encyclopedia of Ancient Gre ek and Roman Mythology (2009).pdf

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Cambridge Ancient History XIII - Averil Cameron - The Late Empire, A.D. 337—425 (2007).jpg

With the publication of Volume 13 The Cambridge Ancient History moves into fresh territory. The first edition was completed by Volume 12 which closed in AD 324. The editors of the new edition have enlarged the scope of Volume 12 to include the foundation of Constantinople and the death of Constantine, and extended the series with two new volumes taking the history down to AD 600. Volume 13 covers the years 337-425, from the death of Constantine to the reign of Theodosius II. It begins with a series of narrative chapters, followed by a part on government and institutions. The economy and society of the Empire are grouped together, as are chapters on foreign relations and the barbarian world. A part on religion marks the importance of Christianity in the Roman Empire by this period. The volume concludes with chapters on the various literary cultures of the Empire, and on art.

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Alison Futrell - The Roman Games, A Sourcebook (20 06).jpg

This sourcebook presents a wealth of material that casts light on the rich tradition of Roman spectacle, with special focus on gladiatorial combat and chariot racing. Drawing on literary descriptions, inscriptions, reliefs, mosaics, and archaeological features, The Roman Games offers a range of political, social, and religious perspectives.

Featuring the accounts of eyewitnesses and participants, the book reconstructs the experience of "a day at the games" and the expectations of "the life of a gladiator."

The editor provides historical framework and analytical commentary for each of the entries, as well as a glossary of technical terms and a timeline to give additional context for students and general readers.

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Cambridge Ancient History XII - Alan K. Bowman - The Crisis of Empire A.D. 193–337 (2005).jpg

This volume covers the history of the Roman Empire from the accession of Septimius Severus in AD 193 to the death of Constantine in AD 337. This period was one of the most critical in the history of the Mediterranean world. It begins with the establishment of the Severan dynasty as a result of civil war. From AD 235 this period of relative stability was followed by half a century of short reigns of short-lived emperors and a number of military attacks on the eastern and northern frontiers of the empire. This was followed by the First Tetrarchy (AD 284-305), a period of collegial rule in which Diocletian, with his colleague Maximian and two junior Caesars (Constantius and Galerius), restabilised the empire. The period ends with the reign of the first Christian emperor, Constantine, who defeated Licinius and established a dynasty which lasted for thirty-five years.

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Valerie M. Hope - Death and Disease in the Ancient City (2004).jpg

This innovative volume draws on recent research in archaeology, ancient history and the history of medicine to discuss how people in the ancient world understood and dealt with illness and death in the urban environment.

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