MFGZubr

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MFGZubr

	Byzantium
	Carthage - Phoenicia (Kartagina - Fenicja)
	Crusaders (Krzyżowcy)
	Crusaders (Krzyżowcy)(1)
	Crusaders (Krzyżowcy)(2)
	Dokumenty
	Galeria
	Germans
	Gothes (Goci - Z Gotlandii poprzez teren dzisiejszej Polski wędrowali na nadczarnomorski step)
	Greckie miasta-kolonie handlowe na wybrzeżu Morza Czarnego
	Greece - Sparta
	Greece (Grecja)
	Hittites (Hetyci - Pierwsza indo-europejska cywilizacja, Centralna Anatolia)
	Huns ( Hunowie po 375 AD zniszczyli potężne państwo Sarmatia )
	Hurrians ( Huryci z królestw Mitanni i Urartu - Przodkowie Czeczenów)
	Kultura Przeworska - Lugiowie plemię Swebów - przodkowie Wandałow i Burgundów, między Wisłą i Odrą
	Polska prehistoryczna i średniowieczna
	Polska przedwojenna
	Prusy
	Prywatne
	Roman Army - Rzymska Armia
	Rome
	Russia
	Samuraje
	Spanish Civil War-Guerra Civil Espanola 1936-1939
	Thraco-Phrygian - (Grupa Tracko-Frygijska - Indo-europejczycy z obu stron cieśniny Bosforu)
	Troy
	Visigoths (Wizygoci - razem z Alanami stworzyli na Połwyspie Iberyjskim swoje państwo)
	Wikingowie-Warego wie-Normanowie
	World War II
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Ostatnio pobierane pliki

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Rome

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1,1 MB
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Shane Butler - The Hand of Cicero (2002).pdf

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Anna J. Clark - Divine Qualities, Cult and Communi ty in Republican Rome (2007).jpg

This book explores an aspect of how Romans thought about themselves. Its subject is 'divine qualities': qualities like Concord, Faith, Hope, Clemency, Fortune, Freedom, Piety, and Victory, which received public cult in Rome in the Republican period. Anna Clark draws on a wide range of evidence (literature, drama, coins, architecture, inscriptions and graffiti) to show that these qualities were not simply given cult because they were intrinsically important to 'Romans'. They rather became 'Roman' through claims, counter-claims, appropriations and explorations of them by different individuals. The resources brought into existence by cult (temples, altars, coin images, statues, passwords, votive inscriptions) were visible and accessible to a broad range of people. Divine qualities were relevant to a broader social spectrum than is usually recognized, and this has important consequences for our understanding of Roman society.

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Anna J. Clark - Divine Qualities, Cult and Communi ty in Republican Rome (2007).pdf

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Geoffr Greatrex - Roman Eastern Frontier and the P ersian Wars, 363-628 AD, a Narrative Sourcebook (2 002).jpg

Late Antiquity was an eventful period on the eastern frontier of the Roman empire. From the failure of the Emperor Julian's invasion of Persia in 363 AD to the overwhelming victory of the Emperor Heraclius in 628, the Romans and Persians were engaged in almost constant conflict. This book, sequel to the volume covering the years 226-363 AD, provides translations of key texts on relations between the opposing sides, taken from a wide range of sources. Many have never before been available in a modern language, and all are fully set in context with expert commentary and extensive annotation.

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Geoffr Greatrex - Roman Eastern Frontier and the P ersian Wars, 363-628 AD, a Narrative Sourcebook (2 002).pdf

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David Potter - Literary Texts and the Roman Histor ian (1999).jpg

This book explores literary texts of the Roman empire to offer a depiction of actual events and the ways in which these texts were created, disseminated and read. Just as the literary remains of the Roman empire are extraordinarily varied, so too are the approaches that historians have taken to them. David S. Potter examines the ongoing dialogue between modern historians and the ancient texts. Literary Texts and the Roman Historian provides a comprehensive introduction to the complexities of Roman historiography.

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David Potter - Literary Texts and the Roman Histor ian (1999).pdf

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Letitia Coyne - Britannia (2006).jpg

Maia and her step-brother Cilo were raised in an opulent villa in the Seine Valley, by their vile step-mother.
Cilo enlisted in the army in Britannia at fifteen.
Lucius, Luc, is commander of an auxiliary cavalry unit of Legio XX, Valeria Victrix. The son of a Caledonian mercenary who joined Rome, he and his four brothers are renowned soldiers of great ability and bravery.
At 25 he has served ten years, is looking at another fifteen, and has had enough of killing. Exhausted and battle fatigued after the brutal AD77 Cambrian campaign, he has been weighing up his chances of survival as a deserter.
When Maia is married off to her stepbrother, she is once again abandoned when he returns to his post. Seizing her chance to escape, she joins an exclusive group of travelling priestesses on their way to Britannia. But they can only take her some of the way, and she finds herself moving through a complex web of lies and deceptions, where everyone she meets has a separate agenda.
If she can only trust Lucius, he can take her to her husband. Everything she knows about the world will change, if she can survive the journey.

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Letitia Coyne - Britannia (2006).pdf

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Letitia Coyne - Hispania (2006).jpg

First century Spain was divided into three provinces: Lusitania and Baetica in the south, and Tarraconensis in the north. While the southern and central areas, once subdued, were quickly Romanized, the northern areas, up into the Pyrenees, maintained a ‘seething’ peace.
Although the siege of Numantia in 133BC marked the end of organized resistance to Rome, the Celtiberian tribes maintained their heritage of warrior elites, and their hatred of Rome.
They accepted the comforts, infrastructure and the benefits of Empire, while remaining independent tribal city-states under the control of noble families.

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Letitia Coyne - Hispania (2006).pdf

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David S. Potter - The Roman Empire at Bay, AD 180- 395 (2004).jpg

A striking achievement of historical synthesis combined with a compelling interpretative line, The Roman Empire at Bay enables students of all periods to understand the dynamics of great imperial powers. David Potter's comprehensive survey of two critical and eventful centuries traces the course of imperial decline, skillfully weaving together cultural, intellectual and political history. Particular attention is paid throughout to the structures of government, the rise of Persia as a rival, and the diverse intellectual movements in the empire. There is also a strong focus on Christianity, transformed in this period from a fringe sect to the leading religion. Against this detailed background, Professor Potter argues that the loss of power can mainly be attributed to the failure in the imperial elite to respond to changes inside and outside the empire, and to internal struggles for control between different elements in the government, resulting in an inefficient centralization of powerat court.

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Michael Lipka - Roman Gods (2009).jpg

The book is concerned with the question of how the concept of 'god' in urban Rome can be analyzed along the lines of six constituent concepts, i.e. space, time, personnel, function, iconography and ritual. While older publications tended to focus on the conceptual nature of Roman gods only in those (comparatively rare) instances in which different concepts patently overlapped (as in the case of the deified emperor or hero-worship), this book develops general criteria for an analysis of pagan, Jewish and Christian concepts of gods in ancient Rome (and by extension elsewhere). While the argument of the book is exclusively based on the evidence from the capital up to the age of Constantine, in the concluding section the results are compared to other religious belief systems, thus demonstrating the general applicability of this conceptual approach.

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Michael Lipka - Roman Gods (2009).pdf

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David Shotter - Roman Britain (1998).jpg

Analyzing current research, David Shotter introduces this period and explains the progress of the Romans and their objectives in conquering Britain. Concentrating on the changes enjoyed by the British as part of the Roman empire, he surveys the diversity of people, activities and aspirations that became a thriving Romano-British economy and society. This authoritative introduction brings the central themes and problems into sharper focus and incorporates traditional and revisionist approaches.

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David Shotter - Roman Britain (1998).pdf

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Gerard Friell - The Rome That Did Not Fall, The Su rvival of the East in the Fifth Century (2000).jpg

Why did the Western Roman empire collapse in the fifth century and the Eastern Roman empire survive for another thousand years?
The Rome That Did Not Fall examines the two halves of the Roman empire in the fifth century_the Latin West and the Greek East. Stephen Williams and Gerard Friell explore how, despite similar military and political turmoils, the western empire all but collapsed and the eastern empire survived and consolidated its power in the face of the invading barbarians, weak and immature emperors and intrigues around the throne. The Rome That Did Not Fall analyzes the remarkable recovery of the eastern empire, comparing the parallel and diverging developments in east and west, and tracing the evolution of new skills and strategies in the east_diplomatic, military, political and fiscal. This well-illustrated and well-documented book provides a stimulating exploration of the fifth century Roman empire.

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Gerard Friell - The Rome That Did Not Fall, The Su rvival of the East in the Fifth Century (2000).pdf

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M. Johnson - Sexuality in Greek and Roman Literatu re and Society, A Sourcebook (2005).jpg

This volume contains numerous original translations of ancient poetry, inscriptions, and documents, all of which illuminate the multifaceted nature of sexuality in antiquity. The detailed introduction provides full social and historical context for the sources, and guides students on how to use the material most effectively. Themes such as marriage, prostitution, and same-sex attraction are presented comparatively, with material from the Greek and Roman worlds shown side by side. This approach allows readers to interpret the written records with a full awareness of the different context of these separate but related societies. Commentaries are provided throughout, focusing on vocabulary and social and historical context. This is the first major sourcebook on ancient sexuality; it will be of particular use on related courses in classics/ancient history and gender studies.

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M. Johnson - Sexuality in Greek and Roman Literatu re and Society, A Sourcebook (2005).pdf

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David Mattingly - Tripolitania (2005).jpg

Lepcis Magna, one of the greatest cities of North Africa and one of the most famous archaeological sites in the Mediterranean, was situated in the region (later province) of Tripolitania. Birthplace of the emperor Septimius Severus, the city has yielded many well- preserved monuments from its Roman past, but the extraordinary architecture and history of this city has never been examined in the context of the ancient region as a whole, encompassing north-west Libya and southern Tunisia. David Mattingly has filled this gap, presenting important new research on the military frontier, the pre-Roman tribal background, the urban centers, and the regional economy. Drawing on recent excavations and field surveys, he reinterprets many aspects of the settlement history of this marginal arid zone that once was prosperous. Partly through large-scale cultivation of olives, one of the least promising environments of the Mediterranean hosted one of the wealthiest Roman provincial towns- -Lepcis Magna.David Mattingly also considers many wider themes in Roman provincial studies: Romanization, the military strategy on the frontiers, and the economic links between provinces and the sources of elite wealth. The dramatic rise and premature decline of this region, over the 500-year period between Caesar's victory at Thapsus in 46 B.C.E. and the conquest of North Africa by the Vandals, make it one of the most unusual provincial histories of the Roman world.

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David Mattingly - Tripolitania (2005).pdf

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Adrian Goldsworthy - Caesar's Civil War 49-44 BC ( 2003).jpg

Julius Caesar and Pompey the Great were two of the greatest generals Rome ever produced. Together they had brought vast stretches of territory under Roman dominion. But in 49 BC they turned against one another and plunged Rome into civil war, with legion pitched against legion in a vicious battle for political domination of the vast Roman world. Based on original sources, Adrian Goldsworthy's book provides a gripping account of this desperate power struggle, in which the armies were evenly matched but Caesar's genius as a commander and his remarkable luck brought him victory in 45 BC.

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Thomas Noble - From Roman Provinces to Medieval Ki ngdoms (2006).jpg

In 300 C.E. the Roman Empire stretched from Britain to Mesopotamia, from the North Sea to the Sahara Desert. A mere three hundred years later the Roman imperial structure was gone, replaced by a series of barbarian kingdoms that became the basis of Europe's eventual medieval and modern states. In this anthology Thomas F.X. Noble presents a collection of key articles, written by leading scholars over the last twenty years, that examine how and why the dominance of the Roman Empire ended and how new forms of government and society were established. Since the Renaissance, historians have tended to understand the events of the period in terms of a dramatic "decline and fall" of Rome. However, these revisionist essays provide an overview of how contemporary historians have furthered the debate, reassessing how abruptly the shift from Roman Empire to barbarian Europe occurred, and the origins and causes of the development of the Middle Ages and the new order. Rome played a key role in guiding this transformation and these essays also include a wealth of material on the characteristics and experiences of the barbarian tribes, the relationships they forged with the Romans and how far their new kingdoms were influenced by Rome. With an accessible and informative introduction, and thorough editorial material accompanying each section, From Roman Provinces to Medieval Kingdoms is highly readable and informative compilation of current work and recent perspectives, making complex debates accessible to students and exposing them to the key debates surrounding the study of the era.

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Thomas Noble - From Roman Provinces to Medieval Ki ngdoms (2006).pdf

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Leonard Curchin - The Romanization of Central Spai n, Complexity, Diversity and Change in a Provincia l Hinterland (2003).jpg

Rome - Leonard Curchin - The Romanization of Central Spain, Com...ty, Diversity and Change in a Provincial Hinterland 2003.jpg

Curchin explores how, why and to what extent the peoples of Central Spain were intergrated into the Roman Empire during the period from the second century BC to the second century AD. He approaches the question from a variety of angles, including the social, economic, religious and material experiences of the inhabitants as they adjusted to change, the mechanisms by which they adopted new structures and values, and the power relations between Rome and the provincials. The book also considers the peculiar features of Central Spain, which made its Romanization so distinctive.

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Leonard Curchin - The Romanization of Central Spai n, Complexity, Diversity and Change in a Provincia l Hinterland (2003).pdf

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M.G.L. Cooley - Pompeii, A Sourcebook (2004).jpg

With helpful introductions, notes and illustrations, this sourcebook will appeal to anyone with an interest in Pompeii and in daily life in Roman times. It is also designed to be directly relevant to those studying the Romans in translation, at school or university level.

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M.G.L. Cooley - Pompeii, A Sourcebook (2004).pdf

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Linda Jones Hall - Roman Berytus, Beirut in Late A ntiquity (2004).jpg

Modern Beirut was a city of major importance in the Roman world, as one the three main centers for the study of Roman law. For this study Linda Jones Hall exploits the numerous primary sources, including inscriptions, religions, histories, literary references, legal codes, and archaeological reports, to present a composite history of late antique Berytus - from its founding as a Roman colony in the time of Augustus, to its development into a center of legal study under Justinian. The book examines all aspects of life in the city, including geographical setting, economic base, built environment, political structures, religious transitions from paganism to Christianity, and the self-identity of the inhabitants in terms of ethnicity and occupation. The full texts of numerous narratives are presented to reveal the aspirations of the law students, the professors, and their fellow citizens such as the artisans. The study also explores the cultural implications of the city's Greek, Roman and then Syro Phoencian heritage. This volume provides the first detailed investigation of late antique Phoenicia, analysing the governors' and inhabitants' perception of themselves as Phoenician rather than Syrian. Professor Jones Hall also looks at religious affiliations are traced among pagans, Jews, and Christians. Though a study of the bishops and the churches, she shows that religious adherence was a much more complex issue that the simple Monophysite interpretation usually presented.

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