MFGZubr

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MFGZubr

	Byzantium
	Carthage - Phoenicia (Kartagina - Fenicja)
	Crusaders (Krzyżowcy)
	Crusaders (Krzyżowcy)(1)
	Crusaders (Krzyżowcy)(2)
	Dokumenty
	Galeria
	Germans
	Gothes (Goci - Z Gotlandii poprzez teren dzisiejszej Polski wędrowali na nadczarnomorski step)
	Greckie miasta-kolonie handlowe na wybrzeżu Morza Czarnego
	Greece - Sparta
	Greece (Grecja)
	Hittites (Hetyci - Pierwsza indo-europejska cywilizacja, Centralna Anatolia)
	Huns ( Hunowie po 375 AD zniszczyli potężne państwo Sarmatia )
	Hurrians ( Huryci z królestw Mitanni i Urartu - Przodkowie Czeczenów)
	Kultura Przeworska - Lugiowie plemię Swebów - przodkowie Wandałow i Burgundów, między Wisłą i Odrą
	Polska prehistoryczna i średniowieczna
	Polska przedwojenna
	Prusy
	Prywatne
	Roman Army - Rzymska Armia
	Rome
	Russia
	Samuraje
	Spanish Civil War-Guerra Civil Espanola 1936-1939
	Thraco-Phrygian - (Grupa Tracko-Frygijska - Indo-europejczycy z obu stron cieśniny Bosforu)
	Troy
	Visigoths (Wizygoci - razem z Alanami stworzyli na Połwyspie Iberyjskim swoje państwo)
	Wikingowie-Warego wie-Normanowie
	World War II
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Pierre Grimal - The Concise Dictionary of Classica l Mythology (1990).jpg

"The Concise Dictionary of Classical Mythology" is a distillation into brief form of the single source dictionary of ancient Greek and Roman myths and legends. In keeping with Grimal's original dictionary, first published in 1951 in France the concise version covers virtually all major characters, and eight genaeological tables present the principal complex relationships between gods and men. The entries concentrate on principal versions of each legend, and only the most significant variations are covered, in order to focus on the common core of classical literature. Brief definitions are cross referenced to short accounts of the main legends.

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Pierre Grimal - The Concise Dictionary of Classica l Mythology (1990).pdf

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Ann L. Kuttner - Dynasty and Empire in the Age of Augustus, The Case of the Boscoreale Cups (1995).jpg

The two silver skyphoi commonly known as the Boscoreale Cups of Augustus and Tiberius are indispensable for providing the documentation of one of the only two cycles of Roman imperial state reliefs to survive from the Julio-Claudian period. Ann Kuttner offers the first comprehensive examination of these historical treasures. Kuttner studies the Cups not only from the standpoint of art history but also as they relate to Augustan ideology and politics. When she began work on this book, the whereabouts of the Cups was unknown, and she had to rely on the illustrations in Monuments et Memoires (Fondation Eugen Pinot, 1901). The rediscovery of the Cups at the Louvre in late 1990 has allowed Kuttner to examine them directly.

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Ann L. Kuttner - Dynasty and Empire in the Age of Augustus, The Case of the Boscoreale Cups (1995).chm

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Alain M. Gowing - Empire and Memory, The Represent ation of the Roman Republic in Imperial Culture ( 2005).jpg

Despite the fact that the Roman Republic came to an undeniable end in 31 BC with the accession of the emperor Augustus, the memory of the Republic persisted. This book explores how that memory manifested itself, serving as an avenue for dissent as well as imperial propaganda, before gradually fading over the course of the early Empire (AD 14-117). Presenting case-studies of several imperial authors and key Roman monuments, it also examines the close relationship between memory and history in Roman thought, informed by modern studies of historical memory.

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Alain M. Gowing - Empire and Memory, The Represent ation of the Roman Republic in Imperial Culture ( 2005).pdf

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Shane Butler - The Hand of Cicero (2002).jpg

Charting a course through Cicero's celebrated career, Shane Butler presents the fascinating theory that the success of Rome's greatest orator depended as much on writing as speaking; he also argues against the conventional wisdom that Rome was an oral society, in which writing served only practical, secondary purposes.

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Shane Butler - The Hand of Cicero (2002).pdf

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Anna J. Clark - Divine Qualities, Cult and Communi ty in Republican Rome (2007).jpg

This book explores an aspect of how Romans thought about themselves. Its subject is 'divine qualities': qualities like Concord, Faith, Hope, Clemency, Fortune, Freedom, Piety, and Victory, which received public cult in Rome in the Republican period. Anna Clark draws on a wide range of evidence (literature, drama, coins, architecture, inscriptions and graffiti) to show that these qualities were not simply given cult because they were intrinsically important to 'Romans'. They rather became 'Roman' through claims, counter-claims, appropriations and explorations of them by different individuals. The resources brought into existence by cult (temples, altars, coin images, statues, passwords, votive inscriptions) were visible and accessible to a broad range of people. Divine qualities were relevant to a broader social spectrum than is usually recognized, and this has important consequences for our understanding of Roman society.

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Anna J. Clark - Divine Qualities, Cult and Communi ty in Republican Rome (2007).pdf

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Geoffr Greatrex - Roman Eastern Frontier and the P ersian Wars, 363-628 AD, a Narrative Sourcebook (2 002).jpg

Late Antiquity was an eventful period on the eastern frontier of the Roman empire. From the failure of the Emperor Julian's invasion of Persia in 363 AD to the overwhelming victory of the Emperor Heraclius in 628, the Romans and Persians were engaged in almost constant conflict. This book, sequel to the volume covering the years 226-363 AD, provides translations of key texts on relations between the opposing sides, taken from a wide range of sources. Many have never before been available in a modern language, and all are fully set in context with expert commentary and extensive annotation.

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Geoffr Greatrex - Roman Eastern Frontier and the P ersian Wars, 363-628 AD, a Narrative Sourcebook (2 002).pdf

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David Potter - Literary Texts and the Roman Histor ian (1999).jpg

This book explores literary texts of the Roman empire to offer a depiction of actual events and the ways in which these texts were created, disseminated and read. Just as the literary remains of the Roman empire are extraordinarily varied, so too are the approaches that historians have taken to them. David S. Potter examines the ongoing dialogue between modern historians and the ancient texts. Literary Texts and the Roman Historian provides a comprehensive introduction to the complexities of Roman historiography.

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David Potter - Literary Texts and the Roman Histor ian (1999).pdf

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Letitia Coyne - Britannia (2006).jpg

Maia and her step-brother Cilo were raised in an opulent villa in the Seine Valley, by their vile step-mother.
Cilo enlisted in the army in Britannia at fifteen.
Lucius, Luc, is commander of an auxiliary cavalry unit of Legio XX, Valeria Victrix. The son of a Caledonian mercenary who joined Rome, he and his four brothers are renowned soldiers of great ability and bravery.
At 25 he has served ten years, is looking at another fifteen, and has had enough of killing. Exhausted and battle fatigued after the brutal AD77 Cambrian campaign, he has been weighing up his chances of survival as a deserter.
When Maia is married off to her stepbrother, she is once again abandoned when he returns to his post. Seizing her chance to escape, she joins an exclusive group of travelling priestesses on their way to Britannia. But they can only take her some of the way, and she finds herself moving through a complex web of lies and deceptions, where everyone she meets has a separate agenda.
If she can only trust Lucius, he can take her to her husband. Everything she knows about the world will change, if she can survive the journey.

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Letitia Coyne - Britannia (2006).pdf

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Letitia Coyne - Hispania (2006).jpg

First century Spain was divided into three provinces: Lusitania and Baetica in the south, and Tarraconensis in the north. While the southern and central areas, once subdued, were quickly Romanized, the northern areas, up into the Pyrenees, maintained a ‘seething’ peace.
Although the siege of Numantia in 133BC marked the end of organized resistance to Rome, the Celtiberian tribes maintained their heritage of warrior elites, and their hatred of Rome.
They accepted the comforts, infrastructure and the benefits of Empire, while remaining independent tribal city-states under the control of noble families.

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Letitia Coyne - Hispania (2006).pdf

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David S. Potter - The Roman Empire at Bay, AD 180- 395 (2004).jpg

A striking achievement of historical synthesis combined with a compelling interpretative line, The Roman Empire at Bay enables students of all periods to understand the dynamics of great imperial powers. David Potter's comprehensive survey of two critical and eventful centuries traces the course of imperial decline, skillfully weaving together cultural, intellectual and political history. Particular attention is paid throughout to the structures of government, the rise of Persia as a rival, and the diverse intellectual movements in the empire. There is also a strong focus on Christianity, transformed in this period from a fringe sect to the leading religion. Against this detailed background, Professor Potter argues that the loss of power can mainly be attributed to the failure in the imperial elite to respond to changes inside and outside the empire, and to internal struggles for control between different elements in the government, resulting in an inefficient centralization of powerat court.

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David S. Potter - The Roman Empire at Bay, AD 180- 395 (2004).pdf

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Michael Lipka - Roman Gods (2009).jpg

The book is concerned with the question of how the concept of 'god' in urban Rome can be analyzed along the lines of six constituent concepts, i.e. space, time, personnel, function, iconography and ritual. While older publications tended to focus on the conceptual nature of Roman gods only in those (comparatively rare) instances in which different concepts patently overlapped (as in the case of the deified emperor or hero-worship), this book develops general criteria for an analysis of pagan, Jewish and Christian concepts of gods in ancient Rome (and by extension elsewhere). While the argument of the book is exclusively based on the evidence from the capital up to the age of Constantine, in the concluding section the results are compared to other religious belief systems, thus demonstrating the general applicability of this conceptual approach.

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Michael Lipka - Roman Gods (2009).pdf

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David Shotter - Roman Britain (1998).jpg

Analyzing current research, David Shotter introduces this period and explains the progress of the Romans and their objectives in conquering Britain. Concentrating on the changes enjoyed by the British as part of the Roman empire, he surveys the diversity of people, activities and aspirations that became a thriving Romano-British economy and society. This authoritative introduction brings the central themes and problems into sharper focus and incorporates traditional and revisionist approaches.

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David Shotter - Roman Britain (1998).pdf

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Gerard Friell - The Rome That Did Not Fall, The Su rvival of the East in the Fifth Century (2000).jpg

Why did the Western Roman empire collapse in the fifth century and the Eastern Roman empire survive for another thousand years?
The Rome That Did Not Fall examines the two halves of the Roman empire in the fifth century_the Latin West and the Greek East. Stephen Williams and Gerard Friell explore how, despite similar military and political turmoils, the western empire all but collapsed and the eastern empire survived and consolidated its power in the face of the invading barbarians, weak and immature emperors and intrigues around the throne. The Rome That Did Not Fall analyzes the remarkable recovery of the eastern empire, comparing the parallel and diverging developments in east and west, and tracing the evolution of new skills and strategies in the east_diplomatic, military, political and fiscal. This well-illustrated and well-documented book provides a stimulating exploration of the fifth century Roman empire.

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Gerard Friell - The Rome That Did Not Fall, The Su rvival of the East in the Fifth Century (2000).pdf

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M. Johnson - Sexuality in Greek and Roman Literatu re and Society, A Sourcebook (2005).jpg

This volume contains numerous original translations of ancient poetry, inscriptions, and documents, all of which illuminate the multifaceted nature of sexuality in antiquity. The detailed introduction provides full social and historical context for the sources, and guides students on how to use the material most effectively. Themes such as marriage, prostitution, and same-sex attraction are presented comparatively, with material from the Greek and Roman worlds shown side by side. This approach allows readers to interpret the written records with a full awareness of the different context of these separate but related societies. Commentaries are provided throughout, focusing on vocabulary and social and historical context. This is the first major sourcebook on ancient sexuality; it will be of particular use on related courses in classics/ancient history and gender studies.

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M. Johnson - Sexuality in Greek and Roman Literatu re and Society, A Sourcebook (2005).pdf

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David Mattingly - Tripolitania (2005).jpg

Lepcis Magna, one of the greatest cities of North Africa and one of the most famous archaeological sites in the Mediterranean, was situated in the region (later province) of Tripolitania. Birthplace of the emperor Septimius Severus, the city has yielded many well- preserved monuments from its Roman past, but the extraordinary architecture and history of this city has never been examined in the context of the ancient region as a whole, encompassing north-west Libya and southern Tunisia. David Mattingly has filled this gap, presenting important new research on the military frontier, the pre-Roman tribal background, the urban centers, and the regional economy. Drawing on recent excavations and field surveys, he reinterprets many aspects of the settlement history of this marginal arid zone that once was prosperous. Partly through large-scale cultivation of olives, one of the least promising environments of the Mediterranean hosted one of the wealthiest Roman provincial towns- -Lepcis Magna.David Mattingly also considers many wider themes in Roman provincial studies: Romanization, the military strategy on the frontiers, and the economic links between provinces and the sources of elite wealth. The dramatic rise and premature decline of this region, over the 500-year period between Caesar's victory at Thapsus in 46 B.C.E. and the conquest of North Africa by the Vandals, make it one of the most unusual provincial histories of the Roman world.

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