tsi 207. Ireland and the Phoenix Park Murders.mp3

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tsi 162. Cato Street, Liverpool and the Legacy of Pitt.mp3

King George IV is on the throne whilst Britain is governed by three determined men. Narrated by Anna Massey.

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End of the Irish Invasion - Gillray Fox portrayed her ...

End of the Irish Invasion - Gillray Fox portrayed here as the dismayed figurehead of the french warship Le Revolutionaire, had repeatedley scorned fears of a French descent upon Ireland. However, on 23rd December 1797 in an expedition organised by the fanatical and Anglophobe General Lazare Hoche (A lower class born french soldier who rose to be a general in the Revolutionary army.) A french squadron with numerous millitary transports anchored in Batry Bay in Southern Ireland but was dispersed by foul weather.

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A Gillray cartoon referring to William Pitt's policy on ...

A Gillray cartoon referring to William Pitt's policy on Income Tax

tsi 144. Yorktown.mp3

Franco-American forces triumph and Britain loses its American colonies.

tsi 138. Lord North and The Boston Massacre.mp3

Lord North In 1770 Frederick North became First Lord of the Treasury and Prime Minister. He was a Tory. During his 12 years as Prime Minister Britain would lose the War of American Independence. In 1770 there was a move to reform Parliament - The Bill of Rights Society was formed which said that Parliament should sit every year, that placemen (those in Parliament to maintain the government's majority) should be abolished and that MPs should have mandates from the electorate. Debates in the House were still, officially, secret affairs. In Lord North, George III finally found a leader who would be the King's most loyal subject. George III held Parliament, Cabinet and policy in his hand. Chronology 1760 George II dies George III becomes king Wolfe dies at Quebec 1761 Pitt the Elder falls from power 1762 Newcastle resigns Bute becomes Prime Minister 1763 Bute resigns Grenville becomes Prime Minister 1765 Rockingham becomes Prime Minister Hargreaves invents the spinning jenny 1766 Grafton becomes nominal Prime Minister 1768 Royal Academy of Arts founded 1769 Captain Cook lands at Tahiti ............................................................................. 1770 Lord North becomes Prime Minister ............................................................................. 1773 Boston Tea Party 1775 American Revolution begins 1776 American Declaration of Independence 1778 Death of Pitt the Elder France joins America against Britain 1782 North resigns Rockingham becomes Prime Minister Rockingham dies Shelburne becomes Prime Minister

tsi 137. Watt, Arkwright and the Industrial Revolution.mp3

1769 was a remarkable year for England and patents. Watt, Arkwright & Industrial Revolution The late 18th century saw the beginnings of the Industrial Revolution. In 1769 Richard Arkwright invented a spinning frame powered by water; James Watt patented his steam engine; Josiah Wedgwood opened another pottery and the Royal Academy had its first president, Joshua Reynolds. The style and location of industry was changing. New inventions and the relationship between technology and science were the reasons. In1769 Britain was almost entirely an agricultural society. In the last 40 years of the 18th century exports and imports more than doubled in value. Steam engines provided a new source of power in factories and foundries. Canals were constructed which carried coal cheaply to new centres of industry. New methods of smelting led to an increase in the output of iron. New roads, with a hard and durable surface, connected the new centres of industries with the ports. Chronology 1760 George II dies George III becomes king Wolfe dies at Quebec 1761 Pitt the Elder falls from power 1762 Newcastle resigns Bute becomes Prime Minister 1763 Bute resigns Grenville becomes Prime Minister 1765 Rockingham becomes Prime Minister Hargreaves invents the spinning jenny 1766 Grafton becomes nominal Prime Minister 1768 Royal Academy of Arts founded 1769 Captain Cook lands at Tahiti 1770 Lord North becomes Prime Minister 1773 Boston Tea Party 1775 American Revolution begins 1776 American Declaration of Independence 1778 Death of Pitt the Elder France joins America against Britain 1782 North resigns Rockingham becomes Prime Minister Rockingham dies Shelburne becomes Prime Minister

tsi 136. Window Taxes and Highway Robbery.mp3

Window Taxes & Highway Robbery At the start of the 1700s the Government was taking £4.3million a year in taxes. By the end of the century it was nearly £32million. National Debt was rising. In 1700 it was about £14million by the end of George III's first decade, it was £129million. By the end of the century it would be £456million. The interest alone was £9million a year and taxation had doubled. Highway robbery was widespread. A police force was desperately required though debated with suspicion. Henry Fielding, a magistrate working from Bow Street, organized freelance thief takers. These became known as Bow Street Runners and are the forerunners of the police force which was not formed until the early part of the 19th Century. Up until 1750 if the law needed enforcing soldiers had to be called. HENRY FIELDING (1707-1754) Magistrate, dramatist and novelist and popularly remembered as the author of The History Of Tom Jones, A Foundling and The Adventures Of Joseph Andrews And His Friend A prolific writer of comedies and farces with a political edge Helped provoke Walpole's Government into passing the 1737 licensing act Produced his masterpiece Tom Jones in 1749 Political connections led to his appointment as a Westminster magistrate in 1748 Became chairman in 1749 and, with his brother John, helped set up THE BOW STREET RUNNERS Chronology 1756 Pitt the Elder becomes Secretary at War Seven Years' War starts Black Hole of Calcutta 1757 Militia Act Calcutta recaptured 1760 George II dies George III becomes king Wolfe dies at Quebec 1761 Pitt the Elder falls from power 1762 Newcastle resigns Bute becomes Prime Minister 1763 Bute resigns Grenville becomes Prime Minister 1765 Rockingham becomes Prime Minister Hargreaves invents the spinning jenny 1766 Grafton becomes nominal Prime Minister 1768 Royal Academy of Arts founded 1769 Captain Cook lands at Tahiti 1770 Lord North becomes Prime Minister

tsi 135. Captain Cook.mp3

Captain Cook Captain Cook was a navigator, an explorer and an hydrographer. In 1768 he began the first of his three great voyages. In a decade he sailed to Tahiti, New Zealand, Australian and Hawaii. He plotted the exact positions of the Easter Islands and Tonga, New Caledonia and Norfolk Island. He surveyed the North American coast and charted the extreme coast of Siberia before sailing south again to Hawaii. Geographically, however, there was still great ignorance of what lay south of the equator. Everyone knew about Europe, something of China, India and North America, but not much about the southern hemisphere. Cook had orders to observe a transit of Venus from Tahiti in June 1769. He took with him a second secret set of orders not to be opened until his first orders had been carried out. These instructed him that, if and when he discovered the Continent he must measure it and survey the coastal waters, shoals, currents, tides and harbours, headlands and rocks. He was to look for fish, plants, minerals, precious stones, beasts and fowl and bring examples back to England. Chronology 1760 George II dies George III becomes king Wolfe dies at Quebec 1761 Pitt the Elder falls from power 1762 Newcastle resigns Bute becomes Prime Minister 1763 Bute resigns Grenville becomes Prime Minister 1765 Rockingham becomes Prime Minister Hargreaves invents the spinning jenny 1766 Grafton becomes nominal Prime Minister 1768 Royal Academy of Arts founded 1769 Captain Cook lands at Tahiti............................................................ 1770 Lord North becomes Prime Minister 1773 Boston Tea Party 1775 American Revolution begins 1776 American Declaration of Independence 1778 Death of Pitt the Elder France joins America against Britain 1782 North resigns Rockingham becomes Prime Minister Rockingham dies Shelburne becomes Prime Minister

tsi 134. Edinburgh New Town.mp3

Pitt the Elder, now the Earl of Chatham, became lord privy seal. He was not at all well, suffering from gout and bouts of desperate depression. By1768 he was not really in control, Grafton was now Prime Minister. Ministers did not rally round the ailing Pitt - it was not until Pitt the Younger became Prime Minister that collective Cabinet responsibility became a reality. The population was growing and with it the towns and cities. Gradually the habit of emptying chamber pots from upstairs windows was replaced with good drainage and common sewers this helped to raise the average life expectancy from thirty-one or thirty-two to thirty nine.

tsi 133. Goldsmith and Sterne and 18th Century Letters.mp3

Taxing the Colonies and Smuggling at Home Pitt the Elder, now the Earl of Chatham, became lord privy seal. He was not at all well, suffering from gout and bouts of desperate depression. By1768 he was not really in control, Grafton was now Prime Minister. Ministers did not rally round the ailing Pitt - it was not until Pitt the Younger became Prime Minister that collective Cabinet responsibility became a reality. The population was growing and with it the towns and cities. Gradually the habit of emptying chamber pots from upstairs windows was replaced with good drainage and common sewers this helped to raise the average life expectancy from thirty-one or thirty-two to thirty nine.

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