tsi 187. Gladstone's First Budget.mp3

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this sceptered isle1 Land of the Druids.mp3

The story begins in 55BC with the Pro-Consul of Gaul, one Gaius Julius Caesar.

this sceptered isle 2 The Invasion.mp3

Caesar invades, but doesn't have things all his own way. BOUDICCA Queen of the Iceni after the death of her husband Prasutagas Romans raped her daughters and it was then, in AD 61, that Boudicca led her people against the Romans annihilating the populations of Colchester, St Albans and London The Governor of Britain, was Paulinus who was fighting in another part of the country. His legions returned to the south east. Although not all of them arrived in time, it was Paulinus who defeated Boudicca and her charioteers and foot soldiers did you know? The first Christian church was built in England in 166 AD at Glastonbury 55BC Julius Caesar 43AD Conquest begins 410 Romans leave 450 St Patrick 477 Saxons land in Sussex 494 Jutes in Kent c.518 King Arthur 550 St David 563 St Columba 597 St Augustine 715 Beowulf 731 Venerable Bede 760 The Book of Kells 783 Offa's Dyke IMPORTANT ROMAN TOWNS • Chester • St Albans • Colchester • Bath • Chichester • London • York

this sceptered isle 6 The Crumbling Legacy.mp3

The Romans have left, meaning the enemy is now the Barbarians 55BC Julius Caesar 43AD Conquest begins 410 Romans leave 450 St Patrick 477 Saxons land in Sussex 494 Jutes in Kent c.518 King Arthur 550 St David 563 St Columba 597 St Augustine 715 Beowulf 731 Venerable Bede 760 The Book of Kells 783 Offa's Dyke IMPORTANT ROMAN TOWNS • Chester • St Albans • Colchester • Bath • Chichester • London • York

this sceptered isle 7 Camelot.mp3

Anna Massey takes us back to the Dark Ages to examine whether there is any truth behind the legend of King Arthur. Camelot is a castle and court associated with the legendary King Arthur. Absent in the early Arthurian material, Camelot first appeared in 12th-century French romances and eventually came to be described as the fantastic capital of Arthur's realm and a symbol of the Arthurian world. The stories locate it somewhere in Britain and sometimes associate it with real cities, though more usually its precise location is not revealed. Most scholars regard it as being entirely fictional, its geography being perfect for romance writers; Arthurian scholar Norris J. Lacy commented that "Camelot, located no where in particular, can be anywhere".[1] Nevertheless arguments about the location of the "real Camelot" have occurred since the 15th century and continue to rage today in popular works and for tourism purposes.

this sceptered isle 8 Who Are the English.mp3

Anna Massey narrates the history of Britain, revealing how the invading Angles, Saxons and Jutes became the English. The Benedictine monk Bede, writing in the early 8th century, identified the English as the descendants of three Germanic tribes:[4] the Angles, who may have come from Angeln (in modern Germany): Bede wrote that their whole nation came to Britain,[5] leaving their former land empty. The name England (Old English: Engla land or Ængla land) originates from this tribe;[6] the Saxons, from Lower Saxony (in modern Germany; German: Niedersachsen) and the Low Countries; the Jutes, possibly from the Jutland peninsula (in modern Denmark; Danish: Jylland). Their language, Old English, which derived from Ingvaeonic West Germanic dialects, transformed into Middle English from the 11th century. Old English was divided into four main dialects: West Saxon, Mercian, Northumbrian and Kentish. 55BC Julius Caesar 43AD Conquest begins 410 Romans leave 450 St Patrick 477 Saxons land in Sussex 494 Jutes in Kent c.518 King Arthur 550 St David 563 St Columba 597 St Augustine 715 Beowulf 731 Venerable Bede 760 The Book of Kells 783 Offa's Dyke

this sceptered isle 9 The Arrogant Saint.mp3

Augustine is sent over from Rome to preach the word of God. The Arrival in Kent of the missionaries sent By Gregory the Great (597) In the year of our Lord 582, Maurice, the fifty-fourth emperor from Augustus, ascended the throne and reigned twenty-one years. In the tenth year of his reign, Gregory, a man renowned for learning and behavior, was promoted to the apostolic see of Rome,' and presided over it thirteen years, six months, and ten days. He, being moved by divine inspiration, about the one hundred and fiftieth year after the coming of the English into Britain, sent the servant of God, Augustine, and with him several other monks who feared the Lord, to preach the word of God to the English nation. . . .

this sceptered isle 12 The Vikings.mp3

Having landed in the north of England, the Vikings fought a harsh battle near Lindisfarne. ``On the seventh of the ides of June, they reached the church of Lindisfarne, and there they miserably ravaged and pillaged everything; they trod the holy things under their polluted feet, they dug down the altars, and plundered all the treasures of the church. Some of the brethren they slew, some they carried off with them in chains, the greater number they stripped naked, insulted, and cast out of doors, and some they drowned in the sea.``

this sceptered isle 10 Edwin to Whitby.mp3

how King Edwin became one of the most powerful men of his day. Edwin (Old English: Ēadwine; c. 586 – 12 October 632/633), also known as Eadwine or Æduini, was the King of Deira and Bernicia – which later became known as Northumbria – from about 616 until his death. He converted to Christianity and was baptised in 627; after he fell at the Battle of Hatfield Chase, he was venerated as a saint. Edwin was the son of Ælle king of Deira and seems to have had (at least) two siblings. His sister Acha was married to Æthelfrith, king of neighbouring Bernicia. An otherwise unknown sibling fathered Hereric, who in turn fathered Abbess Hilda of Whitby and Hereswith, wife to Æthelric, the brother of king Anna of East Anglia.[1]

this sceptered isle 13 Alfred the Great.mp3

He burnt the cakes, he founded a navy. But why was Alfred 'Great'? Anna Massey narrates the history of Britain. Alfred was born in the village of Wanating, now Wantage, Oxfordshire. He was the youngest son of King Æthelwulf of Wessex, by his first wife, Osburh.[3] In 853, at the age of four, Alfred is said to have been sent to Rome where, according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle,[4] he was confirmed by Pope Leo IV who "anointed him as king". Victorian writers interpreted this as an anticipatory coronation in preparation for his ultimate succession to the throne of Wessex. However, his succession could not have been foreseen at the time, as Alfred had three living elder brothers. A letter of Leo IV shows that Alfred was made a "consul"; a misinterpretation of this investiture, deliberate or accidental, could explain later confusion.[5] It may also be based on Alfred's later having accompanied his father on a pilgrimage to Rome where he spent some time at the court of Charles the Bald, King of the Franks, around 854–855. On their return from Rome in 856, Æthelwulf was deposed by his son Æthelbald. With civil war looming, the magnates of the realm met in council to hammer out a compromise. Æthelbald would retain the western shires (i.e., traditional Wessex), and Æthelwulf would rule in the east. When King Æthelwulf died in 858, Wessex was ruled by three of Alfred's brothers in succession, Æthelbald, Æthelbert and Æthelred.[6] Bishop Asser tells the story of how as a child Alfred won a prize of a volume of poetry in English, offered by his mother to the first of her children able to memorise it. Legend also has it that the young Alfred spent time in Ireland seeking healing. Alfred was troubled by health problems throughout his life. It is thought that he may have suffered from Crohn's disease. Statues of Alfred in Winchester and Wantage portray him as a great warrior. Evidence suggests he was not physically strong, and though not lacking in courage, he was more noted for his intellect than a warlike character.[7]

this sceptered isle 14 The Death of Alfred.mp3

Despite Danegeld and baptism, the Danes continue to cause trouble for the Saxons. Alfred dies after ruling for 28 years. Anna Massey narrates the history of Britain. Alfred died on 26 October 899. How he died is unknown, although he suffered throughout his life with a painful and unpleasant illness – possibly Crohn's disease,[84] which seems to have been inherited by his grandson King Edred. He was originally buried temporarily in the Old Minster in Winchester, then moved to the New Minster (perhaps built especially to receive his body). When the New Minster moved to Hyde, a little north of the city, in 1110, the monks transferred to Hyde Abbey along with Alfred's body and those of his wife and children. Soon after the dissolution of the abbey in 1539, during the reign of Henry VIII, the church was demolished, leaving the graves intact.[85] The royal graves and many others were probably rediscovered by chance in 1788 when a prison was being constructed by convicts on the site. Coffins were stripped of lead, bones were scattered and lost, and no identifiable remains of Alfred have subsequently been found. Further excavations in 1866 and 1897 were inconclusive.[85][86] He is regarded as a saint by some Catholics,[87] but an attempt by king Henry VI in 1441 to get him canonized was unsuccessful.[88][89] The Anglican Communion venerates him as a Christian hero, with a feast day of 26 October,[90] and he may often be found depicted in stained glass in Church of England parish churches. Chronology 55BC Julius Caesar 43AD Conquest began 410 Romans leave 450 St Patrick 477 Saxons land in Sussex 494 Jutes in Kent 518 King Arthur 550 St David 563 St Columba 597 St Augustine 715 Beowulf 731 Venerable Bede 760 The Book of Kells 783 Offa's Dyke 891 Anglo Saxon Chronicle begins 916 Vikings attack Ireland 924 Athelstan becomes king 954 Eric Bloodaxe of Norway is routed at York English take Northumbria 959 Edgar king of England 960 St Dunstan Archbishop of Canterbury 978 Edward the Martyr murdered at Corfe Castle 1013 Aethelred forced into exile in Normandy 1014 Death of Sweyn I Forkbeard of Denmark 1016 Edmund II Ironside chosen as king but defeated by Cnut 1034 Duncan I, king of Scots 1035 Harold I Harefoot, king of England 1040 Harthacnut becomes king of England Macbeth becomes king of Scotland 1042 Edward the Confessor becomes king of England 1052 Earl Godwine returns to England and regains Wessex 1058 Malcolm III Canmore, king of Scots 1064 Harold visits William II Normandy 1066 Harold II becomes king Defeats Harold Hardrada and Tostig at Stamford Bridge Defeated by William of Normandy at Hastings William I, the Conqueror becomes king 1070 Lanfrac becomes Archbishop of Canterbury 1072 William the Conqueror invades Scotland Malcolm III of Scots pays homage to William 1078 William the Conqueror begins the Tower of London 1086 Domesday 1087 William the Conqueror dies William Rufus becomes king of England Robert becomes II Duke of Normandy

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