PARADISE LOST OLIVER TWIST MONO.WMA

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milton.mp3

http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b007rdlz BBC Radio 4's Poet in Residence, Daljit Nagra revisits the BBC's radio poetry archive. 'Visions of Paradise' features one of the towering achievements of world literature: John Milton's Paradise Lost. Written after he went blind, the programme is presented by Peter White, himself blind. Peter begins by talking to John Hull, the theologian, who also became blind, decades ago, at which point he decided to learn the opening section of Paradise Lost. Producer: Mark Smalley First broadcast on BBC Radio 4 in July 2007.

paradise lost 6.mp3

bbc

PARADISE LOST 21stereo.mp3

PARADISE LOST 33.mp3

PARADISE LOST 30.mp3

bbc

this sceptered isle 44 battle of Bannockburn.mp3

Robert the Bruce defeats Edward II at Falkirk. The King's Favourite and Bannockburn; Edward II succeeded in 1307. He immediately offended the barons by his infatuation with Piers Gaveston, son of a Gascon knight, he made him earl of Cornwall and left him to rule England while he, Edward, went to France to marry Isabella, daughter of Philip IV. The barons demanded that Gaveston be banished and forced the King to agree. Gaveston was appointed lieutenant in Ireland. The barons set up a lay, ecclesiastical and lordly committee, the Lord Ordainers, which drew up the Ordinances of 1311. Edward agreed to the Ordinances on condition that Gaveston returned. He did so only to be hounded to the north by the barons. At Scarborough, Gaveston made terms with the barons but was later killed by nobles who were not present at Scarborough. In 1314 Edward II met Robert the Bruce at Falkirk and was defeated in, what became known as, the Battle of Bannockburn.

this sceptered isle 43 from the Maid of Norway to Robe....mp3

William Wallace leads the Scots to victory at Stirling Bridge. The Maid of Norway and Robert the Bruce; In 1290 there was relative peace between England and Scotland. Edward was asked to arbitrate between the two strongest claimants for the Scottish throne: John Balliol and Robert the Bruce. Edward chose Balliol and expected him to become his puppet. The Scots were wise to this and although they accepted John as their king they insisted on a council of 12 Scottish lords to look after the rights of Scotland. At this point Edward's attentions were required in France and he spent the rest of his reign struggling with north and south. The Scots saw their opportunity and allied themselves with the French. Edward was furious and marched on Berwick capturing Balliol, Edward's success continued until William Wallace rose to lead the Scottish and won a victory at Stirling Bridge, only to be defeated a year later at Falkirk. In 1306 Robert the Bruce was crowned and defeated at Methven. He rose again in 1307 and Edward I died on the road to meet him.

this sceptered isle 42 The Welsh wars.mp3

English mercenaries do battle in Wales. The Welsh Wars and the Most-Feared Weapon : Edward I was devoted to protecting his interests in France - but he also wanted a united Britain. This led him to do battle in Wales and Scotland. In Wales there was little unity. Their strongest prince was Llewellyn Prince of North Wales - but there were many factions. This meant that to conquer Wales would mean a long campaign rather than one decisive battle. The Marcher lords, the Mortimers, the Bohuns and the Clares, were meant to keep the frontiers safe for the King. But in fact they were untrustworthy and disloyal. Edward I was determined. His army consisted for the first time of paid troops who had superior armour and weaponry. In 1282 Llewellyn was killed in a skirmish at Builth and six months later his brother Daffyd was captured by the English and executed. In 1284 the Statute of Rhuddlan declared Edward I the conqueror of Wales.

this sceptered isle 41chancery,treasury,wedding browl.mp3

The King threatens to execute barons who refuse to fight for him. Edward I took the work of administration and good government very seriously. By the end of 13th Century, three departments of administration were at work - the Exchequer, the Chancery and the Wardrobe. The Church, with John Pecham as Archbishop of Canterbury, reinforced its independence. The King could no longer shower bishoprics on his loyal subjects. Edward I still found time for battle. He was determined to regain Gascony and expected the barons not only to fund his campaign but also fight in it. They resented this and refused to go. The King was enraged and threatened to take the barons lands and even execute them should they refuse. The barons did raise an army. Edward sailed for Flanders. The barons marched into London and demanded that the King should accept the principles of the Magna Carta. The King had little choice. Two principles were established. First, the King had no right to despatch the feudal host wherever he might choose, this would lead in the following century to the rise of indentured armies serving for pay. Second, the King could not plead urgent necessity as a reason for imposing taxation without consent.

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