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Osprey - General Military - Christopher Gravett - The ....jpg

Wikingowie - Osprey - General Military - Christopher Gravett - The Normans, Warrior Knights and Their Castles 20061.jpg

The Norman Knight was the most feared warrior during the ...

The Norman Knight was the most feared warrior during the 11th and 12th centuries in Western Europe. Tales of their conquests spread throughout the known world as their military prowess resulted in the capture Sicily in 1060 and England in 1066. The Normans adopted Carolingian feudalism, cavalry warfare and castles, and they built archetypal feudal states on both sides of the English Channel. Their strongholds included the Tower of London and other fortifications along the coast and borders of England, and many of these structures survive today testimony to the military might of the Norman conqueror. This beautifully illustrated book explores the world of the Normans and the life of a typical Norman knight, and authors Chris Gravett and David Nicolle discuss the spectacular castles that they erected to protect their lands.

Osprey - Warrior 03 - Mark Harrison - Viking Hersir 79....jpg

Wikingowie - Osprey - Warrior 03 - Mark Harrison - Viking Hersir 793-1066 AD 1993.jpg

When Norwegian Vikings first raided the European coast i ...

When Norwegian Vikings first raided the European coast in the 8th century AD, their leaders were from the middle ranks of warriors known as hersirs. At this time the hersir was typically an independent landowner or local chieftain with equipment superior to that of his followers. By the end of the 10th century, the independence of the hersir was gone, and he was now a regional servant of the Norwegian king. This book investigates these brutal, mobile warriors, and examines their tactics and psychology in war, dispelling the idea of the Viking raider as simply a killing machine.

Osprey - Fortress 13 - Christopher Gravett - Norman St....jpg

Wikingowie - Osprey - Fortress 13 - Christopher Gravett - Norman Stone Castles 1, The British Isles 1066 - 1216 2003.jpg

It has been argued that the English castle began with th ...

It has been argued that the English castle began with the Anglo-Saxons (who by 1066 should perhaps be more properly termed the Anglo-Danes), pointing out that they sometimes occupied defensive structures. However, an opposing viewpoint holds that the English castle began with the Normans. Since a castle is a home as well as a stronghold, the communal burhs seen in England before the Norman Conquest, and designed to protect a number of people, do not qualify. Only a thegn's private dwelling, with ditch and palisades, suggests possible continuities with the castles of the Normans. Contemporaries of the Normans, such as Orderic Vitalis, certainly thought of castles as a novelty and the lack of them in pre-conquest England as a contributing factor to defeat; yet it may be only their use as centres of seigneurial administration by the Normans that truly sets them apart from the defended houses of the English thegns. The use of a tower to display the lord to his subjects, evident in some early Norman stone gateways, certainly seems to echo the Anglo-Saxon burhgeat with an opening in its upper storey.

Osprey - Fortress 13 - Christopher Gravett - Norman St....pdf

Osprey - Essential Histories 12 - Matthew Bennett - C....jpg

Wikingowie - Osprey - Essential Histories 12 - Matthew Bennett - Campaigns of the Norman Conquest 2001.jpg

An introduction to the Norman Conquest, an event which w ...

An introduction to the Norman Conquest, an event which would link the English kingdom with Europe, especially France, for 500 years. It completely changed the nation's aristocracy, church and administration, bringing in a new language and cultural influences. This was reflected in art and architecture too, especially military architecture and the castle. The Conquest has since been of enduring political significance: in the 17th century radicals spoke of the "Norman Yoke" on traditional English liberties, while 19th-century scholars debated whether it was "good" or "bad" for the nation's development. Today, the Conquest is still a hotly-debated issue, popularly regarded as the last time England was successfully invaded. About the Author Matthew Bennett is a Senior Lecturer at the Royal Military Academy at Sandhurst and a specialist in medieval military history.

Osprey - Fortress 18 - Christopher Gravett - Norman S....jpg

Wikingowie - Osprey - Fortress 18 - Christopher Gravett - Norman Stone Castles 2, Europe 950-1204 2004.jpg

Following their settlement in the north of France, the N ...

Following their settlement in the north of France, the Normans sought to consolidate their territorial gains in what was to become known as Normandy. They did this by building a series of castles and fortifications. Duke William's desire to hold down his lords, and his efforts to crush opposition to his minority also led to a number of famous sieges at castles such as Brionne, Arques and Alencon. This book discusses the Norman castles in Normandy, as well as in the Mediterranean, where at Melfi and Ademo in Italy and Sicily, Sahyun and Bagras in the Principality of Antioch they also left their mark.

Osprey - Fortress 18 - Christopher Gravett - Norman S....pdf

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VIKING_MENS_JACKET_AND-HAT.pdf

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