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Weis Margaret, Hickman Tracy - Kroniki Smoczej Lancy 0....doc

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Whalen Turner Megan - Złodziej Królowej 01 - Złodziej.rar

Kagan R. - Potęga i Raj Ameryka i Europa w nowym porzą....pdf

Milczące forty.pdf

Edgar Cayce - Church - Lives of Edgar Cayce.pdf

Wikingowie-Waregowie-Normanowie

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92,0 MB
9 lut 23 23:09

Normanowie 3 - Normanowie z południa (2010) 05.avi

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Normanowie 3 - Normanowie z południa (2010) 06.avi

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World History - Don Nardo - The Vikings (2011).pdf

For the people of Europe in the early medieval era, the story of the Vikings was one of unexpected and naked violence, of the triumph of the strong and ruthless, and of
the suffering of the weak and innocent. The prelude to this epic tale of woe was rooted in late ancient times. In the final century of the Roman Empire, spanning the 400s A.D., tribal peoples from across northern Europe began migrating. Searching for new lands, economic opportunities, and often simply booty, they steadily invaded, overran, and absorbed the empire’s outlying provinces. As a result, in the year 476 that realm officially ceased to exist.

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9 lut 23 23:09

Na linii ognia - Wikingowie, Najeźdźcy z Północy ( 2002) 01.avi

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9 lut 23 23:09

Na linii ognia - Wikingowie, Najeźdźcy z Północy ( 2002) 02.avi

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9 lut 23 23:09

Na linii ognia - Wikingowie, Najeźdźcy z Północy ( 2002) 03.avi

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9 lut 23 23:09

Na linii ognia - Wikingowie, Najeźdźcy z Północy ( 2002) 04.avi

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9 lut 23 23:09

Na linii ognia - Wikingowie, Najeźdźcy z Północy ( 2002) 05.avi

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9 lut 23 23:09

Richard Perkins - Thor the Wind-raiser and the Eyr arland Image (2001).pdf

Sometime around 1816, during excavations at Eyjafjörður, in northern Iceland, a small bronze image of a seated male figure was discovered. The object was cast by the "lost wax" process, sometime in the 10th century or earlier, and perhaps had once been gilded. It is 3-dimensional, 6.7 cm. tall. The seated figure appears to be naked except for a conical hat or helmet. His mouth is open, and he grips with both hands two vertical columns that descend from the vicinity of his chin and terminate between his knees in a clover-leaf design.

For reasons that are not entirely clear, the so-called Eyrarland image (EI) was already identified as a likeness of Þórr in 1820, when the first illustrations of the figure were published in the Swedish journal, Iduna. That identification has persisted to the present day, and many descriptions of EI confidently identify the object that is being grasped with both hands as Þórr's hammer, Mjöllner. The only problem is, it doesn't resemble other representations of Mjöllner, nor does it match the description of the hammer the dwarfs fashioned for Þórr. Partly for this reason, other theories have been advanced from time to time to explain the object in the figure's grasp. Among the more interesting was one proposed by Lotte Motz in a 1992 article in The Mankind Quarterly, that EI represents a musician "playing an instrument which shows a close resemblance to a double flute."

In Thor the Wind-Raiser, Richard Perkins presents what is probably the definitive explanation of the Eyrarland image, one that accepts the figure's traditional identification as a likeness of Þórr, yet is not far from Motz's vision of a wind-instrument player. Perkins begins by reviewing the importance of wind-power in early societies, and the widespread invocation of particular deities to assure favorable winds. This would have had especial relevance for Viking Age Scandinavians, who were distinguished for their seafaring exploits. Favorable winds bestowed advantage in trading and warfare; a contrary wind or becalmed seas could mean loss of fortune or even one's life. Yet the wind was a fickle and mysterious force. As Hávamál counsels,

much veers the wind ere the fifth day
and blows round yet more in a month.

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9 lut 23 23:09

James H. Barrett - Contact, Continuity, and Collap se (2003).pdf

This collection of ten papers investigates the Norse colonization of the North Atlantic region, starting with Viking expansion in Arctic Norway and ending with a discussion of the longterm implications of medieval Scandinavian exploration of the New World. Each chapter provides a short regional synthesis of the archaeological evidence and, where appropriate, addresses three interrelated themes: the relationship between native and newcomer; the creation of local identities in the settlement period; the relationship between archaeology, history and the construction of modern national identities. In sequence, the chapters focus on North Norway, the Faeroes, Scotland, Ireland, Iceland, Greenland, the Inuits of Smith Sound, L'Anse aux Meadows and Vinland, together with introductory and concluding chapters.

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9 lut 23 23:09

Viking art class.pdf

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9 lut 23 23:09

Rory McTurk - A Companion to Old Norse-Icelandic L iterature and Culture (2005).pdf

This major survey of Old Norse-Icelandic literature and culture comprises 29 chapters written by leading scholars in the field, over a third of whom are Icelanders. At the same time, it conveys a sense of the mainland Scandinavian origins of the Icelandic people, and reflects the ongoing contact between Iceland and other countries and cultures.

The volume highlights current debates among Old Norse-Icelandic scholars specializing in different aspects of the subject. Coverage of traditional topics is complemented by material on previously neglected areas of study, such as the sagas of Icelandic bishops and the translated knights’ sagas. Chapters on ‘archaeology’, ‘social institutions’ and ‘geography and travel’ make it possible to view the literature in its wider cultural context while chapters on ‘reception’ and ‘continuity’ demonstrate the ways in which medieval Norse-Icelandic literature and culture overflow into the modern period.

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9 lut 23 23:09

Greta Arwidsson, Gosta Berg - A Viking Age Tool Ch est from Gotland (1999).pdf

The chest was found in Mastrmyr on the the island of Gotland, Sweden in 1936. More than 200 objects were found in and around it. Most are tools that were used by blacksmiths and carpenters, many of them amazingly modern in appearance.

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9 lut 23 23:09

Katherine Holman - Historical Dictionary of the Vi kings (2003).pdf

The remarkable achievements of the Vikings become clear in this A to Z guide. The entries reflect the great distances that the Vikings travelled, the people and cultures they encountered both to the east and the west, the conflict between Christianity and paganism, the archaeological sites they left behind, their runes, inscriptions and artefacts, and the sagas and legends that are still read today. The cross-referenced entries are informative and scholarly, although brief, and followed by an extensive bibliography. and a list of museums with Viking collections. 383p

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9 lut 23 23:09

John Haywood - Historical Atlas of the Vikings (19 95).pdf

Viking marauders in their longships burst through the defenses of 9th-century Europe, striking terror into the hearts of monks, peasants, and rulers. But the Vikings were more than seaborne terrorists. This atlas shows their development as traders and craftsmen, explorers, settlers, and mercenaries, and follows the routes of Viking merchants from Constantinople to the new world. Full color.

About the Author
John Haywood is the author of a number of books, including The Penguin Historical Atlas of the Vikings and The Historial Atlas of the Celtic World (Thames & Hudson). He lives in Lancaster.

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9 lut 23 23:09

Alfta Reginleif - Religious Practices of the Pre-C hristian and Viking Age (2002).pdf

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F.Donald Logan - The Vikings in History (2003).pdf

In the second edition of this lovely and comprehensive book, F. Donald Logan examines the role of the Vikings in European history. Drawing upon archaeological, literary, and historical evidence, Donald Logan describes the Viking expeditions overseas, and their transformation from terrifying raiders to assimilated settlers whose rich culture played an influential role in European civilization.

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9 lut 23 23:09

Eric Christiansen - The Norsemen in Viking Age (20 06).pdf

Histories of the Vikings have recently tended to emphasize political or social transitions. Eric Christiansen separates the Nordic peoples from the organizing principles which others have used and attempts to describe life in their homelands and colonies in terms of more, or less, ingenious responses to hostile environments at home and overseas.

Guiding readers past some traditional and current controversies surrounding the Norsemen in the period 750-1050, the author discusses twelve key topics. After a survey of the ecology, social conventions and self-awareness of individuals and groups, he moves on to cover the major areas of Norse activity; politics, war, work and migration. The final chapters reconstruct viking-age ideas about the past, present and future in order to offer insight into contemporary behaviour.

Runic, poetic and archaeological evidence is used to illustrate the author's arguments, whilst an appendix sketches the outline of modern research and the directions it is taking.

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9 lut 23 23:09

Aidan Meehan - Celting Design, The Dragon And The Griffin, The Viking Impact (1995).pdf

The designs and patterns of the Celts, expressed in their metalwork, stonework and jewelry, and continued in the manuscript illumination of Celtic Christianity, are an art form whose legacy has fascinated both Celtic and non-Celtic peoples for centuries. This book adds to the series of practical, step-by-step guides on Celtic design for designers and craftspeople. It studies the intricate dragon and griffin patterns that form the basis of the distinctive style of art that arose after the Viking's invasion of Ireland around 850 AD.

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9 lut 23 23:09

A.G. Smith - Viking Designs (1999).pdf

Over 175 dynamic, copyright-free motifs—in a wide range of styles—.taken from the metalwork, woodwork, textiles, carving, and ceramics of the Viking homelands. Sinuously intertwined patterns, mythological animals, dragon-slaying heroes on horseback and many more. Now available in this inexpensive volume, these authentic images will provide endless inspiration and striking embellishments to graphic projects for artists, illustrators and craftspeople.

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Peter Beatson - Viking Shield From Archaeology (20 08).pdf

Introduction

The large circular shield of the Vikings was part of a conservative tradition of manufacture. The best known intact examples from the Viking Age are those that lined the gunwales of the buried warship from Gokstad, Norway (Fig. 1) dated to c.905 AD (Bonde and Christensen 1993). They are similar to shields from Thorsberg bog (Raddatz 1987) and other Danish weapon deposits of the Roman Iron Age. Though archaeological evidence dries up with the adoption of Christian burial rites, art sources (such as the Lewis chessmen) indicate that kite shields were accepted in the Norse lands in the twelfth century, along with a small round buckler (Karlsson 1993). Scandinavian settlers seem to have adopted different (native Insular?) designs in the Irish Sea region, judging by material from burials there. These variants may be discussed in a separate paper.

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9 lut 23 23:09

La Vie privée des Hommes - Louis-Rene Nougier, Pie rre Joubert - Au temps des Vikings 793-1066 (1982).pdf

Sous la direction de Pierre Miquel, l'histoire s'humanise. Les enfants se passionnent pour la vie quotidienne des hommes grâce à des textes et des illustrations riches en détails. Chaque ouvrage propose en outre un certain nombre d'outils pédagoiques: cartes, biographies, repères chronologiques et vignettes à découper.
Comment expliquer la formidable expansion des Vikings? Quelles étaient leurs règles sociales et leurs croyances? Bien loin du peuple barbare que l'on imagine souvent, les Vikings avaient développé une civilisation originale et dynamique aux coutumes étonnantes et aux productions artisanales d'une grande richesse. Grâce à des dessins de reconstitutions historiques et un texte d'un grand sérieux scientifique, les enfants entrent dans l'intimité de ces mystérieux hommes du froid et de la mer.

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9 lut 23 23:09

Jan Petersen - De Norske Vikingesverd (1919).pdf

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Anne Stine Ingsta - Discovery of a Norse Settlemen t in America (1977).pdf

In this volume the results of the excavations of a settlement discovered by Helge Ingstad in 1960 on the northern point of Newfoundland are presented together with an archaeological assessment of the finds, which comprise house-sites and other archaeological material. The site is located at Epaves Bay, near the little fishing settlement of L'Anse aux Meadows. During the period 1961-1968, Helge Ingstad organized seven archaeologi-cal expeditions, in the course of which these house-sites were excavated. The scholars participating in these expeditions formed international teams, and their names are listed in Helge Ingstad's foreword to this book; I would use this opportunity to thank each and every one of them not only for excellent work done, but also for the atmosphere of friendship which obtained during our life and work at these expeditions. Some of them have contributed to this volume, and valuable scientif,rc contributions from other scholars are also included.

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9 lut 23 23:09

Crowood - Europa Militaria Special 6 - Carl Schulz e - The Vikings Recreated In Color Photographs (19 99).pdf

A remarkable photographic recreation of the appearance of the Norse explorers, invaders and colonists of 8th-11th century Europe. The combination of specialist photography and 'living history' societies allows us to study and record the appearance and lifestyle of the Vikings: the Norse costume, weapons, armor, tools and homes.

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William R. Short - Icelanders in the Viking Age, T he People of the Sagas (2010).pdf

The Sagas of Icelanders are enduring stories from Viking-Age Iceland filled with love and romance, battles and feuds, tragedy and comedy. Yet these tales are little read today, even by lovers of literature. The culture and history of the people depicted in the Sagas are often unfamiliar to the modern reader, though the audience for whom the tales were intended would have had an intimate understanding of the material. This text introduces the modern reader to the daily lives and material culture of the Vikings. Topics covered include Icelandic religion, social customs, the settlement of disputes, and major milestones in life of Viking-Age Icelanders. Issues of dispute among scholars, such as the nature of settlement and the division of land, are addressed in the text.

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Jacob Abbott - History of William the Conqueror (1 902).jpg

A book from Makers of History series by Jacob Abbott, an American writer of juvenile fiction, brief histories, biographies and works in popular science.
From the author: In selecting the subjects for the successive volumes of this series, it has been the object of the author to look for the names of those great personages whose histories constitute useful, and not merely entertaining, knowledge. There are certain names which are familiar, as names, to all mankind; such personages as Hannibal, Alexander, Cæsar, Cleopatra, Darius, Xerxes, Alfred, William the Conqueror, Queen Elizabeth, and Mary Queen of Scots, it is the design and object of these volumes to communicate, in a faithful, and, at the same time, if possible, in an attractive manner.

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Jacob Abbott - History of William the Conqueror (1 902).pdf

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Kristyna Arcarti - Runes, A Beginner's Guide (1999 ).jpg

This book shows how the ancient runic alphabet of the Celts and Vikings, when inscribed in bone, wood, or stone, can be used to enlighten all areas of one's life.

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