If there is an explanation for the political killing perpetrated in eastern Europe in the 1930s and 1940s, historian Snyder roots it in agriculture. Stalin wanted to collectivize farmers; Hitler wanted to eliminate them so Germans could colonize the land. The dictators wielded frightening power to advance such fantasies toward reality, and the despots toted up about 14 million corpses between them, so stupefying a figure that Snyder sets himself three goals here: to break down the number into the various actions of murder that comprise it, from liquidation of the kulaks to the final solution; to restore humanity to the victims via surviving testimony to their fates; and to deny Hitler and Stalin any historical justification for their policies, which at the time had legions of supporters and have some even today. Such scope may render Snyder’s project too imposing to casual readers, but it would engage those exposed to the period’s chronology and major interpretive issues, such as the extent to which the Nazi and Soviet systems may be compared. Solid and judicious scholarship for large WWII collections.

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Richard McGregor - The Party; The Secret World of China's Communist Rulers (2010).jpg

An eye-opening investigation into china's communist party and its integral role in the country's rise as a global superpower and rival of the united states China's political and economic growth in the past three decades is one of astonishing, epochal dimensions. The country has undergone a remarkable transformation on a scale similar to that of the Industrial Revolution in the West. The most remarkable part of this transformation, however, has been left largely untold—the central role of the Chinese Communist Party. As an organization alone, the Party is a phenomenon of unique scale and power. Its membership surpasses seventy-three million, and it does more than just rule a country. The Party not only has a grip on every aspect of government, from the largest, richest cities to the smallest far-flung villages in Tibet and Xinjiang, it also has a hold on all official religions, the media, and the military. The Party presides over large, wealthy state-owned businesses, and it exercises control over the selection of senior executives of all government companies, many of which are in the top tier of the Fortune 500 list. In The Party, Richard McGregor delves deeply into China's inner sanctum for the first time, showing how the Communist Party controls the government, courts, media, and military, and how it keeps all corruption accusations against its members in-house. The Party's decisions have a global impact, yet the CPC remains a deeply secretive body, hostile to the law, unaccountable to anyone or anything other than its own internal tribunals. It is the world's only geopolitical rival of the United States, and is steadfastly poised to think the worst of the West. In this provocative and illuminating account, Richard McGregor offers a captivating portrait of China's Communist Party, its grip on power and control over China, and its future.

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Philip P. Pan - Out of Mao's Shadow; The Struggle for the Soul of a New China (2008).jpg

More than fifteen years after the fall of the Soviet Union, China is engaged in the largest experiment in authoritarianism in the world. By launching market reforms while continuing to restrict political freedom, the Chinese Communist Party has challenged the Western assumption that economic growth must lead to political liberalization - an assumption at the core of UK and American foreign policy. At the same time, the struggle for democratic change is reaching a crescendo, marking a moment in the history of modern China as uncertain and consequential as the rise of Mao's cult of personality, or the run-up to the Tiananmen Square massacre. From the booming cities of Beijing and Shanghai to the rural communities of the vast countryside, this ground-breaking book introduces us to some of the courageous people who are dedicated to building a more democratic China despite the dangers they face in doing so.This is a book of individual testimonies that seeks to answer one of the most pressing questions of our age: will China become a democracy, a dictatorship, or something in between - and how will this outcome for China affect not only the lives of its population, but the rest of the world? Written by one of the leading China correspondents of his generation, "Out of Mao's Shadow" takes us inside the battle for China's soul and into the lives of individuals struggling to come to terms with the nation's past, and to take control of its future
An intimate, groundbreaking account of a society in turmoil, Out of Mao's Shadow is the most important book about the Chinese people and their fight for greater freedom.
The New York Times - Michiko Kakutani
It is Mr. Pan's achievement in Out of Mao's Shadow that he makes the dark side of China's glittering economic growth palpably real to the reader by showing the fallout of these changes on the lives of individual citizens, just as he shows the potent effect that a few brave individuals—speaking up on behalf of civil liberties, freedom of the press and government accountability—can have on the party's conduct of day-to-day business. Fluent in Chinese, Mr. Pan crisscrossed the country, from Beijing to booming cities and dismal mines in the south to aging factories in the northeast. He interviewed artists, workers, peasants, journalists and entrepreneurs, and his portraits of these people possess both the immediacy of first-rate reportage and the emotional depth of field of a novel.

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Leszek Balcerowicz - Post-Communist Transition; So me Lessons (2002).jpg

The post-communist transition in Europe and the former Soviet Union is one of the most important transformations in modern history. The changes involved were exceptionally large, and it was not only political and economic systems that were affected: there were changes in social structures, new territorial boundaries in some cases had to be constructed. Moreover, market-oriented reforms were introduced under democratic regimes. The author discusses the varying outcomes of transitions in different countries, showing that it was policies more than initial conditions that produced the differences. He argues that the larger the scope of market-oriented reforms, the better the performance in terms of growth, low inflation and environmental improvement. The presence of competent and determined reformers has also been a crucial factor in successful transformations.

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Leszek Balcerowicz - Post-Communist Transition; So me Lessons (2002).pdf

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Suk-Young Kim - Illusive Utopia; Theater, Film, an d Everyday Performance in North Korea (2010).jpg

"North Korea is not just a security or human rights problem (although it is those things) but a real society. This book gets us closer to understanding North Korea beyond the usual headlines, and does so in a richly detailed, well-researched, and theoretically contextualized way."
---Charles K. Armstrong, Director, Center for Korean Research, Columbia University
"One of this book's strengths is how it deals at the same time with historical, geographical, political, artistic, and cultural materials. Film and theatre are not the only arts Kim studies---she also offers an excellent analysis of paintings, fashion, and what she calls 'everyday performance.' Her analysis is brilliant, her insights amazing, and her discoveries and conclusions always illuminating."
---Patrice Pavis, University of Kent, Canterbury
No nation stages massive parades and collective performances on the scale of North Korea. Even amid a series of intense political/economic crises and international conflicts, the financially troubled country continues to invest massive amounts of resources to sponsor unflinching displays of patriotism, glorifying its leaders and revolutionary history through state rituals that can involve hundreds of thousands of performers. Author Suk-Young Kim explores how sixty years of state-sponsored propaganda performances---including public spectacles, theater, film, and other visual media such as posters---shape everyday practice such as education, the mobilization of labor, the gendering of social interactions, the organization of national space, tourism, and transnational human rights. Equal parts fascinating and disturbing, Illusive Utopia shows how the country's visual culture and performing arts set the course for the illusionary formation of a distinctive national identity and state legitimacy, illuminating deep-rooted cultural explanations as to why socialism has survived in North Korea despite the fall of the Berlin Wall, the collapse of the Soviet Union, and China's continuing march toward economic prosperity. With over fifty striking color illustrations, Illusive Utopia captures the spectacular illusion within a country where the arts are not only a means of entertainment but also a forceful institution used to regulate, educate, and mobilize the population.
Suk-Young Kim is Associate Professor in the Department of Theater and Dance at the University of California, Santa Barbara, and coauthor with Kim Yong of Long Road Home: A Testimony of a North Korean Camp Survivor.

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Suk-Young Kim - Illusive Utopia; Theater, Film, an d Everyday Performance in North Korea (2010).pdf

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Joel S. Wit - Going Critical; The First North Kore an Nuclear Crisis (2004).jpg

A decade before being proclaimed part of the "axis of evil," North Korea raised alarms in Washington, Seoul, and Tokyo as the pace of its clandestine nuclear weapons program mounted. When confronted by evidence of its deception in 1993, Pyongyang abruptly announced its intention to become the first nation ever to withdraw from the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, defying its earlier commitments to submit its nuclear activities to full international inspections.
U.S. intelligence had revealed evidence of a robust plutonium production program. Unconstrained, North Korea’s nuclear factory would soon be capable of building about thirty Nagasaki-sized nuclear weapons annually. The resulting arsenal would directly threaten the security of the United States and its allies, while tempting cash-starved North Korea to export its deadly wares to America’s most bitter adversaries.
In Going Critical, three former U.S. officials who played key roles in the nuclear crisis trace the intense efforts that led North Korea to freeze—and pledge ultimately to dismantle—its dangerous plutonium production program under international inspection, while the storm clouds of a second Korean War gathered. Drawing on international government documents, memoranda, cables, and notes, the authors chronicle the complex web of diplomacy--from Seoul, Tokyo, and Beijing to Geneva, Moscow, and Vienna and back again—that led to the negotiation of the 1994 Agreed Framework intended to resolve this nuclear standoff. They also explore the challenge of weaving together the military, economic, and diplomatic instruments employed to persuade North Korea to accept significant constraints on its nuclear activities, while deterring rather than provoking a violent North Korean response.
Some ten years after these intense negotiations, the Agreed Framework lies abandoned. North Korea claims to possess some nuclear weapons, while threatening to produce even more. The story of the 1994 confrontation provides important lessons for the United States as it grapples once again with a nuclear crisis on a peninsula that half a century ago claimed more than 50,000 American lives and today bristles with arms along the last frontier of the cold war: the De-Militarized Zone separating North and South Korea.

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Joel S. Wit - Going Critical; The First North Kore an Nuclear Crisis (2004).pdf

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Ernesto Laclau - Hegemony and Socialist Strategy; Towards a Radical Democratic Politics (2001).jpg

How is the present crisis of left-wing thought to be understood? To what extent does it call into the question the idea of social totality that underpinned Marxism and many other socialist theories? Does the concept of hegemony imply a new logic that goes beyond the essentialism of classical Marxist thought? These are some of the questions that this now seminal book attempts to answer. It traces the genealogy of the present crisis, from the nineteenth-century debates to the contemporary emergence of new forms of struggle, making it a classic text both for understanding hegemony and for focusing on present social struggles and their significance for democratic theory.

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Ernesto Laclau - Hegemony and Socialist Strategy; Towards a Radical Democratic Politics (2001).pdf

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Tom Bottomore, Laurence Harris - A Dictionary of M arxist Thought, 2nd edition (1998).jpg

This book, part dictionary and part encyclopedia, has become the standard reference work on the concepts of Marxism and the individuals and schools of thought that have subsequently contributed to the body of Marxist ideas. The Dictionary has been fully revised and updated, with over fifty new entries on major texts, on topics that have become relevant since the first edition appeared, and in areas where the state of knowledge and understanding has moved significantly. All entries have been revised where needed, all reading lists updated, and the bibliography has been completely revised and expanded.

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Tom Bottomore, Laurence Harris - A Dictionary of M arxist Thought, 2nd edition (1998).pdf

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Patrick Major - Behind the Berlin Wall; East Germa ny and the Frontiers of Power (2010).jpg

Few historical changes occur literally overnight, but on August 13 1961 eighteen million East Germans awoke to find themselves walled in by an edifice which was to become synonymous with the Cold War: the Berlin Wall. This new history rejects traditional, top-down approaches to Cold War politics, exploring instead how the border closure affected ordinary East Germans, from workers and farmers to teenagers and even party members, "caught out" by Sunday the Thirteenth. Party, police and Stasi reports reveal why one in six East Germans fled the country during the 1950s, undermining communist rule and forcing the eleventh-hour decision by Khrushchev and Ulbricht to build a wall along the Cold War's frontline.

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Jehanne Gheith - Gulag Voices; Oral Histories of S oviet Incarceration and Exile (2011).jpg

The first collection of oral histories of Gulag survivors to appear in English, Gulag Voicesis a groundbreaking and long-overdue addition to the history of the Stalin era. The interviews assembled here represent a wide range of Gulag experiences, including prisons, labor camps and colonies, and deportation settlements. They include among them a so-called kulak who was deported in 1930, as well as an interviewee who obtained his release from a political camp only in 1986. Taken together, these accounts form a powerful picture of incarceration, forced labor, and exile in the USSR, and demonstrate the profound disruptions suffered by everyday citizens. They also reveal the long-term effects of the Gulag, demonstrating how these experiences extended beyond the fall of the Soviet Empire and into the next generation.

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Jehanne Gheith - Gulag Voices; Oral Histories of S oviet Incarceration and Exile (2011).pdf

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Jim Smith, Nicholas A. Beresford - Chernobyl; Cata strophe and Consequences (2005).jpg

As the debate about the environmental cost of nuclear power and the issue of nuclear safety continues, a comprehensive assessment of the Chernobyl accident, its long-term environmental consequences and solutions to the problems found, is timely. Although many books have been published which discuss the accident itself and the immediate emergency response in great detail, none have dealt primarily with the environmental issues involved. The authors pre a detailed review of the long-term environmental consequences, in a wide range of ecosystems, many of which are only now becoming apparent. They also highlight responses and counter-measures to combat the environmental consequences and discuss health, social, psychological and economic impacts on the human population as well as the long-term effects on biota.

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Jim Smith, Nicholas A. Beresford - Chernobyl; Cata strophe and Consequences (2005).pdf

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A. James McAdams - East Germany and Detente; Build ing Authority after the Wall (1985).jpg

The emergence of East Germany as one of Europe's most vocal advocates of East-West détente in the 1980s represented a remarkable political transformation. Prior to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, East Germany had been amongst the most intransigent proponents of the Cold War, largely because of the perceived threat to the domestic authority of its own leadership. Renewed exposure, however, prompted that leadership to regard good relations with the West as integral rather than inimical to its own pursuit of legitimacy.

Of interest not only to scholars of communist politics but to all students of East-West affairs, Professor McAdams’ study demonstrates both the changing historical significance of the idea of detente, and the way in which non-superpower states can take initially adverse circumstances and turn them into instances of opportunity.

Contents
Preface;
1. Introduction;
2. Die mauer: 1961;
3. Building authority: 1962–1966;
4. Cracks in the myth of stability: 1967–1971;
5. Redefining East German priorities: 1972–1978;
6. Looking outward: 1979–1984;
7. Conclusion;
Notes;
Bibliography;
Index.

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A. James McAdams - East Germany and Detente; Build ing Authority after the Wall (1985).djvu

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Shmuel Galai - The Liberation Movement in Russia 1 900-1905 (1973).jpg

Historians of the Russian Revolution naturally tend to concentrate their attention upon the Bolshevik 'victors' and on the Mensheyiks - ideologically the closest of their rivals, - and to neglect other political movements. For the Russian Liberals at least, Dr Galai redresses this imbalance. This book traces the nineteenth-century origins of the Liberation Movement (also known as the Liberal Movement), the social and historical conditions which led to its formation in the first years of the twentieth century, its policies, influence, initial success and ultimate failure. Against the background of the political and social crisis culminating in the 1905 Revolution, Dr Galai traces the stages by which the Liberation Movement became supreme among the forces of opposition but ultimately was defeated and disintegrated. It failed to fulfil its aim of replacing Tsarist autocracy by a constitutional-democratic regime and to demonstrate effectively that there was an alternative to the extremes of Tsarism and Bolshevism.

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Shmuel Galai - The Liberation Movement in Russia 1 900-1905 (1973).djvu

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Anthony Heywood - Modernising Lenin's Russia; Econ omic Reconstruction, Foreign Trade and the Railway s (1999).jpg

Communism - Books - Anthony Heywood - Modernising Lenins Russia Econom...construction, Foreign Trade and the Railways 1999.jpg

In this book Anthony Heywood reassesses Bolshevik attitudes toward economic modernization and foreign economic relations during the early Soviet period. Based on hitherto unused Russian and Western archives, the book examines an extraordinary decision made in March 1920 to import vast quantities of railway equipment in order to achieve rapid economic modernization. This is the first detailed case study of the government's import policy, and provides readers with a new perspective on Soviet economic development, revealing the scale of Bolshevik business dealings with the capitalist West immediately after the Revolution.

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Anthony Heywood - Modernising Lenin's Russia; Econ omic Reconstruction, Foreign Trade and the Railway s (1999).pdf

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Stephen White - The Origins of Detente; The Genoa Conference and Soviet-Western Relations, 1921-1922 (1922).jpg

Communism - Books - Stephen White - The Origins of Detente The Genoa C...ence and Soviet-Western Relations, 1921-1922 1922.jpg

The Genoa Conference of April-May 1922 saw the first serious and sustained attempt to negotiate a modus vivendi between the newly established Soviet government in Moscow and the western capitalist countries that surrounded it. Drawing upon a wide range of archival and other sources, many of them unfamiliar or previously unexplored for this purpose, this study traces the evolution of Soviet-Western relations from the Revolution up to the autumn of 1921, when the proposal for a conference first began to emerge, and then considers in more detail the course of preconference diplomacy and the proceedings of the conference itself, up to the early summer of 1922. In his final chapter Dr White argues that the failure to resolve East-West differences at Genoa was attributable to a variety of circumstances, but above all to a failure of political will.

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Stephen White - The Origins of Detente; The Genoa Conference and Soviet-Western Relations, 1921-1922 (1922).pdf

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Christopher Duffy - Red Storm on the Reich; The So viet March on Germany, 1945 (2002).jpg

Standard military historical fare from Duffy, who here details the final Soviet drive against the Nazis on the road from Poland to Berlin. With overwhelming superiority in armament and troop strength, the Soviet battle plan initially involved two coordinated assaults across the Vistula River in mid-January 1945. The assaults met with less resistance than anticipated-in fact, the German front collapsed, enabling the Soviet armies to begin a race to the Oder and German soil that made it seem as though the war would be quickly won. However, eventually bogged down by increasingly desperate fighting and the possibility of attack from the flanks and rear, Soviet operations turned to consolidating positions and eliminating pockets of resistance while maintaining steady progress westward. Duffy considers each siege and state of the assault separately, providing a full analysis of strategy and paying particular attention to the divisive role Nazi functionaries played in the Wehrmacht's efforts to fight back and regroup. Although battles are described with dramatic highlights, the march becomes fragmented into a series of isolated conflicts in which descriptions of maneuvers during the siege of Kinigsberg or Breslau, or on the Oder, often appear formulaic or repetitive. A lengthy appendix closely analyzes Soviet and German styles of warfare, with the former's mechanized ability and tactical advantage on the offensive proving decisive. Well researched and meticulously presented, but only occasionally engaging: a history of interest primarily to military specialists.

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Christopher Duffy - Red Storm on the Reich; The So viet March on Germany, 1945 (2002).pdf

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John Corsellis - Slovenia, 1945, Memories of Death and Survival after World War II (2005).jpg

In 1945 Slovenia, 6,000 civilians and 12,000 members of the anti-Communist Home Guard, the "domobranci", fearing punishment for their wartime resistance to their Partisan enemies, fled to southern Austria. But there, the British 8th Army loaded them into trucks, purportedly to take them to Italy, only to deliver them straight back to Tito's Partisans. The Partisans tortured and then executed them. The remaining civilians were spared due to the brave revolt of the British Red Cross and Quaker aid workers. John Corsellis witnessed and took part in these protests and in this book reconstructs the survivors' stories. These are vivid tales of wartime cruelty, of the revival of battered communities in refugee camps, and of emigration to Argentina, the U.S., Canada and Britain. In this unique volume, the authors call on more than half a century of research and an unsurpassed knowledge of the Slovene migrant communities around the world to tell their stories.

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