Peter Connolly es un artista y erudito británico. Ha escrito e ilustrado libros sobre la antigüedad de Grecia y Roma especialmente dedicados a la tecnología y cultura militar ,desde los años 70 nos ha venido recreando con representaciones de lo que debía ser el Mundo Antiguo, tanto desde un punto de vista militar como civil y destacando como pocos por su minuciosidad, perfeccionismo y veracidad.

entre su obra destacan :

* Las legiones romanas, Espasa-Calpe, Madrid, 1986
* Anibal y los enemigos de Roma, Espasa-Calpe, Madrid, 1986;
* La leyenda de ulises. Peter Connolly. Anaya. Madrid. 1986
* Los ejércitos griegos. Peter Connolly. Espasa-Calpe. Madrid. 1986
* La vida en tiempos de Jesús de Nazaret, Anaya, Madrid. 1986.
* Pompeya. Peter Connolly. ANAYA. Madrid. 1986

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Peter Connolly - Las Legiones Romanas (1986).pdf

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Osprey - Elite 172 - Nic Fields - Roman Battle Tac tics 390-110 BC (2010).jpg

By 390 BC, the Roman army was in need of change, as Greek-style tactics of fighting with a heavy infantry phalanx were proving increasingly outdated. A military revolution was born in the form of the legion, a tool of war better suited to aggressive action. Yet by the end of the 3rd century BC, Rome’s prestige was shattered by the genius of Hannibal of Carthage, causing the Romans to revise their battle tactics once more, this time by inventing a whole new kind of soldier. This book reveals these two defining moments in Roman military history and the revolution in battle tactics that they caused, examining how the Roman army eventually became all-conquering and all-powerful.

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Osprey - Men-at-Arms 374 - Graham Sumner - Roman M ilitary Clothing (1), 100 BC - AD 200 (2002).jpg

This first book in a two-part study offers a fascinating new review of little-known evidence regarding the clothing of the Roman Army, from the late Republic to the end of the early Empire. The author-illustrator draws upon written, pictorial, sculptural and archaeological sources to reconstruct the appearance of the Roman soldier on all those occasions when he was not concealed by armour - that is, on most days throughout his career. This detailed account by an expert in his field, is accompanied by numerous illustrations and eight full colour plates.

About the Author
Graham Sumner was born in 1958. He studied illustration at Wrexham Art School and has specialised in archaeological reconstruction drawings. Graham has been involved with the Ermine Street Guard for nearly 20 years. He has written a number of articles on the Roman Army for Military Illustrated magazine and was the author of the popular Roman Army: Wars of the Empire in Brasseys' History of Uniform series. This is his first book.

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Osprey - Battle Orders 37 - Nic Fields - The Roma n Army of the Principate 27 BC-AD 117 (2009).jpg

The Imperial Army established by Augustus drew heavily on the nomenclature and traditions of the late Roman Republic, but was revolutionary in its design. He decided to meet all the military needs of the Empire from a standing, professional army. Military service became a career: enlistment was for 25 years (16 in the Praetorian Guard), and men were sometimes retained even longer. The loyalty of the new army was to the emperor and not to either the Senate or the People of Rome. Imperial legions became permanent units with their own numbers and titles and many were to remain in existence for centuries to come.

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Michael Simkins - Legions of the North (2000).jpg

In the year 122, the Roman Emperor Hadrian arrived in England. Concerned about security, he ordered the construction of ‘a wall to separate the Romans from the Barbarians’. As well as looking at the wall itself, Michael studies the evolution of armour, equipment and beliefs amongst the Romans.

From the Publisher
The Bringing History to Life collection is made up of Osprey's all-time favourite titles, re-released with striking new covers - selected titles also include visitor information sections.

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M. C. Bishop, J. C. N. Coulston - Roman Military E quipment, From the Punic Wars to the Fall of Rome (1993).jpg

Armia Rzymska - 6... - M. C. Bishop, J. C. N. Coulston - Roman Military ...nt, From the Punic Wars to the Fall of Rome 1993.jpg

This book brings together evidence from all over the Roman Empire to examine the development of Roman military equipment. Rome's rise to Empire is often stated to have owed much to the efficiency and military skill of her armies and their technological superiority over barbarian enemies. However, just how "advanced" was Roman military equipment that would have been available, what would it have looked like and how would it have functioned? - these are a few of the questions discussed in this book.

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M. C. Bishop, J. C. N. Coulston - Roman Military E quipment, From the Punic Wars to the Fall of Rome (1993).pdf

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Jane Penrose - Rome and Her Enemies, An Empire Cre ated and Destroyed by War (2005).jpg

Spanning over a thousand years and an immense geographical area, the Roman Empire was the greatest in world history. At its most powerful, the Empire cast a shadow across the known world, and its legacy continues to influence politics, art and culture around the world today. Rome’s power was won on the battlefield, and the greatness of the Empire is reflected in the warlike reputations of the enemies it subdued. Hannibal, the Carthaginians, Mithridates, the Gauls, the Sassanid Persians and the infamous Goths are amongst the forces that battled the might of Rome. Rome and Her Enemies juxtaposes the society and military structure of each of these peoples with those of the contemporary Roman army. Using previously published Osprey material, this book is divided into four chronological sections focusing on major wars and battles, is lavishly illustrated throughout, and colour photographs, artwork and maps support the text to provide a comprehensive introduction to the rise and fall of an empire created and destroyed by war. Introduction by Tom Holland, bestselling author of ‘Persian Fire’ and ‘Rubicon’.

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Michael Kulikowski - Rome's Gothic Wars, From the Third Century to Alaric (2006).jpg

Late in August 410, Rome was starving, its residents were turning on one another, and, to make matters worse, the Gothic army camped at Rome's gates was restless. The Gothic commander was Alaric, a Roman general and barbarian chieftain. Leading an army that was short of food and potentially mutinous, sacking Rome was his only way forward. The old heart of Rome's empire fell to a conqueror's sword for the first time in eight hundred years. For three days, Alaric's Goths sacked the eternal city. In the words of a contemporary, the mother of the world had been murdered. Alaric's story is the culmination of a long historical journey by which the Goths came to be a part of the Roman world. Whether as friends or foes of the Roman empire, the Goths and their history are entwined with the larger history of Rome in the third and fourth centuries. Rome's Gothic Wars explains how the Goths came into existence on the margins of the Roman world, how different Gothic groups dealt with the enormous power of Rome just beyond their lands, and how, in two traumatic years, thousands of Goths entered the imperial provinces and destroyed the army that was sent to suppress them, leaving the emperor of the eternal city dead on the field of battle. Unlike other histories of the barbarians, Rome's Gothic Wars shows exactly how and why modern historians understand the Goths the way they do - and why our understanding is so controversial. Michael Kulikowski is associate professor of history at the University of Tennessee-Knoxville. A recipient of the Solmsen Fellowship at the Institute for Research in the Humanities at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, he is the author of Late Roman Spain and Its Cities, which was awarded an Honorable Mention in Classics and Archaeology from the Association of American University Presses. His scholarly articles have appeared in Early Medieval Europe, Britannia, Phoenix, and Byzantium, and he has appeared on the History Channel's Barbarians series.

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Michael Kulikowski - Rome's Gothic Wars, From the Third Century to Alaric (2006).pdf

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Graham Sumner, Graham Turner - Brassey's History o f Uniforms - Roman Army Wars of the Empire (1997).jpg

Armia Rzymska - 6... - Graham Sumner, Graham Turner - Brasseys History o...of Uniforms - Roman Army Wars of the Empire 1997.jpg

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Graham Sumner, Graham Turner - Brassey's History o f Uniforms - Roman Army Wars of the Empire (1997).pdf

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Graham Sumner - Roman Military Dress (2009).jpg

A comprehensive, beautifully illustrated guide to the Roman Army's different uniforms.

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Graham Sumner - Roman Military Dress (2009).pdf

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Raffaele D' Amato, Graham Sumner - Arms and Armour of the Imperial Roman Soldier, From Marius to Com modus, 112 BC-AD 192 (2009).jpg

Armia Rzymska - 6... - Raffaele D Amato, Graham Sumner - Arms and Armour...ier, From Marius to Commodus, 112 BC-AD 192 2009.jpg

From the Latin warriors on the Palatine Hill in the age of Romulus, to the last defenders of Constantinople in 1453 AD, the weaponry of the Roman Army was constantly evolving. Through glory and defeat, the Roman warrior adapted to the changing face of warfare. Due to the immense size of the Roman Empire, which reached from the British Isles to the Arabian Gulf, the equipment of the Roman soldier varied greatly from region to region. Through the use of materials such as leather, linen and felt, the army was able to adjust its equipment to these varied climates.

Arms and Armour of the Imperial Roman Soldier sheds new light on the many different types of armour used by the Roman soldier, and combines written and artistic sources with the analysis of old and new archaeological finds. With a huge wealth of plates and illustrations, which include ancient paintings, mosaics, sculptures and coin depictions, this book gives the reader an unparalleled visual record of this fascinating period of military history.

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Raffaele D' Amato, Graham Sumner - Arms and Armour of the Imperial Roman Soldier, From Marius to Com modus, 112 BC-AD 192 (2009).pdf

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Osprey - Men-at-Arms 451 - Raffaele D'Amato - Impe rial Roman Naval Forces 31 BC-AD 500 (2009).jpg

The Roman navy, although somewhat overshadowed by the Legions, played an important role for the Roman Empire. For the army to conquer and rule its vast territories, control of the sea lanes was essential. The navy fleets needed to be structured and powerful in order to dominate the trade routes, transport Legions and defend and attack against pirates and other enemies. Under Augustus in 31BC, the navy consisted of 800 warships with many being sent to Ravenna and Misenus in Italy, and smaller squadrons to the external coasts (e.g. Gaul, Spain, Britain) and to the major rivers, to support land operations (e.g. Rhine, Danube, Seine and others). When Roman coasts came under attack from Teutonic raiders in the 3rd and 4th centuries, the navy played a key part in the defense of the empire. This book provides a detailed re-evaluation of the vital contribution made by the Roman navy to imperial power, covering the organization of the fleets and the everyday life of the soldiers. Previously unpublished research is complemented by superb color reconstructions of the uniforms and equipment, making this a central resource on a neglected piece of ancient history.

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Emilio Gabba - Republican Rome, the Army, and the Allies (1977).jpg

table of contents

Preface
I The Origins of the Professional Army at Rome
II The Roman Professional Army from Marius to Augustus
III The Origins of the Social War and Roman Politics after 89 BC
IV M. Livius Drusus and Sulla's Reforms
V The Equestrian Class and Sulla's Senate
VI The lex Plotia agraria
VII Review of Toynbee, Hannibal's Legacy
VIII Review of Badian, Foreign Clientelae
Notes
Index
Index of Passages

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Emilio Gabba - Republican Rome, the Army, and the Allies (1977).pdf

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Adrian Goldsworthy - The Complete Roman Army (2003 ).jpg

The Complete Roman Army draws on archaeology, ancient art and original documentary sources to present a picture of one of the world's most famous fighting machines. Every aspect of the Roman army, from the daily lives of individual soldiers to the outcome of major campaigns, is explored in five accessible sections. Discussions of key Roman battles, hundreds of illustrations and brief biographies of the great commanders bring the campaigns and personalities to life. With 245 illustrations, 107 in color

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Jeremiah B. McCall - The Cavalry of the Roman Repu blic (2001).jpg

In this original and revealing work, Jeremiah B. McCall challenges the generally accepted view of the Roman calvery and explores the fundamental connections between war and society in republican Rome from 300 to 100 BCE.

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Blois, L. De, Lo Cascio, E - The Impact of the Rom an Army (200 B.C. A.D. 476), Economic, Social, Pol itical, Religious and Cultural Aspects (2007).jpg

Armia Rzymska - 6... - Blois, L. De, Lo Cascio, E - The Impact of the R..., Political, Religious and Cultural Aspects 2007.jpg

This sixth volume of the network Impact of Empire offers a comprehensive reading on the economic, political, religious and cultural impact of Roman military forces on the regions that were dominated by the Roman Empire.

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Blois, L. De, Lo Cascio, E - The Impact of the Rom an Army (200 B.C. A.D. 476), Economic, Social, Pol itical, Religious and Cultural Aspects (2007).pdf

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Paul Erdkamp - A Companion to the Roman Army (2007 ).jpg

Ancient Rome was a highly militaristic culture, at war almost annually throughout the period of the republic. The expert contributors to this volume delve into this culture, offering an extensive account of the Roman army, from its beginnings to its transformation in the later Roman Empire. Taking account of the latest scholarly and archaeological research, they examine the recruitment, training, organization, tactics, and weaponry that contributed to Romersquo;s effectiveness as a fighting machine. The volume recognises that, as a military force, the Roman army functioned in a landscape and was an integral part of Roman politics and society. The contributors therefore also explore the ecological, economic, social and political factors that help to explain the characteristic features of the army and its development over time, covering such topics as: demography and manpower, the army as a community, the religions of the soldiers, the emperor as military commander, and veterans in society.

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Paul Erdkamp - A Companion to the Roman Army (2007 ).pdf

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Osprey - Campaign 174 - Simon Sheppard - Pharsalus 48 BC, Caesar and Pompey, Clash of the Titans (20 06).jpg

Armia Rzymska - 6... - Osprey - Campaign 174 - Simon Sheppard - Pharsal... BC, Caesar and Pompey, Clash of the Titans 2006.jpg

Increasing tension between Julius Caesar and Pompeius Magnus (Pompey the Great) after the death of Marcus Licinius Crassus soon degenerated into military conflict. With his hand considerably strengthened by his election as Dictator by the Senate in Rome, Caesar knew that power would only be a reality once he had militarily defeated Pompey. By August 49BC, Caesar had effectively destroyed Pompey's armies in Spain, but, by the time he had crossed the Adriatic pursuing him eastward, his forces were heavily outnumbered. Even with the reinforcements brought by Mark Antony, his attempt to crush Pompey by laying siege to Dyrrachium was unsuccessful and he eventually had to withdrew into Thessaly, with Pompey in pursuit.

The stage was set for the final clash of the two titans of the Roman world and the odds were heavily in Pompey's favour, with 45,000 men against Caesar's 22,000. However, the veteran legions loyal to Caesar were the best in the Roman army and the challenge he faced clearly stimulated Caesar's tactical genius for battle. Guessing that Pompey would attempt to overwhelm his right wing with his cavalry, he concealed elite cohorts of legionnaries behind his own heavily outnumbered horsemen with orders to fight at close quarters like pikemen. Caesar's predictions were correct and, far from overwhelming his exposed right flank, Pompey's left flank was routed, allowing Caesar to envelop and scatter the rest of his army.

Simon Sheppard expertly charts the events leading up to the Pharsalus campaign, the course of the battle itself and the seismic implications of this decisive clash between the two greatest generals of their age.

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Osprey - Men-at-Arms 425 - Raffaele D'Amato - Roma n Military Clothing (3), AD 400-640 (2005).jpg

This book is the concluding part of a rigorous study of theliterary, sculptural, pictorial and archaeological evidence for Roman military clothing, covering the last days of the Western Empire, and the much longer record of the Eastern, in the 5th to 7th centuries. The evidence from this enormously colourful period – when Germanic and Persian styles, first introduced by mercenaries, were widely adopted by Roman armies – is particularly rich. The text is illustrated with many photographs of rare textile finds, and mosaic artwork; with careful drawings of other figurative sources; and with Graham Sumner’s meticulous and dazzling colour reconstructions.

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Stephen Dando-Collins - Mark Antony's Heroes, How the Third Gallica Legion Saved an Apostle and Crea ted an Emperor (2008).jpg

Armia Rzymska - 6... - Stephen Dando-Collins - Mark Antonys Heroes, How ...ion Saved an Apostle and Created an Emperor 2008.jpg

This fourth book in Dando-Collins’s definitive history of Rome’s legions tells the story of Rome’s 3rd Gallica Legion, which put Vespasian on the throne and saved the life of the Christian apostle Paul. Named for their leader, Mark Antony, these common Roman soldiers, through their gallantry on the battlefield, reshaped the Roman Empire and aided the spread of Christianity throughout Europe.

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Stephen Dando-Collins - Mark Antony's Heroes, How the Third Gallica Legion Saved an Apostle and Crea ted an Emperor (2008).pdf

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