In 1531, Pizarro led a small but well trained army along the Pacific Coast of the unexplored South America. With less than 200 men, he conquered the Inca empire, known as modern day Peru.

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Explorers of New Lands - Shane Mountjoy - Francisc o Pizarro And The Conquest Of The Inca (2005).pdf

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Explorers of New Lands - Samuel Willard Crompton - Sir Francis Drake And The Oceans Of The World (20 06).jpg

Sir Francis Drake, Vice Admiral (1540 – 27 January 1596) was an English sea captain, privateer, navigator, slaver, a renowned pirate, and a politician of the Elizabethan era. Elizabeth I of England awarded Drake a knighthood in 1581. He was second-in-command of the English fleet against the Spanish Armada in 1588, subordinate only to Charles Howard and the Queen herself. He died of dysentery in January 1596 after unsuccessfully attacking San Juan, Puerto Rico.

His exploits were legendary, making him a hero to the English but a pirate to the Spaniards to whom he was known as El Draque, 'Draque' being the Spanish pronunciation of 'Drake'. His name in Latin was Franciscus Draco ('Francis the Dragon'). King Philip II was claimed to have offered a reward of 20,000 ducats, about £4,000,000 (US$6.5M) by modern standards, for his life.

He is famous for (among other things) leading the first English circumnavigation of the world, from 1577 to 1580.

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Explorers of New Lands - Samuel Willard Crompton - Sir Francis Drake And The Oceans Of The World (20 06).pdf

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Frank McLynn - Napoleon, A Biography (2003).jpg

After visiting Corsica, Rousseau declared, "I have a presentiment that one day this small island will astonish Europe." Corsica did. Born there in 1769, Napoleon Bonaparte would convulse the Continent, precipitating thousands of books about him since. This latest, by British historian and Strathclyde University (U.K.) literature professor McLynn (Villa and Zapata; The Jacobites), is a crowded and persuasive one-volume life. McLynn's study but for his addictions to clich‚ and to repetition, and his labored leaning on both Freud and Jung is one the best of the new breed (since the 1978 discovery of Bonaparte's arsenic poisoning made earlier volumes obsolete). No hagiographer, McLynn is hard on Napoleon both as general and as statesman, and faults his failures to rein in his openly "venal" marshals, treacherous administrative elite and astonishingly rapacious siblings. Indifferent to people except as he needed their loyalty, this Napoleon's embodies ambitions not tempered by any idealism, and McLynn dismisses "credulous" previous biographers for seeing anything in him beyond a familiar French grasping for "grandeur" and "glory," apparent on a lesser level from Louis XIV to de Gaulle. To McLynn the difference is that Napoleon's dreams were truly Alexandrine that "His genius was of a kind that needed constant warfare to fuel it and... that all the hopes vested in him were illusory." While deftly exposing the material realities underlying the Napoleonic wars, McLynn also graphically describes the battles, suggesting that few (Austerlitz is an exception) demonstrate any authentic military brilliance. He is even more explicit about the general's tumultuous domestic and sexual life, in which Napoleon allegedly found little but masochistic satisfaction. "The true representative of the nation," Napoleon declared desperately in 1814, as his empire was collapsing around him, "is myself. France has more need of me than I have need of France." Such is still the case, McLynn claims, as France continues to cultivate his myth. Although McLynn's is a well-researched, convincing portrait, aficionados will find it not quite up to the standard of Alan Schom's 1997 Napoleon Bonaparte, which is both better written and more psychologically astute. 16 pages of b&w illustrations.

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10 wrz 18 22:03

James Fraser - Caledonia to Pictland (2008).jpg

From Caledonia to Pictland examines the transformation of Iron Age northern Britain into a land of Christian kingdoms, long before 'Scotland' came into existence. Perched at the edge of the western Roman Empire, northern Britain was not unaffected by the experience, and became swept up in the great tide of processes which gave rise to the early medieval West. Like other places, the country experienced social and ethnic metamorphoses, Christianisation, and colonization by dislocated outsiders, but northern Britain also has its own unique story to tell in the first eight centuries AD. This book is the first detailed political history to treat these centuries as a single period, with due regard for Scotland's position in the bigger story of late Antique transition. From Caledonia to Pictland charts the complex and shadowy processes which saw the familiar Picts, Northumbrians, North Britons and Gaels of early Scottish history become established in the country, the achievements of their foremost political figures, and their ongoing links with the world around them.It is a story that has become much revised through changing trends in scholarly approaches to the challenging evidence, and that transformation too is explained for the benefit of students and general readers. Key Features: *The only detailed political history to treat the first eight centuries AD as a single period of Scottish history. *Redresses the imbalance created by an existing literature dominated by archaeologists. From Caledonia to Pictland provides a narrative history of the period. *Bridges a traditional disciplinary divide between the Roman and early medieval periods. *Locates this phase of Scotland's history within a European context, emphasising what is unique and what is not.

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James Fraser - Caledonia to Pictland (2008).pdf

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John Hatcher, Mark Bailey - Modelling the Middle A ges, The History and Theory of England's Economic Development (2001).jpg

All History - John Hatcher, Mark Bailey - Modelling the Middle Ages...tory and Theory of Englands Economic Development 2001.jpg

Intriguing ... highly enjoyable and provocative. The Agricultural History Review Modelling the Middle Ages ... provides a cogent and comprehensive survey of the history and economics of late medieval England and an invaluable survey and an invaluable survey of the history of thought concerning those topics. EH.NET Overall, the book does an excellent job of accomplishing its two goals. The first was to provide a clear and accessible introduction to the conceptual frameworks that have dominated this field for many decades. The second was to assess the strengths and weaknesses, relevance, and credibility of the models. EH.NET Lucid, learned, and at times passionate ... the book is important and will undoubtedly be found indispensable for many years to come. English Historical Review Will be welcomed by students and teachers of economic history. Examining English economic development between the Norman Conquest and the late fifteenth century they [Hatcher and Bailey] present a wonderfully clear exposition of the three 'classic supermodels' that have dominated debates on the medieval economy and its transition towards commercial modernity ... The very real achievement of this book is to make these debates and their consequences accessible and interesting, evenat times positively exciting ... few could doubt its usefulness and timeliness. History Workshop Journal

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John Hatcher, Mark Bailey - Modelling the Middle A ges, The History and Theory of England's Economic Development (2001).pdf

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Rolf Toman - The High Middle Ages in Germany (1990 ).jpg

Seven essays on aspects of medieval German history & culture (12th-15th Centuries), copiously illustrated with reproductions & photographs. Contributors include T. Lohse, L. Vones, M. Groten, T. Ruster, P. Gerlach, K. Kramp, and G. Meller.

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Rolf Toman - The High Middle Ages in Germany (1990 ).pdf

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Ton Derks, Nico Roymans - Ethnic Constructs in Ant iquity, The Role of Power and Tradition (2009).jpg

This original volume explores themes of ethnicity and ethnogenesis in the societies of the ancient world. It starts with a current view held by many in the social and historical sciences, namely that ethnicity is a subjective concept shaped through an interaction with the ethnic other. The thirteen essays collected here analyze historical, epigraphic, and archaeological source material in order to consider the dynamic nature of ethnic formations over time, and range thematically from archaic Greece to early medieval Western Europe.

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Ton Derks, Nico Roymans - Ethnic Constructs in Ant iquity, The Role of Power and Tradition (2009).pdf

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Thomas Christensen - The Cambridge History of West ern Music Theory (2002).jpg

The Cambridge History of Western Music Theory is the first comprehensive history of Western music theory to be published in the English language. A collaborative project by leading music theorists and historians, the volume traces the rich panorama of music-theoretical thought from the Ancient Greeks to the present day. Richly enhanced with illustrations, graphics, examples and cross-citations, as well as being thoroughly indexed and supplemented by comprehensive bibliographies, this book will be an invaluable resource for students and scholars alike.

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Martin Carver - The Cross Goes North, Processes of Conversion in Northern Europe, AD 300-1300 (2006).jpg

In Europe, the cross went north and east as the centuries unrolled: from the Dingle Peninsula to Estonia, and from the Alps to Lapland, ranging in time from Roman Britain and Gaul in the third and fourth centuries to the conversion of peoples in the Baltic area a thousand years later. These episodes of conversion form the basic narrative here. History encourages the belief that the adoption of Christianity was somehow irresistible, but specialists show the underside of the process by turning the spotlight from the missionaries, who recorded their triumphs, to the converted, exploring their local situations and motives.

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Martin Carver - The Cross Goes North, Processes of Conversion in Northern Europe, AD 300-1300 (2006).pdf

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Richard Jasnow - Security for Debt in Ancient Near Eastern Law (2001).jpg

Creditors have always sought the protection of the law to secure themselves against loss if the debtor cannot or will not pay the debt. This volume examines the legal instruments of security available to creditors in the earliest known legal systems, their use and abuse, and the ways in which the law sought to satisfy the differing interests of creditors, debtors, and society in general, with varying degrees of success. The book covers all the major legal systems of the ancient Near East, from Sumer to Ptolemaic Egypt, as well as comparative historical developments up to the present day. Twelve scholars have each contributed a study of their special period of expertise, while the general issues that arise from their research are discussed in a concluding chapter.

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Richard Jasnow - Security for Debt in Ancient Near Eastern Law (2001).pdf

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Berliner Illustrierte Zeitung - Die 16 olympischen Tage (1936).jpg

German

This large magazine (14.5 Inches x 10.5 Inches) written in German has 96 pages packed full with photo's, facts and information - These magazines are becoming rare to find these days.

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Berliner Illustrierte Zeitung - Die 16 olympischen Tage (1936).pdf

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Martti Nissinen - Prophets and Prophecy in the Anc ient Near East (2003).jpg

This is the first book to gather the available ancient Near Eastern extrabiblical sources containing prophetic words or references to prophetic activities. Among the 140 texts included in this volume are oracles of prophets, personal letters, formal inscriptions, and administrative documents from ancient Mesopotamia and Levant from the second and first millennia B.C.E.

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Martti Nissinen - Prophets and Prophecy in the Anc ient Near East (2003).pdf

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Gwendolyn Leick - A Dictionary of Ancient Near Eas tern Mythology (2003).jpg

The Dictionary of Ancient Near Eastern Mythology covers sources from Mesopotamia, Syro-Palestine and Anatolia, from around 2800 to 300 BC. It contains entries on gods and goddesses, giving evidence of their worship in temples, describing their 'character', as documented by the texts, and defining their roles within the body of mythological narratives; synoptic entries on myths, giving the place of origin of main texts and a brief history of their transmission through the ages; and entries explaining the use of specialist terminology, for such things as categories of Sumerian texts or types of mythological figures.

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Lisa J. Steele - Fief, A Look at Medieval Society from Its Lower Rungs (2001).jpg

Lisa Steele's sourcebook examining the Middle Ages from the viewpoint of the ordinary farmer, priest and landholder. Enjoy a trip to a world where powerful priests can charge sinners with the death penalty, and where knights gather for illegal combat sports . . . where thieves can thumb their nose at the authorities from within the walls of a church, and where a foraging band of the king's own soldiers is more dangerous than a pack of brigand outlaws. In the midst of all this, ordinary people survived to work the land, weave the cloth, and pray for safety from famine and plague. Visit cumberlandgames.com to learn more about this book in its original digital form (PDF sampler available). Researched & written by Lisa J. Steele. Produced & indexed by S. John Ross.

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Lisa J. Steele - Fief, A Look at Medieval Society from Its Lower Rungs (2001).pdf

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Graham E Seel - The Early Stuart Kings, 1603-1642 (2001).jpg

In 1603 King James I ascended the throne to become the first King of a united England and Scotland. There followed a period of increasing religious and political discord, culminating in the English Civil War. The Early Stuart Kings, 1603-1642 explores these complex events and the roles of the key personalities of the time - James I and VI, Charles I, Buckingham, Stratford and Laud.

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Graham E Seel - The Early Stuart Kings, 1603-1642 (2001).pdf

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John W. Humphrey - Ancient Technology (2006).jpg

From the Palaeolithic age to the height of the Roman Empire, this concise reference source takes a closer look at six ancient technological events and their effects on civilization.

Since ancient times, technological advances have increased man's chances for survival. From the practicality of a Roman aqueduct to the art of the written word, man has always adapted his environment to meet his needs, and to provide himself with sustenance, comfort, comfort, leisure, a higher quality of living, and a thriving culture. This concise reference source takes a closer look at six technological events that significantly impacted the evolution of civilization, from the Palaeolithic age to the height of the Roman Empire. As he touches on the common elements of ancient technology—energy, machines, mining, metallurgy, ceramics, agriculture, engineering, transportation, and communication—Humphrey asks questions central to understanding the impact of ancient tools on the modern world: What prompts change? What cultural traditions inhibit change? What effect do these changes have on their societies and civilization?

Humphrey explores technologies as both physical tools and as extensions of the human body, beginning with the invention of the Greek alphabet and including such accomplishments as early Neolithic plant cultivation, the invention of coinage, the building of the Parthenon, and Rome's urban water system. Detailed line drawings of tools and machines make ancient mechanics more easily accessible. Primary documents, glossary, biographies, and a timeline dating from the Palaeolithic age to the Roman Empire round out the work, making this an ideal reference source for understanding the tools of the ancient world.

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John W. Humphrey - Ancient Technology (2006).pdf

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Lilian H. Zirpolo - Historical Dictionary of Renai ssance Art (2008).jpg

The years from 1250 to 1648 are considered to be among the most important and well-known periods in the history of Western art—the Renaissance, the era of Donatello, Leonardo, Michelangelo, Raphael, and numerous other artists. Art historian Zirpolo’s Historical Dictionary of Renaissance Art, the lead book in the visual arts subseries within the Historical Dictionaries of Literature and the Arts series, succinctly and thoroughly captures the flavor and significance of the age. A detailed chronology is followed by a 48-page introduction that is almost the equivalent of a full Renaissance art history course. The primary focus, of course, is on Italy and Spain, but all of Europe is included. The main text consists of more than 500 entries covering people, religious themes, literary works, mythology, sculpture, events, families, movements, businesses, buildings, technical terms, and more. Generally, there are two entries to a page. The 16 illustrations are all black-and-white. A bibliography, equally as long and well organized as the introduction, rounds out the work. The Historical Dictionary of Renaissance Art provides a solid overview. It is an excellent introduction for general audiences as well as a review source for students and professionals in the field. Gordon Campbell’s Renaissance Art and Architecture (Oxford, 2005) contains around 1,400 entries and is broader in scope but does not have an extensive bibliography.

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