On February 15, 1942 Singapore surrendered. It was the beginning of the end for the British Empire. Almost before the firing stopped, the controversy started. Could Singapore have been saved if more tanks or aircraft had been provided, or if Britain had denied Japan landing sites in Thailand? Could the tide have been turned as late as February 15, if fewer Australian troops had deserted? The glut of scapegoats-Churchill, British commanders, Australians-creates the need for a work which will cover the widest range of issues clearly and briefly. This book does that, providing an account of everything from prewar planning to postwar commemoration by British, Australians and Singaporeans. But it also unveils the relationship between 'Fortress Singapore' and the Fall. It shows that Churchill was against a long battle for north Malaya. In his mind's eye, Singapore remained a fortress with a moat and huge coastal gums. If the defenders fell back to Johore and Singapore, the enemy would have to assemble a vastsiege train in order to pulverize the bastion's strong points. When Churchill realized the reality, that Singapore was 'the near naked island', he called for a final blood sacrifice to redeem the honor of race and empire. This book explains what Fortress Singapore was to Churchill, what it was in reality, and how it has been remembered by Singaporeans, Australians, British and Japanese. It also puts Churchill's decision in the context of the struggles in the Middle East and Russia, and allows Churchill and contemporaries to speak for themselves. It will help students and general readers make up their own minds on the most crucial questions, which can be summed up as: "Did Singapore Have to Fall"?

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10,6 MB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Kevin Blackburn - Did Singapore Have to Fall; Chur chill and the Impregnable Fortress (2003).pdf

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Paula M. Krebs - Gender, Race, and the Writing of Empire; Public Discourse and the Boer War (1999).jpg

This book looks at the ways Victorian ideas about gender and race supported British imperialism at the turn of the century. It examines the Boer War of 1899-1902 through the war writings of literary figures such as Arthur Conan Doyle, Olive Schreiner, H. Rider Haggard and Rudyard Kipling, and also through newspapers, propaganda, and other forms of public debate in print. Paula M. Krebs' analysis of the part played by ideas about gender and race in public discourse makes a significant new contribution to the study of British imperialism.

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Suke Wolton - Lord Hailey, the Colonial Office and the Politics of Race and Empire in the Second Wor ld War; The Loss of White Prestige (2000).jpg

All History - Suke Wolton - Lord Hailey, the Colonial Office and th...the Second World War The Loss of White Prestige 2000.jpg

British imperial policy makers in the 1930s and early 1940s were once judged to be committed to advancing the political development of dependent peoples on the road to independence. We now know their priority was to retain rather than disengage from the empire. This monograph probes the rationales developed to justify retention in the context of mounting challenges and changing circumstances set off by World War II.

The fundamental rationale for empire, the author argues, which came to be thoroughly discredited, was that of racial superiority. At home and abroad racism was undermined by Nazi outrages and the loss of European prestige resulting from Japanese victories in southeast Asia. What rationale would replace it and who was responsible for it? The author asserts that the new rationale that emerged was significantly shaped by William Malcolm Hailey (1872-1969). A senior administrator in British India in the early decades of the twentieth century and responsible for major studies on native administration in Africa including the authoritative An African Survey (1938, 1957), he served as an advisor to the Colonial Office during the war. Lord Hailey, despite his autocratic record, "began to lean towards more egalitarian ideas upon which to base colonial administration" (p.18). These he fashioned from domestic social reform initiatives, particularly the concept of the welfare state. Colonial policy "developed a new langua ge of development and of protecting minority groups" (p. 146). By following up the recommendations of the Lord Moyne commission, which had investigated unrest in the British West Indies, to provide infrastructure grants, and the Colonial development acts of 1929 and 1940, designed in part to ameliorate unemployment in Britain, and drawing on his experience in accommodating the minority (i.e. Muslims) in India, he argued that Britain could improve and nurture the lot of its dependencies, thus deflecting pressures to withdraw from empire. Colonial interests, in effect, would take priority.

In fashioning rhetoric in defense of empire, Lord Hailey had more than restive colonial elites in mind. Americans were his main targets. He set out to squelch criticism and harness their support for vulnerable British objectives. He deflected their anti-imperialist preferences by reminding them...

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0,7 MB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Suke Wolton - Lord Hailey, the Colonial Office and the Politics of Race and Empire in the Second Wor ld War; The Loss of White Prestige (2000).pdf

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Suzanne L. Marchand - German Orientalism in the Ag e of Empire; Religion, Race, and Scholarship (2010 ).jpeg

Nineteenth-century studies of the Orient changed European ideas and cultural institutions in more ways than we usually recognize. "Orientalism" certainly contributed to European empire-building, but it also helped to destroy a narrow Christian-classical canon. This carefully researched book provides the first synthetic and contextualized study of German Orientalistik, a subject of special interest because German scholars were the pace-setters in oriental studies between about 1830 and 1930, despite entering the colonial race late and exiting it early. The book suggests that we must take seriously German orientalism's origins in Renaissance philology and early modern biblical exegesis and appreciate its modern development in the context of nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century debates about religion and the Bible, classical schooling, and Germanic origins. In ranging across the subdisciplines of Orientalistik, German Orientalism in the Age of Empire introduces readers to a host of iconoclastic characters and forgotten debates, seeking to demonstrate both the richness of this intriguing field and its indebtedness to the cultural world in which it evolved.

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Donald F. Featherstone - Weapons & Equipment of th e Victorian Soldier (1996).jpg

A simple pictorial and narrative guide to the weapons and equipment used by the Victorian soldier, this edition describes muskets, rifles, pistols and revolvers, bayonets, swords and lances, machine guns, artillery, mountain guns and rockets, and the military equipment used in battle.

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51,0 MB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Donald F. Featherstone - Weapons & Equipment of th e Victorian Soldier (1996).pdf

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Julie D. Campbell - Literary circles and gender in early modern Europe; A cross-cultural approach (2 006).jpg

A comparative analysis, this study examines the interactions of early modern male and female writers within the context of literary circles. In particular, Campbell examines how the querelle des femmes as a discursive rhetorical tradition of praise and blame influenced perceptions of well-educated women who were part of literary circles in Italy, France, and England from approximately 1530 to 1650.To gain a better sense of how querelle language and issues were used for or against learned women writers, Campbell aligns selected works by female and male writers, pairing them to analyze how the woman writer responds, deflects, or rewrites the male writer's ideological script on women. She focuses first on the courtesan Tullia d'Aragona's response in her Dialogo della infinità di amore to Sperone Speroni's Dialogo di amore, and contrasts the actress/writer Isabella Andreini's pastoral La Mirtilla with Torquato Tasso's Aminta. She then discusses the influence of Italian actresses upon the manners and mores of French women of the Valois court, especially focusing on performative aspects of French women's participation in court and salon rituals. To that end, she examines the influential salon of the aristocratic, learned Claude-Catherine de Clermont, duchesse de Retz, who encouraged the writing of positive querelle rhetoric in the form of Petrarchan, Neoplatonic encomiastic poetry to buttress her reputation and that of her female friends. Next, Campbell reads Louise Labé's Débat de Folie et d'Amour against Pontus de Tyard's Solitaire premier to illustrate the tensions between a traditional and nontraditional querelle stance. She then discusses Continental influence upon English writers in the context of the Sidney circle in England. Moving to the closet dramas of the Sidney circle, Campbell examines the solidarity these writers demonstrated with nontraditional stances on querelle issues, and, finally, she explores how three generations of English literary circles contested querelle issues in her discussion of Philip Sidney's Arcadia, Mary Wroth's Urania, and Anna Weamys's Continuation of the Arcadia.Campbell's analysis of how the confrontation between querelle issues and the new figure of the learned woman engendered friction across national, cultural and gender boundaries enables us to understand more fully the intertextual connections between differing national literatures of the period. Ultimately, this study provides new perspectives on the production of the texts under consideration, as well as paradigms for approaching other texts from the period.

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Julie D. Campbell - Literary circles and gender in early modern Europe; A cross-cultural approach (2 006).pdf

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Michelle Keown, David Murphy, James Procter - Comp aring Postcolonial Diasporas (2009).jpg

This edited collection breaks new ground within the field of postcolonial diaspora studies, moving beyond the predominantly Anglophone bias of much existing scholarship by investigating comparative links between a range of Anglophone, Francophone, Hispanic and Neerlandophone cultural contexts. Ranging across the disciplines of history, sociology, literary analysis, cultural studies and the visual arts, the collection examines both the contributions and limitations of existing postcolonial diaspora scholarship, as well as developing new cross-disciplinary theoretical paradigms. Exploring a variety of geographical locations including Europe, the Americas, the Pacific and the Middle East, the collection is divided into three main sections: 'Discovering Europe' (with essays by John McLeod, Elleke Boehmer and Frances Gouda, and Siobhán Shilton); 'Nostalgia and the Longing for Home' (featuring Patrick Williams, Patria Román-Velásquez and Janet Wilson); and 'Comparative Diasporic Contexts' (with contributions from Celia Britton, Mohit Prasad and Bill Marshall), concluding with a postscript by Elizabeth Ezra and Terry Rowden.

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1,1 MB
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Michelle Keown, David Murphy, James Procter - Comp aring Postcolonial Diasporas (2009).pdf

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Patrick O'Flanagan - Port cities of Atlantic Iberi a, c. 1500-1900 (2008).jpg

Charting the evolution of the seaports of Atlantic Spain and Portugal over four centuries, this book examines the often dynamic interaction between the large privileged ports of Lisbon, Seville and Cadiz (the Metropoles) and the smaller ports of, among others, Porto, Galicia and Santander (the Second Tier). With the long-term privileging and monopolies of the larger ports in decline, a new era of tremendous economic and entrepreneurial dynamism ensued for the coastal provinces of both countries.

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Patrick O'Flanagan - Port cities of Atlantic Iberi a, c. 1500-1900 (2008).pdf

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Walton Look Lai - The Chinese in the West Indies, 1806-1995 (2000).jpg

In the first seven chapters, nearly all the documents are 'official', generated by government agencies or officers. Colonial Office correspondence and papers, reports of Immigrations Department officials and British agents in South China, reports and papers of the Colonial Land and Emigration Commission in London, Parliamentary Papers these are the main sources from which Look Lai chooses his extracts . . . But in chapters 8 and 9, which deal with the post-indenture Chinese after 1870, and the free immigration starting around 1890, the type of documentation changes. The Chinese were no longer the responsibility of any governmental agency and their arrival and subsequent activities generated little official documentation. In these chapters, Look Lai relies on non-official sources . . . Although the documentary extracts do not go beyond 1950, the family biographies have been updated to the early 1990s. They are based on personal interviews with, or written accounts by, elderly family members.

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Walton Look Lai - The Chinese in the West Indies, 1806-1995 (2000).pdf

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J. M. Roberts - Twentieth Century; The History of the World, 1901 to 2000 (1999).jpg

One of our greatest contemporary historians greets the millennium with an authoritative and engrossing survey of the twentieth century

When it comes to narrative history, J. M. Roberts is an undisputed master of his craft. His classic History of the World (more than a quarter million copies sold worldwide) remains, in the words of eminent historian A. J. P. Taylor, "a stupendous achievement...the unrivaled World History of our day. . . unbelievably accurate... almost incontestable in its judgement." More remarkable, his History of Europe was acclaimed as "the best single volume history of Europe. . . combining authority and good sense with fluency and wit" (London Times Literary Supplement). In his latest sweeping and entertaining work, Roberts focuses on our own momentous century.

Twentieth Century places a chronological narrative of events in the context of the long-term changes that colored them. Among these are worldwide increases in life expectancy; major strides in science and technology; the radical reconfiguration of the global economy; vanished empires, shrunken white hegemony, and reassessment of "western" civilization; and the ever-evolving role of women.

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10 wrz 18 22:03

J. M. Roberts - Twentieth Century; The History of the World, 1901 to 2000 (1999).pdf

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Marshall G. S. Hodgson - Rethinking World History; Essays on Europe, Islam and World History (1993).jpg

Is the history of the modern world the history of Europe writ large? Or is it possible to situate the history of modernity as a world historical process apart from its origins in Western Europe? In Part One of this posthumous collection of essays, Marshall G.S. Hodgson, a former professor of history at the University of Chicago, challenges adherents of both Eurocentrism and multiculturalism to rethink the place of Europe in world history. He argues that the line that connects Ancient Greeks to the Renaissance to modern times is an optical illusion, and that a global and Asia-centered history can better locate the European experience in the shared histories of humanity. In Part Two of the work Hodgson shifts the focus and in a parallel move seeks to locate the history of Islamic civilization in a world historical framework. Finally, in Part Three he argues that in the end there is but one history--global history--and that all partial or privileged accounts must necessarily be resituated in a world historical context. The book also includes an introduction by the editor, Edmund Burke III, contextualizing Hodgson's work in world history and Islamic history.

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Marshall G. S. Hodgson - Rethinking World History; Essays on Europe, Islam and World History (1993).pdf

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Eleanor Jane Sterling, Martha Maud Hurley, Le Duc Minh, Joyce A. Powzyk - Vietnam; A Natural History (2006).jpg

All History - Eleanor Jane Sterling, Martha Maud Hurley, Le Duc Min...nh, Joyce A. Powzyk - Vietnam A Natural History 2006.jpg

This single volume presents the entire geograpy, geology, and natural history of Vietnam in lively, accessible language, making it the perfect companion for any visitor to Vietnam, with excellent and thorough information on the incredibly rich natural resources of the country, covering everything from orchids to monkeys. Species descriptions, of both flora and fauna, are well-written and engaging, and followed by short sections indicating where to find them. The accompanying illustrations are good, but too few; often many words are used to describe an animal, where a good picture would do a better and more useful job. The authors give an overview of conservation and environmental history that brings to bear the political legacy of the country. The diversity and fragility of Vietnam's natural history is stunning, and this book does an admirable job of celebrating that wealth, while clearly delineating what threatens it, including une

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Eleanor Jane Sterling, Martha Maud Hurley, Le Duc Minh, Joyce A. Powzyk - Vietnam; A Natural History (2006).pdf

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Women of the Ancient World - Barbara Levick - Juli a Domna; Syrian Empress (20007).jpg

This book covers Julia's life, and charts her travels throughout the Empire from Aswan to York during a period of profound upheaval, seeking the truth about this woman who inspired such extreme and contrasting views, exposing the instability of our sources about her, and characterizing a sympathetic, courageous, intelligent, and important woman.
This book contains a fresh reassessment of the one of the most significant figures of her time and questions:
Was Julia more powerful than earlier empresses?
Did she really promote despotism?
How seriously is her literary circle to be taken?

As part of a dynasty which used force and violence to preserve its rule, she was distrusted by its subjects; as a Syrian, she was the object of prejudice; as a woman with power, she was resented. On the other hand, Domna was the centre of a literary circle considered highly significant by nineteenth-century admirers.

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Ina Baghdiantz McCabe - Orientalism in Early Moder n France; Eurasian Trade, Exoticism and the Ancien Regime (2008).jpg

All History - Ina Baghdiantz McCabe - Orientalism in Early Modern F... Eurasian Trade, Exoticism and the Ancien Regime 2008.jpg

Francis I's ties with the Ottoman Empire marked the birth of court-sponsored Orientalism in France. Under Louis XIV, French society was transformed by cross-cultural contacts with the Ottomans, India, Persia, China, Siam and the Americas. The consumption of silk, cotton cloth, spices, coffee, tea, china, gems, flowers and other luxury goods transformed daily life and gave rise to a new discourse about the 'Orient' which in turn shaped ideas about economy and politics, specifically absolutism and the monarchy.
An original account of the ancient regime, this book highlights France's use of the exotic and analyzes French discourse about Islam and the 'Orient'.

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Ina Baghdiantz McCabe - Orientalism in Early Moder n France; Eurasian Trade, Exoticism and the Ancien Regime (2008).pdf

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Suraiya Faroqhi - Artisans of Empire; Crafts and C raftspeople Under the Ottomans (2009).jpeg

The manufacture and trade in crafted goods and the men and women who were involved in this industry--including metalworkers, ceramicists, silk weavers, fez-makers, blacksmiths and even barbers--lay at the social as well as the economic heart of the Ottoman empire. This comprehensive history by leading Ottoman historian Suraiya Faroqhi presents the definitive view of the subject, from the production and distribution of different craft objects to their use and enjoyment within the community.

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Marine Nationale - La Bayonnaise 1936 (1936).jpeg

The La Bayonnaise was a French torpedo boat of 610 tons displacement launched in 1936. The La Bayonnaise had a top speed of 35 knots and a range of 2880 km at 18 knots and carried a complement of 92. She was armed with two 3.9 inch guns; two 37 mm anti-aircraft guns; two twin machine-guns and two 21.7 inch torpedo tubes.

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Marine Nationale - La Bayonnaise 1936 (1936).djvu

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Mark Morrisson - Modern Alchemy; Occultism and the Emergence of Atomic Theory (2007).jpg

Alchemists are generally held to be the quirky forefathers of science, blending occultism with metaphysical pursuits. Although many were intelligent and well-intentioned thinkers, the oft-cited goals of alchemy paint these antiquated experiments as wizardry, not scientific investigation. Whether seeking to produce a miraculous panacea or struggling to transmute lead into gold, the alchemists radical goals held little relevance to consequent scientific pursuits. Thus, the temptation is to view the transition from alchemy to modern science as one that discarded fantastic ideas about philosophers stones and magic potions in exchange for modest yet steady results. It has been less noted, however, that the birth of atomic science actually coincided with an efflorescence of occultism and esoteric religion that attached deep significance to questions about the nature of matter and energy.
Mark Morrisson challenges the widespread dismissal of alchemy as a largely insignificant historical footnote to science by prying into the revival of alchemy and its influence on the emerging subatomic sciences of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.Morrisson demonstrates its surprising influence on the emerging subatomic sciences of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Specifically, Morrisson examines the resurfacing of occult circles during this time period and how their interest in alchemical tropes had a substantial and traceable impact upon the science of the day. Modern Alchemy chronicles several encounters between occult conceptions of alchemy and the new science, describing how academic chemists, inspired by the alchemy revival, attempted to transmute the elements; to make gold.
Examining scientists publications, correspondence, talks, and laboratory notebooks as well as the writings of occultists, alchemical tomes, and science-fiction stories, he argues that during the birth of modern nuclear physics, the trajectories of science and occultism---so often considered antithetical---briefly merged.

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