This is a study of early modern government finance in the kingdom of Naples, one of the most important European dominions of the Spanish Empire. Professor Calabria focuses on the period from the mid-sixteenth century to the time of the Thirty Years' War. He connects fiscal developments to larger issues, such as the seventeenth-century crisis, the decline of Italy and Spain, and the economic and social significance of investments in government securities markets in early modern Europe. The Cost of Empire blends quantitative data on economic, fiscal, and financial affairs with non-quantitative material detailing attitudes, economic behaviour, and administrative practices. The quantitative material includes analyses of government budgets from 1550 to 1638 and a computer study of about 4,500 investors and their investments in state securities in the later sixteenth century. The work is unrivalled in the breadth, comprehensiveness, and sophistication of its analysis of an early modern fiscal system.

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9,9 MB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Antonio Calabria - The Cost of Empire, The Finance s of the Kingdom of Naples in the Time of Spanish Rule (1991).pdf

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124 KB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Mark Patton - Statements in Stone, Monuments and S ociety in Neolithic Europe (1993).jpg

Statements in Stone is the first detailed account of the megaliths, the great stone monuments of Western Europe. For centuries, the megaliths have excited the popular imagination and recent years have witnessed a surge of interest in megalithic studies, involving a shift away from traditional concerns with typology, chronology and "origins," towards an attempt to understand the social significance of megalithic monuments, as well as the cultural dimensions of monument construction and ritual. In any consideration of European megaliths, Britanny must be seen as a core area of study, distinguished by its density and diversity of monuments. This book places various megalithic traditions into a social context, relating them to changing structures in social organization. These megaliths cover a period of over 2000 years, from the Neolithic period to the beginning of the Bronze Age. Mark Patton shows how recent excavations have further contributed to our understanding of megaliths: the discovery of early complexes beneath passage graves for instance, have provided evidence for the multiphase construction of megalithic cairns and tombs. Statements in Stone is based on the most recent and controversial theoretical perspectives in archaeology and will be of great interest to students of this discipline, as well as those in the field of anthropology.

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11,2 MB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Mark Patton - Statements in Stone, Monuments and S ociety in Neolithic Europe (1993).pdf

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90 KB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Stuart Woolf - Nationalism in Europe, 1850 to the Present (1995).jpg

Nationalism has become so integral a part of life in Europe today that it is virtually impossible not to identify oneself with a nation-state, and yet nationalism is historically a modern phenomenon. This reader of classic texts draws on authors spanning a broad chronological period and from a variety of European countries--including John Stuart Mill and Otto Bauer--to explore the theme of nationalism in Europe. This book provides texts long enough for comprehensive critical study and makes available the central building blocks for informed theoretical discussion. Contributors: Stuart Woolf, John Stuart Mill, Ernest Renan, Otto Bauer, Marcel Mauss, C. A. Macartney, Federico Chabod, John Breuilly, Joshua A. Fishman and Bruno Tobia.

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10,5 MB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Stuart Woolf - Nationalism in Europe, 1850 to the Present (1995).pdf

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95 KB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Leonie Archer - Slavery, And Other Forms of Unfree Labour (1988).jpg

Bringing together normally self-contained areas of research, this book presents penetrating analyses of the nature and perpetuation of slavery through the ages.

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10,2 MB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Leonie Archer - Slavery, And Other Forms of Unfree Labour (1988).pdf

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29 KB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Laurent Sagart - The Peopling of East Asia, Puttin g Together Archaeology, Linguistics and Genetics ( 2005).jpg

All History - Laurent Sagart - The Peopling of East Asia, Putting T...g Together Archaeology, Linguistics and Genetics 2005.jpg

One of the most dynamic research areas in the prehistory of East Asian regions is the synthesis of the findings of archaeology, linguistics and genetics. Several countries have only recently opened to field research and highly active local groups have made possible a raft of collaborative studies which would have been impossible even a decade ago. This book presents an overview of the most recent findings in all these fields. New proposals on the relationships of the language phyla of East Asia can now be tested against the findings of geneticists and archaeologists. Recent results on the domestication and spread of rice and millet in particular are taken up both in the archaeological and linguistic papers. Particular hypotheses discussed in the linguistic section include the validity of the Austric hypothesis, the relationship between the Daic languages and Austronesian and the overall links between East Asian language phyla.
The chapters on genetics focus particularly on the genetic structure of East Asian populations and the origins of the Austronesian peoples of Taiwan and the minorities of China. Physical anthropology is also considered with a multivariate analysis of East Asian and Pacific populations. The archaeological chapters take a broad view of East Asia and the potential of the "farming dispersals" hypothesis, as well as the more specific archaeology of Taiwan. The book should be of great interest to scholars of all disciplines working on the reconstruction of the East Asian past.

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10,1 MB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Laurent Sagart - The Peopling of East Asia, Puttin g Together Archaeology, Linguistics and Genetics ( 2005).pdf

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146 KB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Nicholas Tyacke - England's Long Reformation, 1500 - 1800 (1997).jpg

England's Long Reformation" brings together a distinguished team of scholars, who seek to advance beyond current debates concerning the English Reformation. It puts the religious changes of the 16th century in longer perspective than has been traditional and counters the recent emphasis on the popularity of pre-Reformation Catholicism. Instead the case is argued for an underlying trajectory of evangelical activity from the 1520s. The contributors also examine some of the hybrid religious forms which developed and the propagation of the more uncompromising messages of Puritanism and Counter-Reformed Catholicism.; Taking their cue fom continental historians, the authors demonstrate the insights which can be derived by taking a long view of the Reformation in England. The processes of Protestantization and indeed Christianization were involved, with each new generation needing to be won over or at least re- educated. The interaction of religion and society - particularly as regards the so-called "reformation of manners" - is another central theme. Ranging from Tudor Norwich to Hanoverian Bristol, the work collectively breaks down some of the artificial barriers created by periodization and encourages a new way of looking at the English Reformation. This volume should prove valuable reading for those interested in the making of a Protestant nation.

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10,5 MB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Nicholas Tyacke - England's Long Reformation, 1500 - 1800 (1997).pdf

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16 KB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Anthony Milton - Catholic and Reformed, The Roman and Protestant Churches in English Protestant Thou ght, 1600-1640 (1995).jpg

All History - Anthony Milton - Catholic and Reformed, The Roman and...hurches in English Protestant Thought, 1600-1640 1995.jpg

Religious controversy was central to political conflict in the years leading up to the outbreak of the English Civil War. Historians have focused on one religious doctrine--predestination, but Catholic and Reformed analyzes the broader preconceptions that lay behind religious debate. It offers an analysis of the nature of the English Church, and how this related to the Roman Catholic and Reformed Churches of the Continent. The book's conclusions explain the nature of English religious culture and its role in provoking the Civil War.

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11,1 MB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Anthony Milton - Catholic and Reformed, The Roman and Protestant Churches in English Protestant Thou ght, 1600-1640 (1995).pdf

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Julia M. H. Smith - Europe after Rome, A New Cultu ral History 500-1000 (2005).jpg

This is the first single-author study in over fifty years to offer an integrated appraisal of the early Middle Ages as a dynamic and formative period in European history. Written in an attractive and accessible style, it makes extensive use of original sources to introduce early medieval men and women at all levels of society from slave to emperor, and allows them to speak to the reader in their own words. It overturns traditional narratives and instead offers an entirely fresh approach to the centuries from c.500 to c.1000. Rejecting any notion of a dominant, uniform early medieval culture, it argues that the fundamental characteristic of the early middle ages is diversity of experience. To explain how the men and women who lived in this period ordered their world in cultural, social, and political terms, it employs an innovative methodology combining cultural history, regional studies, and gender history. Ranging comparatively from Ireland to Hungary and from Scotland and Scandinavia to Spain and Italy, the analysis highlights three themes: regional variation, power, and the legacy of Rome. In the context of debates about the social, religious and cultural meaning of 'Europe' in the early twenty-first century, this books seeks the origins of European cultural pluralism and diversity in the early Middle Ages.

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9,0 MB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Julia M. H. Smith - Europe after Rome, A New Cultu ral History 500-1000 (2005).pdf

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10 wrz 18 22:03

M. Reda Bhacker - Trade and Empire in Muscat and Z anzibar, The Roots of British Domination (1992).jpg

Trade and Empire in Muscat and Zanzibar examines the role of Oman in the Indian Ocean prior to British domination of the region. Omani merchant communities played a crucial part in the development of commercial activity throughout the territories they held in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, especially between Muscat and Zanzibar, using long-established trade networks. They were also largely responsible for the integration of the commerce of the Indian Ocean into the emerging global capitalist system.
M. Reda Bhacker himself a member of an important Omani merchant family provides a detailed examination of the complex relationship between the merchant community and Oman's rulers. He analyzes the tribal and religious dynamics of Omani politics both in Arabia, with special emphasis given to the Wahhabi/Saudi threat, and in Oman's sprawling territory, particularly in Zanzibar, where the Omani ruler Sa'id b Sultan had his court from 1840.
The author finds that the merchant communities and the governments in the region were unable to respond to Britain's determined onslaught, despite their power and prestige. He traces the local and regional factors that allowed Britain to destroy Oman's largely commercial challenge, and to emerge by the end of the nineteenth century as the dominant commercial and political power in the region.

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10,3 MB
10 wrz 18 22:03

M. Reda Bhacker - Trade and Empire in Muscat and Z anzibar, The Roots of British Domination (1992).pdf

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Stuart Woolf - Napoleon's Integration of Europe (1 991).jpg

Napoleon's wars were only a preliminary step in his larger plan to establish a rational state which would increase the pace of society's modernization. Napoleon's Integration of Europe studies the implications of this project for the relationship between France and the rest of Europe. Through a systematic comparison of the experiences of French domination in the majority of European states, Stuart Woolf examines the problems encountered by French bureaucrats in ruling a progressively expanding empire, and explores, through the eyes of the populations subjected to French rule, the nature of collaboration and resistance.
Napoleon's Integration of Europe not only chronicles the history of France, but also the histories of Italy, Germany, Belgium, Holland, Switzerland, Poland, and Spain, at a crucial moment in the development of each. The first comparative study of Europe in the Napoleonic era, it provides an in-depth look at an early exercise in imperialism--in fact, the first attempt to create a single Europe.

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10,2 MB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Stuart Woolf - Napoleon's Integration of Europe (1 991).pdf

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235 KB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Ross Anderson - The Battle of Tanga 1914 (2002).jpg

On 2 November 1914, obscured by the greater events in Europe, a British convoy of a light cruiser and twelve merchantmen was lying off the German East African port of Tanga, preparatory to the landing of two brigades of the Indian army. It started the main phase of the East African campaign which lasted until after the Armistice in November 1918. The battle of Tanga was the bloody beginning of a long and bitterly fought campaign in tropical Africa conceived as part of a wider plan to conquer Germany's East African empire and ensure British maritime superiority in the Indian Ocean. The ensuing battle proved to be a fiasco for the British, and highlighted the lack of co-ordination between Britain's wartime ministries and the unreadiness of the Indian Army.

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49,1 MB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Ross Anderson - The Battle of Tanga 1914 (2002).pdf

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172 KB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Theodore L. Sylvester - Slavery Throughout History Reference Library, Almanac (1999).jpg

Two of a proposed three-volume set (a primary sources volume will appear later), the Almanac and Biographies share almost identical time-line and "words to know" sections. Both volumes attempt to cover the subject worldwide, from ancient times to the present, yet both suffer from generalizations, poor editing, and careless scholarship.Biography has a more specific focus; it presents "30 men and women who made an impact . . . on slavery or who were profoundly affected by it." Alphabetically arranged from Afonso I of Kongo to Denmark Vesey, it is an attractive work whose text is sprinkled with black-and-white photos and sidebars. "Further reading" at the end of each entry includes books, periodicals, and Web sites. Controversial issues, such as Sally Hemings' relationship to Thomas Jefferson, are fairly presented, and descriptions of sex in slavery, such as Haksun Kim's experience as a Japanese "comfort woman," are appropriate for sixth grade and older.However, limiting coverage to these 30 individuals is problematic.

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15,3 MB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Theodore L. Sylvester - Slavery Throughout History Reference Library, Almanac (1999).pdf

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10 wrz 18 22:03

George E. Lane - Early Mongol Rule in Thirteenth-C entury Iran, A Persian Renaissance (2003).jpg

An account of the re-emergence of Persia as a world player and the reassertion of its cultural, political and spiritual links with Turan, this book opposes the way in which, for too long, the whole period of Mongol domination of Iran has been viewed from a negative standpoint. Though arguably the initial irruption of the Mongols brought little comfort to those in its path, this is not the case with the second 'invasion' of the Chinggisids. This study demonstrates that Khan came as a welcomed king rather than as a conqueror. It paints a picture of the early Il-Khanate as a cultural and spiritual renaissance and reveals both and his son Abaqa as fathers of that legacy.

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10,4 MB
10 wrz 18 22:03

George E. Lane - Early Mongol Rule in Thirteenth-C entury Iran, A Persian Renaissance (2003).pdf

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35 KB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Robert Hoyland - Arabia and the Arabs, From the Br onze Age to the Coming of Islam (2001).jpg

Knowledge of pre-Islam Arabia is essential for anyone seeking to understand how Islam arose and the shape it took. Further, knowledge of the cultures, commerce, and conflicts of the Mediterranean from the Bronze Age to Muhammed is fatally incomplete without the inclusion of the Arabs and the vital role they played. Arabia and the Arabs provides the only up-to-date, one volume survey of the region and its peoples during this period.
Using a wide range of sources--inscriptions, poetry, histories, and archaeological evidence--Robert Hoyland explores the main cultural areas of Arabia, from ancient Sheba in the south, to the desert oases of the north. He meticulously traces the major themes in the:
*economy
*society
*religion
*art and architecture
*language and literature
*Arabhood and Arabisation.
The text is supplemented by over 50 photographs, drawings, and maps.

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10,6 MB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Robert Hoyland - Arabia and the Arabs, From the Br onze Age to the Coming of Islam (2001).pdf

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Julie Marshall - Britain and Tibet 1765-1947, A se lect annotated bibliography of British relations w ith Tibet and the Himalayan States including Nepal , Sikkim and Bhutan (2005).jpg

All History - Julie Marshall - Britain and Tibet 1765-1947, A selec...layan States including Nepal, Sikkim and Bhutan 2005.jpg

This bibliography is a record of British relations with Tibet in the period 1765 to 1947. As such it also involves British relations with Russia and China, and with the Himalayan states of Ladakh, Lahul and Spiti, Kumaon and Garhwal, Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan and Assam, in so far as British policy towards these states was affected by her desire to establish relations with Tibet. It also covers a subject of some importance in contemporary diplomacy. It was the legacy of unresolved problems concerning Tibet and its borders, bequeathed to India by Britain in 1947, which led to border disputes and ultimately to war between India and China in 1962. These borders are still in dispute today. It also provides background information to Tibet's claims to independence, an issue of current importance. The work is divided into a number of sections and subsections, based on chronology, geography and events. The introductions to each of the sections provide a condensed and informative history of the period and placethe books and article in their historical context. Most entries are also annotated. This work is therefore both a history and a bibliography of the subject, and provides a rapid entry into a complex area for scholars in the fields of international relations and military history as well as Asian history.

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