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Czasopisma historyczne

	Archeion
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Średniow iecze polskie

Średniow iecze powszech ne

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03. Historia nowożytna

	Europa i świat XVI-XVII I
	Rzeczpos polita XV - 1795 rok
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04. XIX (koniec XVIII wieku-1918)

	Europa i świat XIX (do 1918)
	Ziemie polskie i Polacy pod zaborami 1795-191 8
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05. Dwudziestol ecie międzywojen ne

	Historia Polski 1918-193 9
	Historia powszech na 1918-193 9
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06. II wojna światowa

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07. Polska i świat po 1945 roku

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Crusaders (Krzyżowcy)

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11,8 MB
11 mar 12 22:23

Concord - Fighting Men Series 6007 - The Age of th e Crusades (2002).pdf

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38 KB
11 mar 12 22:23

Osprey - Men at Arms 75 - Terence Wise - Armies of the Crusades (2006).jpg

In the early crusades men of all ranks from all over Europe took the cross and went to fight Islam as volunteers. Some went out of religious fervour, others to escape the plagues and famine which were rife at the time, still others in search of land or a fortune in loot. Fighting alongside all of these were the armies raised in Outremer, the Holy Land itself. Together they waged a bloody religious war, the participants of which included such forces as the Knights Templar, the Teutonic Knights, and the Byzantine Army.

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11 mar 12 22:23

John France - Western Warfare in the Age of the Cr usades 1000-1300 (2006).jpg

This authoritative and concise work surveys the range of warfare in the high Middle Ages while reflecting on the society that produced these military struggles. The book brings together for the first time a wealth of information on such topics as knighthood, military organization, weaponry and fortifications, and warfare in the East. In 1095 with the launching of the First Crusade, Europeans established a great military endeavour to save the Holy Land, an undertaking that remained a central preoccupation until the end of the thirteenth century. While the expeditions that went forth to fight the Muslims involved armies of exceptional size, much of the warfare within western Europe itself was conducted by small armies on behalf of landowners who were often neighbours and kin. In his approach to his subject, John France considers political, social, and economic development in the age of the crusades. He emphasizes the significance of four factors in shaping medieval warfare: the dominance of land as a form of wealth, the limited competence of government, the state of technology that favoured defence over attack, and the geography and climate of western Europe. His coverage of the castle and the knight in armour depicts the role of landowners in producing these characteristic medieval instruments of war. In addition, France provides an extensive analysis of battles in which he reconstructs a series of encounters in superb detail.

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2,7 MB
11 mar 12 22:23

John France - Western Warfare in the Age of the Cr usades 1000-1300 (2006).pdf

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67 KB
11 mar 12 22:23

Osprey - Fortress 032 - David Nicolle - Crusader C astles in the Holy Land 1192-1302 (2005).jpg

The debacle of the Second Crusade in 1148 caused the Crusader States to realise the necessity of developing a more cautious strategy. The original expansionist spirit largely disappeared, and the Crusader States made priorities of strengthening their existing fortifications and towns and building new castles. These structures encompassed core aspects of Western European military architecture with the integration of rapidly developing Arab and Islamic traditions.Following Fortress 21: 'Crusader Castles in the Holy Land 1097–1192', this book examines the design, development and defensive principles of some of the best-known Crusader fortifications and castles, including Crac des Chevaliers, Castel Blanc, Arsuf, Margat, Atlit, Montfort and Acre.

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11 mar 12 22:23

Amin Maalouf - Les Croisades vues par les arabes ( 1999).jpg

En partant pour les croisades, ces preux chevaliers avaient bonne conscience : ils portaient leur croix sur le dos et la divine parole en Orient. L’Orient, c’était la terre promise. Ils pillèrent la terre, violèrent les femmes, massacrèrent les hommes, au nom de la chrétienté. Ces barbares furent combattus tout ausi férocement du côté de l’islam, où se trouvait la civilisation la plus avancée, mais aussi les rivalités et « la torpeur du monde arabe ». Et Jérusalem, Damas, Beyrouth, connurent l’enfer

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3,1 MB
11 mar 12 22:23

Amin Maalouf - Les Croisades vues par les arabes ( 1999).djvu

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89 KB
11 mar 12 22:23

Jonathan Riley-Smith - The Oxford History of the C rusades (2000).jpg

Here, the story of the Crusades is told as never before in an engrossing, comprehensive history that ranges from the preaching of the First Crusade in 1095 to the legacy of the crusading ideals and imagery that continues today. Here are the ideas of apologists, propagandists, and poets about the Crusades, as well as the perceptions and motives of the crusaders themselves and the means by which they joined the movement.

The book's coverage ranges from the elaborate social and civic systems that arose to support the Crusades to vivid descriptions of the battles themselves. The authors provide keen and insightful commentary on the reactions of the Muslims to a Christian holy war. The book even includes coverage of crusades outside the eastern Mediterranean region and post-medieval crusades.

From descriptions of the battles and homefront conditions, to a thorough evaluation of the clash (and coalescence) of cultures, to the legacy that continues into our conflict-torn present, to the enduring artistic and social changes that the Crusades wrought, The Oxford History of the Crusades offers an unsurpassed panorama of one of the great movements in western history.

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5,5 MB
11 mar 12 22:23

Jonathan Riley-Smith - The Oxford History of the C rusades (2000).pdf

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11 mar 12 22:23

Helen Nicholson David Nicolle - God's Warriors, Cr usaders, Saracens and the battle for Jerusalem (20 05).jpg

Crusaders Krzyżowcy - Helen Nicholson David Nicolle - Gods Warriors, Cr...ders, Saracens and the battle for Jerusalem 2005.jpg

Combines material previously published as Campaign 19: Hattin 1187, Warrior 10: Saracen Faris 1050-1250, Warrior 91: Knight Templar 1120-1312, with new images, and a new introduction and conclusion.This book tells the story of the momentous campaign that led to the Muslim capture of Jerusalem in 1187, following the disastrous Crusader defeat at Hattin, where Saladin’s troops destroyed the Christian army. These events resulted in the collapse of the kingdom of Jerusalem and sparked off the Third Crusade under Richard I. The authors take a close look at the two most intriguing warrior types involved in the conflict: the Knight Templar and the Saracen Faris. Their motivation, training and combat experiences are examined, as the authors explore what it was really like to fight in the Crusades.

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11 mar 12 22:23

Adrian J. Boas - Jerusalem in the Time of the Crus ades (2001).jpg

Serving as both a scholarly account of Jerusalem's archaeology and a useful guide for the interested reader, this work illuminates the turbulent past of a city which is both medieval in appearance and a modern city at the center of international and religious interest. This expansive new work examines the history of the city and its unique society as well as presents archaeological evidence for Crusader Jerusalem.

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5,9 MB
11 mar 12 22:23

Adrian J. Boas - Jerusalem in the Time of the Crus ades (2001).pdf

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11 mar 12 22:23

Osprey - Fortress 021 - David Nicolle - Crusader C astles in the Holy Land 1097-1192 (2003).jpg

The Crusaders that landed in the Middle East in the late-11th century brought with them their own traditions of military architecture, but it was not long before their defensive construction began to reflect a broad array of local influences. Most early Crusader structures were relatively small, and tended to increase the existing natural and defensive features of a site. The basic forms comprised freestanding towers, castra, and hilltop and spur-castles, but urban centres, religious sites and rural dwellings were also fortified. From the 1160s, bigger, stronger and more expensive castles began to appear, in response to developments in Islamic siege weaponry. This title examines the early fortifications erected by the Crusaders in modern-day Israel, the Palestinian territories, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria and south-eastern Turkey.

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