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chesterton,człowiek,który był czwartkiem	clichés	COLERIDGE SAMUEL TAYLOR
DAVID BOWIE	delve special	------------------------------------------DICKENS ----------------------------------------
dickens hardy portsmouth	Doris Lessing - The Grass Is Singing	DOSTOJEWSKI IDIOTA
Dylan Thomas	EDUCATING RITA	edward lear
Edward The Black Prince	Edward VI	ELVIS
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king james`s bible	KIPLING	knowing me,knowing you
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NATION`S FAVOURITE POEMS 1996______________________________	Oscar Wilde	Oscar Wilde The Ballad of Reading Gaol
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Sketches by Boz	SLANG	słuchowisko PRadia ------------------------------------
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30,8 MB
15 cze 12 3:58

tsi 156. At War With Napoleon.mp3

The death of Pitt and life inside the Poor House. Anna Massey narrates the history of the British Isles.

33,6 MB
12 cze 12 8:14

tsi 155 Peace falters, war with France resumes and the Battle of Trafalgar looms.mp3

1802 Napoleonic Wars begin
1805 Nelson is victorious but dies at Trafalgar
1810 George III becomes insane
1815 Battle of Waterloo end Napoleonic Wars
1820 George III dies
George IV becomes king

29,9 MB
8 cze 12 22:07

tsi 154. Prime Minister in Exile.mp3

Pitt resigns and the Treaty of Amiens allows breathing space in the war with France.

30,0 MB
8 cze 12 22:07

tsi 153. Pitt Goes and Nelson Turns a Blind Eye.mp3

Nelson turns a blind eye at the Battle of Copenhagen and the Napoleonic Wars begin. Anna Massey continues the story of Britain.

31,2 MB
6 cze 12 18:35

tsi 152. The Irish Rebellion and Union.mp3

Stalemate in the Irish question leads to the resignation of Pitt the Younger. Anna Massey continues the history of Britain.

England's connection with Ireland had been unbroken since the 12th century when Henry II conquered it. Ireland was rebellious and it was not until Elizabethan times that it was truly united. Protestantism was introduced and The Penal Code controlled the Catholics. In 1798 the United Irishmen revolted in the hope of setting up an Irish Republic. They failed and Pitt the Younger passed the 1801 Act of Union.
Meanwhile the Napoleonic Wars were causing chaos in Europe. Nelson saved Britain from invasion at the Battle of Trafalgar. Britain now really ruled the waves. Though the wars still raged on land until Waterloo in 1815.

By 1810 George III was permanently insane. The Regency Act was passed. The Prince of Wales became regent for one year. The King was placed in the care of Queen Charlotte and a council of advisors. In 1820 George III finally died and George IV became King.

31,0 MB
5 cze 12 23:39

tsi 151. Nelson, The Nile and the First Income Tax.mp3

Nelson tastes victory in the Nile, funded by the nation's first ever income tax. Anna Massey continues the history of Britain.

HORATIO, LORD NELSON (1758-1805)

First Viscount Nelson
The Royal Navy's most revered sailor
Son of a Norfolk clergyman
Considered a sickly child
Joined the navy aged 12 in 1770, largely thanks to his uncle who was a senior officer
Fought in the War of American Independence
In 1787 married Frances Nisbet
Began his infamous affair with Emma, the wife of Sir William, in Naples
They later had a child, Horatia
In 1793 lost his right eye fighting at Corsica
Won at Cape St Vincent in 1797
Lost his right arm at Tenerife the same year
In 1798 won the Battle of Aboukir Bay (the Nile)
Became rear-admiral in 1801
Won at Copenhagen
At Trafalgar in October 1805 was killed aboard his flagship Victory
Apart from his victories, Nelson is remembered as someone who brought order to often disorganised fleets and made sure that all his captains knew exactly what he had in mind before each campaign
Every year, the Royal Navy celebrates Trafalgar Day and the toast is The Immortal Memory

DID YOU KNOW?
Nelson was a feeble child and might never have been taken into the navy but for his uncle, Maurice Suckling, who was captain of his first ship the Raisonnable.

35,2 MB
4 cze 12 21:56

tsi 150. Mutiny In The Royal Navy.mp3

Wordsworth waxes lyrical about Revolution in France, while the Royal Navy rebels. Anna Massey narrates the history of Britain.

31,7 MB
1 cze 12 21:03

tsi 149. Britain Once More At War With France.mp3

Revolution & War with the French
On 14th July 1789, the royal prison in Paris, the Bastille, fell. By the late summer of 1792 the French monarchy was no more and the French Revolution had spread beyond the French borders. In 1793 the French annexed the Austrian Netherlands and then declared war on Holland and Britain.
In 1789 the French rebels had much support in England. After all Britain had had her own revolution one hundred years earlier. It was not until Napoleon invaded Italy and Austria and declared war on Britain that the French Revolution lost its British supporters.

Napoleon I, Napoleon Bonaparte
NAPOLEON BONAPARTE (NAPOLEON I) (1769-1821)

Emperor of France
Born in Ajaccio, Corsica
Joined the army in 1785
Married Joséphine in 1796 but was childless and in 1809 divorced her and married Marie Louise of Austria
Commanded the French army in Italy then, in Austria
Went to Egypt to disrupt English trade
Returned to France in 1799
Founded the Bank of France and stabilized the franc
In 1802 Pope Pius VII recognized the French Republic and the Peace of Amiens was signed
Also founded the Légion d'Honneur
Was elected First Consul for life and became Emperor in 1804
In 1805 lost control of the high seas when Nelson defeated Villeneuve's fleet at Trafalgar
Napolean had to abandon his plan to invade Britain from Boulougne
Later his forces invaded Spain and Portugal
The British under Wellesley (later the duke of Wellington) opposed him in what became the Peninsular War
In 1814, after a series of defeats his own marshals forced him to resign, he was given the sovereignty of Elba in the treaty of Fontainbleau and momentarily, the Bourbons were restored to the throne
In 1815 he returned and reigned for 'One Hundred Days'
Europe declared war against him
England, Belgium and Prussia combined under Wellington and defeated Napoleon at Waterloo
Fled to Paris and abdicated
Sent into exile in St Helena

In 1797 the navy mutinied twice. British ships blocked the Thames for weeks. The conditions in which ratings lived on the lower decks in the 18th century were appalling.

FRENCH PHILOSOPHERS

-Diderot
-Rousseau
-Voltaire
It has been said that Voltaire said what men thought and Rousseau said what men felt.

22 KB
1 cze 12 12:39

Thomas_Paine_rev1.jpg

Thomas Paine (ur. 29 stycznia 1737 w Thetford w Anglii, zm. 8 czerwca 1809 w Nowym Jorku) – angielski pisarz i myśliciel okresu oświecenia. Uczestnik rewolucji amerykańskiej, jeden z ojców założycieli USA. Prekursor liberalizmu.
W 1774 przybył do Filadelfii, w 1776 opublikował pamflet Zdrowy rozsądek, w którym nawoływał do stworzenia niepodległego państwa w miejsce dotychczasowych kolonii brytyjskich w Ameryce. Brał udział w wojnie o niepodległość USA. Do Wielkiej Brytanii wrócił w 1787.
Także w ojczyźnie głosił radykalne idee wolnościowe, popierał rewolucję francuską i prawo narodów do wybierania demokratycznych rządów. Po wydaniu Praw człowieka, zagrożony aresztowaniem, uciekł do rewolucyjnej Francji, gdzie został wybrany do Zgromadzenia Narodowego, ale także osadzony w więzieniu przez jakobinów.
W Wieku rozumu przyznał, iż deizm stanowi podstawę jego poglądów.
Dzieła[edytuj]

Letter to Washington - utwór, zawierający atak na George'a Washingtona jako osobę.
Zdrowy rozsądek (ang. Common Sense) - pamflet polityczny. Optował w nim za niepodległością Stanów Zjednoczonych, posługując się m.in. argumentem, że mała wyspa (Wielka Brytania) nie powinna rządzić całym kontynentem.
Prawa człowieka (Rights of Man – 1791-1792)
Wiek rozumu (The Age of Reason – 1794, 1795 i 1807)
Agrarian Justice (1797)

13 KB
1 cze 12 12:34

William Wilberforce.jpg

William Wilberforce

30,7 MB
1 cze 12 12:24

tsi 148. The French Revolution.Tom Paine's Rights of Man.mp3

William Pitt the Younger becomes Prime Minister

In 1783 William Pitt the Younger became Prime Minister. He had the full support of the King. In the autumn of 1788 the King showed the first signs of insanity. Fox had taken up with the Prince of Wales. The King was to recover the following year.
Two men were important to him Henry Dundas and William Wilberforce. A group gathered round them known as 'the Saints'. Their prime political aim was the abolition of the slave trade.

Pitt failed to abolish slavery but he did bring some sort of order to Britain's economy - he introduced the much criticized Sinking Fund. He also embarked on a policy of neutrality in European affairs.

William Wilberforce
WILLIAM WILBERFORCE (1759-1833)

-Son of a Hull merchant
-In 1776 went to Cambridge where he met Pitt the Younger
-Between 1780 and 1784 served as MP for Hull and then for Yorks
-In 1785 became an Evangelical Christian
-Involved with the Foreign Bible Society and the London Missionary Society
-Became a leading light of the Clapham Sect of Evangelicals
-From 1788, joined with Thomas Clarkson to campaign for abolition of slavery
-Buried in Westminster Abbey

32,2 MB
31 maj 12 7:59

tsi 147. The First Madness of King George.mp3

Pitt the Younger proposes Parliamentary reform and the King's sanity is questioned.

The First Madness of George III
The coalition of Fox and North did not last long. They did not have the support of the King. The American Revolution had shattered the complacency of England - reform was in the air. Ideas for Parliamentary reform were discussed. The aim was to increase the number of boroughs which elected members and thus reduce the possibilities of corruption. There was talk of universal suffrage and democratic representation. All agreed that reform was needed but no decision could be made as to how to go about it.
George III played an important part in the politics of the day he had been on the throne 23 years and when he fell ill in 1788 there was concern from outsiders for his safety and from insiders for their future.

Charles James Fox
CHARLES JAMES FOX (1749-1806)

MP
Younger son of Henry Fox
Became MP for Midhurst in 1768
Made a Lord of the Admiralty by North
Resigned and reappointed in 1772 but dismissed in 1774
Elected MP for Westminster in 1781
Secretary of State under Rockingham in 1782
Resigned on Rockingham's death as he did not like Shelburne
Formed a Government with North in 1783 under the leadership of Portland
Resigned over the India Bill
Foreign secretary under Grenville in 1806
Died in September 1806
DID YOU KNOW? :
Pitt the Younger is the youngest Prime Minister of all time. He was just 24 when George III asked him to form a government.

The MCC (Marylebone Cricket Club) was founded in 1788.

*1782 North resigns
*Rockingham becomes Prime Minister
*Rockingham dies
*Shelburne becomes Prime Minister
*1783 Shelburne resigns
*William Pitt the Younger becomes Prime Minister
*1788 George III becomes insane
*1789 French Revolution begins
*George Washington becomes 1st President of the USA

69 KB
29 maj 12 19:32

430px-Gillray_-_The_First_Kiss.jpg

A later Gillray cartoon, on the 1803 Peace of Amiens, features a fat and non-martial Britannia kissing "Citizen François"

262 KB
29 maj 12 19:17

cartoon.jpg

In this cartoon, James Gillray is again lampooning Charles James Fox and the French Revolution. The man about to be decapitated is George III. The man swinging the axe is none other than the corpulent, lady-loving, wily Fox. Gillray is calling Fox and his party radicals, who, if left unchecked, would bring about the same terror in England as was happening across the Channel.

0,6 MB
29 maj 12 19:13

irish-invasion-gillray.jpg

End of the Irish Invasion - Gillray

Fox portrayed here as the dismayed figurehead of the french warship Le Revolutionaire, had repeatedley scorned fears of a French descent upon Ireland. However, on 23rd December 1797 in an expedition organised by the fanatical and Anglophobe General Lazare Hoche (A lower class born french soldier who rose to be a general in the Revolutionary army.) A french squadron with numerous millitary transports anchored in Batry Bay in Southern Ireland but was dispersed by foul weather.

31 KB
29 maj 12 19:10

gilldeat.jpg

Death of the Corsican Fox. _ Scene the last, of the Royal-Hunt.

George III holds Napoleon by the neck before throwing him to the hounds, named after his generals and admirals including Nelson and Cornwallis. Prime Minister William Pitt approaches on horseback. Gillray is a little premature: Napoleon wasn't removed from the world's stage until Waterloo, twelve years later. First published 1803.

40 KB
29 maj 12 19:03

Cromwell and George III.jpg

A Connoisseur Examining a Cooper, 1792, is one of Gillray's most
famous satires. King George III (the figure depicted) once said that
he didn't understand Gillray's caricatures. Gillray shows him using
a candle, evidence of his miserly habits, to look at a small picture
of Oliver Cromwell by Samuel Cooper, evidence of his pretension
of knowing art, and reflecting republicanism in Britain. Image
courtesy of the Victoria and Albert Museum, London.

155 KB
29 maj 12 19:00

743px-Monstrous_craws,_at_a_new_coalition_feast.jpg

May 29, 1787, shows the Queen, the Prince of Wales, and King George
(dressed as a woman) scarfing gold coins from a bowl. They (except the
Prince of Wales) have full bags hanging around their necks like goitres,
and the door of the treasury behind them is open.

219 KB
29 maj 12 18:59

800px-L-Assemblee-Nationale-Gillray.jpeg

L'Assemblée Nationale, 1804, is considered one of best caricatures ever done
because of its remarkable likenesses. It depicts a reception given by Charles
James Fox for the Prince of Wales; all the participants were anti-government.
The Prince of Wales paid big bucks to suppress it and have the plate destroyed.

5 KB
29 maj 12 18:51

gillray.jpg

James Gillray

38 KB
29 maj 12 18:43

20100329_africa march10 045.jpg

EVACUATION OF MALTA Famous cartoon by James Gillray showing Napoleon ...

398 KB
29 maj 12 18:41

Sin-Death-and-the-Devil-Gillray.jpeg

"Sin, Death and The Devil"
Pitt is Death, wearing the king's crown.
Thurlow is Satan.
The Queen is Sin, naked, with two writhing serpents for legs, attempting to protect Pitt.
9 June 1792

43 KB
29 maj 12 18:35

PRpitt1.jpg

A Gillray cartoon referring to William Pitt's policy on Income Tax

0,8 MB
29 maj 12 18:31

The_Times,_Anno_1783_by_James_Gillray_(2).jpg

colonists

74 KB
29 maj 12 18:26

Sugar cartoon WH28GP8im1.jpg

Anti-Saccharrites or John Bull and his Family leaving off the use of Sugar by James Gillray, 1792. In the cartoon, Gillray ridicules and satires the adoption of the sugar boycott by the Royal Household. King George III was famously tight-fisted and did not support the Abolition Movement. Gillray hints here that the King is more interested in saving money than abolishing slavery! © Hull Museums

33 KB
29 maj 12 18:10

XB186589.jpg

William Pitt the Younger (1759-1806) riding on the back of George III (1738-1820) Observing the French Squadron, 1803.

122 KB
29 maj 12 18:07

800px-Caricature_gillray_plumpudding.jpg

Pitt i Napoleon dzielą się światem, karykatura Jamesa Gillraya z 1805 r.

122 KB
29 maj 12 18:03

pitt_main.jpeg

In Britannia between Death and the Doctor's (1804), Gillray caricatured Pitt as a doctor kicking Addington (the previous doctor) out of Britannia's sickroom.

33,0 MB
29 maj 12 17:58

tsi 146. Irish Victims of the American Revolution.mp3

The war with America is over, but England is suffering a crippling national debt.

The Irish and the American Revolution
Restrictions on trade in Ireland were causing distress in the economy and among the people. The English merchants were repressive. In 1780 two bills went through Westminster which allowed the export of woollens and glass and an expansion of trade with America, the West Indies and Africa. The new legislation was welcomed in Ireland until they found that they could not afford to expand trade. In Scotland there was a strong export trade especially in sturdy clothing and iron tools and the increasing demand for glass meant high investment in Scotland, bigger potential export markets and expanding fleet. Even Scotland though felt the effects of the war.

William Pitt the Younger
WILLIAM PITT THE YOUNGER (1759-1806)

Tory MP
Prime Minister (1783-1801 and 1804-1806)
Younger son of Pitt the Elder
Educated at Cambridge
Called to the Bar
Elected MP for Appleby 1781
Chancellor of the Exchequer under Shelburne
Twenty four years old when he formed his minority Government in 1783
Won the 1784 election
Introduced new taxes to pay debts which lost him support
Also unpopular because of his handling of the French revolution
Pushed through the India Act to take control of the East India Company - the origins of the Raj
Resigned in 1801 when the King refused to support his Catholic Emancipation Bill
Returned to office in 1804
His formation of a quadruple alliance against the French with Austria, Russia and Sweden together with Nelson's victory at Trafalgar, had Pitt dubbed saviour of Europe
Died in January 1806, with few close friends and virtually penniless

The Bank of Ireland was founded in 1783.

REPORT OF THE SPEAKER OF THE IRISH HOUSE OF COMMONS - EDMOND SEXTON PERY 1779

That Ireland must continue in a state of poverty, frequently of misery, appears evident not only from reason but experience; it seems to be equally obvious that it is not the interest of Great Britain to keep her in that state, in the view of commerce only. Great Britain must be a loser by it. Little is to be got by trading with a poor country. The benefit of one nation constitutes that of the other.

But several bodies of manufacturing people, more attentive to their own private interest than to that of the public, look upon the progress of improvement in the latter with a jealous eye. The woollen manufacturer requires some particular notice. It is asserted by the drapiers and clothiers in Ireland, that all the wool produced in Ireland is not sufficient to clothe it inhabitants; the price of wool in Ireland being so much higher than in England seems to countenance the assertion, unless it is to be raised by a great Demand for it in France, and the consequent temptation to Smugglers to transport it into that Kingdom.

At present the people of Ireland are taught by partial laws to consider themselves as separated from the inhabitants of Great Britain. Were that fatal obstacle removed, they would be united as much in affection, as they certainly are in interest, and it would not then be in the power of malice to disturb their harmony.

20 KB
29 maj 12 8:18

The_State_Tinkers_compressed.jpg

"The State Tinkers". Contemporary (1780) caricature by James Gillray. It shows three peers breaking a large bowl which is cracked and patched; one, Lord North (who was Prime Minister from 1770 to 1782), is shown chiselling inside the bowl, whilst behind him stands George III (King from 1760 to 1820) with hands raised as if in surprise.

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