The fall of communism in the Soviet Union led many to hope and expect that liberal democracy would immediately take root across postcommunist states, marking what Francis Fukuyama famously referred to as the 'end of history.' Since then, however, a very different picture has emerged, most notably in the form of nationalist sentiments that have steered many postcommunist countries in an illiberal direction, even in regimes committed to market reforms and formally democratic institutions.

Cheng Chen examines this phenomenon in comparative perspective, showing that the different pathways of nation-building under Leninism affected the character of Leninist regimes and, later, the differential prospects for liberal democracy in the postcommunist era. In China and Russia, Chen shows, liberalism and nationalism were more difficult to reconcile because Leninism was indigenous and had a more significant impact on nation-building. In Hungary and Romania, by contrast, Leninism was a foreign import and had less of an effect on traditional national identity. As we witness the struggle to establish democracy in places such as Afghanistan and Iraq, a study that examines the salience of historical legacies seems particularly timely.

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Cheng Chen - The Prospects for Liberal Nationalism in Post-Leninist State (2007).pdf

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John Quigley - Soviet Legal Innovations and the La w of the Western World (2007).jpg

This book explains an interaction between Soviet Russia and the West that has been overlooked in much of the analysis of the demise of the USSR. Legislation strikingly similar to the Marxist-inspired laws of Soviet Russia found its way into the legal systems of the Western world. Even though Western governments were at odds with the Soviet government, they were affected by the ideas it put forth. Western law was transformed radically during the course of the twentieth century, and much of that change was along lines first charted in Soviet law.

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John Quigley - Soviet Legal Innovations and the La w of the Western World (2007).pdf

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Martin Malia - History's Locomotives, Revolutions and the Making of the Modern World (2006).jpg

This masterful comparative history traces the West’s revolutionary tradition and its culmination in the Communist revolutions of the twentieth century. Unique in breadth and scope, History’s Locomotives offers a new interpretation of the origins and history of socialism as well as the meanings of the Russian Revolution, the rise of the Soviet regime, and the ultimate collapse of the Soviet Union. History’s Locomotives is the masterwork of an esteemed historian in whom a fine sense of historical particularity never interfered with the ability to see the large picture. Martin Malia explores religious conflicts in fifteenth- and sixteenth-century Europe, the revolutions in England, American, and France, and the twentieth-century Russian explosions into revolution. He concludes that twentieth-century revolutions have deep roots in European history and that revolutionary thought and action underwent a process of radicalization from one great revolution to the next. Malia offers an original view of the phenomenon of revolution and a fascinating assessment of its power as a driving force in history.

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1,7 MB
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Martin Malia - History's Locomotives, Revolutions and the Making of the Modern World (2006).pdf

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Steph Barisitz - Banking in Central and Eastern Eu rope 1980-2006, From Communism to Capitalism (200 7).jpg

Comparative in structure and covering an extensive number of transition countries in its survey, this comprehensive book overviews the development of the banking systems in Central and Eastern European since the communist era until the present time. Taking in a range of countries including Hungary, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Romania, Croatia, Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Barisitz - an economist with the Central Bank of Austra - analyzes the evolution of legal foundations, banking supervision, banks' major sources of assets, liabilities, earnings and related changes, banking crises, restructuring, rehabilitation programs, the role of foreign-owned banks and FDI. A significant publication, it is fascinating reading for all those studying and working in the areas of transition economy, macro and monetary economy and economic history.

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Steph Barisitz - Banking in Central and Eastern Eu rope 1980-2006, From Communism to Capitalism (200 7).pdf

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Stephen J. Lee - Lenin and Revolutionary Russia (2 003).jpg

Lenin and Revolutionary Russia examines the background to and the course of the Russian Revolution of 1917 and Lenin's regime. It explores all the key aspects such as the development of the Bolsheviks as a revolutionary party, the 1905 Revolution, the collapse of the Tsarists, the Russian Civil War and historical interpretations of Lenin's legacy to Russian history.

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Viktor Kuznetsov - NKVD protiv gestapo (2009).jpg

В 30-40-е гг. прошлого века шла ожесточенная, полная драматизма борьба между двумя сильнейшими разведками мира - советской и германской. Во многом от исхода этой борьбы зависело само существование СССР или гитлеровской Германии. У советской госбезопасности был действительно грозный и очень опасный противник - тем не менее он был полностью разбит на фронтах "невидимой войны"...
Автор данной книги, собирая материал, работал в основном с иностранными источниками. Благодаря этому ему удалось достать уникальные сведения о нашей разведке, действовавшей в Германии и ее сателлитах перед войной и в военные годы. Впервые вы узнаете достоверные сведения о заданиях наших агентов, способах передачи информации, шифрах и о многом другом из "тайной кухни" советской внешней разведки.

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Viktor Kuznetsov - NKVD protiv gestapo (2009).pdf

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Frederick C. Teiwes, Warren Sun - The End of the M aoist Era, Chinese Politics During the Twilight of the Cultural Revolution, 1972-1976 (2007).jpg

Communism - Frederick C. Teiwes, Warren Sun - The End of the Maois...e Twilight of the Cultural Revolution, 1972-1976 2007.jpg

This book launches an ambitious reexamination of the elite politics behind one of the most remarkable transformations in the late twentieth century. As the first part of a new interpretation of the evolution of Chinese politics during the years 1972-82, it provides a detailed study of the end of the Maoist era, demonstrating Mao's continuing dominance even as his ability to control events ebbed away. The tensions within the "gang of four," the different treatment of Zhou Enlai and Deng Xiaoping, and the largely unexamined role of younger radicals are analyzed to reveal a view of the dynamic of elite politics that is at odds with accepted scholarship. The authors draw upon newly available documentary sources and extensive interviews with Chinese participants and historians to develop their challenging interpretation of one of the most poorly understood periods in the history of the People's Republic of China.

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Frederick C. Teiwes, Warren Sun - The End of the M aoist Era, Chinese Politics During the Twilight of the Cultural Revolution, 1972-1976 (2007).pdf

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Erica Benner - Really Existing Nationalisms, A Pos t-Communist View from Marx and Engels (1996).jpg

This book counters a range of assumptions commonly held about Marx's views of nationalism and internationalism, not least by twentieth-century marxists themselves. It shows that Marx did not envisage the abolition of national communities or nation states; that the politics of nationalism in Marx is not incompatible with a politics of class; that Marx was repeatedly critical of a "utopian" internationalism, and that the themes of nationalism and international solidarity, far from being necessarily in opposition, can be seen in many cases as mutually reinforcing. Nationalism then emerges in Marxist theory as a form of political self-identification and mobilization that can contribute to the broader project of social and political freedom.

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Erica Benner - Really Existing Nationalisms, A Pos t-Communist View from Marx and Engels (1996).pdf

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Greta Lynn Uehling - Beyond Memory, The Crimean Ta tars' Deportation and Return (2004).jpg

In the final days of World War II, Stalin ordered the deportation of the entire Crimean Tatar population, nearly 200,000 people. Beyond Memory offers the first ethnographic exploration of this event, as well as the 50 year movement for repatriation. Many of the Crimean Tatars have returned in a process that involves squatting on vacant land and self-immolation. Uehling asks how they became willing to die for their national collectivity. She provides a fine-grained analysis of how "memories," sentiments, and dreams of a homeland never seen came to be shared. Uehling suggests the second-generation has a surprisingly instrumental role to play. The way children correct and intervene in parental narratives, dissidents challenge interrogators, and speakers borrow and trade lines index this social aspect of memory.

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1,5 MB
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Greta Lynn Uehling - Beyond Memory, The Crimean Ta tars' Deportation and Return (2004).pdf

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Marcel Mitrasca - Moldova, A Romanian Province Und er Russian Rule, Diplomatic History from the Archi ves of the Great Powers (2002).jpg

Communism - Marcel Mitrasca - Moldova, A Romanian Province Under R...ic History from the Archives of the Great Powers 2002.jpg

Focusing primarily on the Great Powers struggle surrounding the 1920 Bessarabian Treaty, this is a first-class research study presented within a broad historical context. Mitrasca is well acquainted with all the previous literature on the subject and reviews it objectively, pointing out the differences of opinion. He fully explains the US position (strongly favoring Russia) and gives Romanian diplomacy poor grades, noting that sometimes it tended to be incomprehensibly slow when quick action seemed necessary. So too, the domestic politics of the Romanian government were often unhelpful. Entirely new and original and based on research o f the Tokyo Foreign Ministry archives is the extended presentation of the Japanese rationale for vacillating and ultimately failing to ratify the treaty, hereby killing it. The author reveals for the first time how Japanese interests in fishing rights along the Russian Far East coast finally tipped the scales against ratification, despite pressure from Europe. This is by far the best one-volume presentation for the diplomatic side of the Bessarabian Question as it emerged at the end of WW I; at the same time it is a bibliographical mine for further study. A helpful historical and diplomatic chronology, several pages long, is included. Recommended for general readers and upper-division undergraduates through professionals. --L. K. D. Kristof, emeritus, Portland State University

According to Mitrasca, Romania s foreign policy in the 1920s foreshadows the politics of globalization in the late 20th and 21st centuries. Mitrasca, a scholar of diplomatic history affiliated with both Aoyama Gakuin University of Tokyo and Babes-Bolyai University in Romania, examines the Bessarabian Treaty, an agreement concluded at the end of World War I in accord with Woodrow Wilson s 14 points that would officially give Romania control of Moldova (Bessarabia). Great Britain, France, Italy, and Japan all signed this treaty with Romania. However, Japan refused to ratify it, and the United States also refused to acknowledge it, allowing the Soviet Union to take control of this geographically strategic land. Mitrasca conducted extensive research of unpublished documents from the national archives of Japan, Romania, Great Britain, France, and Italy to explore why the treaty was never enforced, what was at stake for each of the Great Power nations, and how a small country like Romania dealt with those more powerful countries that decided its fate. The result of his first full-length book in English is a thorough work about an often neglected subject targeted toward historians. Recommended for academic libraries.

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Marcel Mitrasca - Moldova, A Romanian Province Und er Russian Rule, Diplomatic History from the Archi ves of the Great Powers (2002).pdf

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Terrell Carver - The Cambridge companion to Marx ( 1991).jpg

Marx was a highly original and polymathic thinker, unhampered by disciplinary boundaries, whose intellectual influence has been enormous. Yet in the wake of the collapse of Marxism – Leninism in Eastern Europe, the question arises as to how important his work really is to us now.

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Michael Parrish - Soviet Security and Intelligence Organizations 1917-1990, A Biographical Dictionar y and Review of Literature in English (1992).jpg

Communism - Michael Parrish - Soviet Security and Intelligence Org...l Dictionary and Review of Literature in English 1992.jpg

One of the hallmarks of the Soviet system was its heavy reliance on internal and foreign security and intelligence organizations. Parrish's unique work provides biographies on some 4,000 officials in senior and mid-level positions who had served in Cheka, NKVD/RFSFR, GPU, KGB, Militia, Border Troop, and other organizations. Also included are officials of the Committee for State Control and promininent politicians with earlier ties to security organizations. In addition, Parrish surveys the English-language literature published from 1917 to 1990 which dealt with Soviet security and intelligence. The volume concludes with a biographical addendum, a glossary of terms, and material showing the development of the various security organizations.
Despite the collapse of the USSR, the Soviet security apparatus and its leaders remain a mystery. Several bibliographies concerning intelligence and espionage appeared in the early 1980s; none focuses specifically on the USSR. Biographies of police and intelligence officials are frequently available only through often unreliable Soviet sources. In this biobibliography, Sovietologist Michael Parrish attempts to remedy these deficiencies. The result is both impressive and frustrating. The organization is straightforward. A biographical section, the largest in the book, provides brief entries on 4,000 senior and mid-level officials holding positions in one or more of the security services from 1917 to 1990. The length and completeness for each varies with the importance of the subject and the amount of information available. A smaller section contains an annotated list of English-language books about Soviet police and intelligence agencies. Parrish (Indiana University) provides critical annotation for those works he regards as significant. However, Parrish gives those interested in the history of Soviet police and intelligence operations a starting point for research--particularly for biographies.

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Michael Parrish - Soviet Security and Intelligence Organizations 1917-1990, A Biographical Dictionar y and Review of Literature in English (1992).pdf

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Tajne sex akta KGB (The Secret KGB Sex Files - 200 1) polski lektor.rmvb

Sex to jedna z najpotężniejszych broni. Wiedzieli o tym rosyjscy politycy, którzy wykorzystywali go do manipulowania najważniejszymi ludźmi z całego świata. Poznaj prawdę o tym, ja zmienia się historia dzięki aktom KGB zawierającymi dość pikantny materiał filmowy.

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Michael E. Brown - The Historiography of Communism (2008).jpg

In this fresh appraisal of communism and anti-communism, with an emphasis on the American case, respected scholar Michael E. Brown examines the methods, controversies and difficulties involved in writing the history of communism. Arguing that one important way of understanding communism - other than as a concrete political or ideological force - is as an expression of an essentially reflexive aspect of society that typically manifests itself in social movements. In this regard, Brown understands the history of communism as part of the history of society. Examining works by E. P. Thompson, Karl Marx, and Pierre Clastres, Brown develops the idea of history as an immanent feature of human activities. Taken together, the essays in this book - written over a period of 20 years - offer a distinctive approach to the connections between social theory, criticism, and historiography and to what is 'social' about 'social movements'.

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Michael E. Brown - The Historiography of Communism (2008).pdf

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Stéphane Courtois, Nicolas Werth, Jean-Louis Panné , Andrzej Paczkowski, Karel Bartosek, Jean-Louis M argolin - The Black Book of Communism, Crimes, Ter ror, Repression (1999).jpg

Communism - Stphane Courtois, Nicolas Werth, Jean-Louis Pann, Andr...ck Book of Communism, Crimes, Terror, Repression 1999.jpg

This book amply documents the unparalleled position and significance of Communism in the hierarchy of violence that is the history of the twentieth century.

Already famous throughout Europe, this international bestseller plumbs recently opened archives in the former Soviet bloc to reveal the actual, practical accomplishments of Communism around the world: terror, torture, famine, mass deportations, and massacres. Astonishing in the sheer detail it amasses, the book is the first comprehensive attempt to catalogue and analyze the crimes of Communism over seventy years. "Revolutions, like trees, must be judged by their fruit," Ignazio Silone wrote, and this is the standard the authors apply to the Communist experience-in the China of "the Great Helmsman," Kim Il Sung's Korea, Vietnam under "Uncle Ho" and Cuba under Castro, Ethiopia under Mengistu, Angola under Neto, and Afghanistan under Najibullah. The authors, all distinguished scholars based in Europe, document Communist crimes against humanity, but also crimes against national and universal culture, from Stalin's destruction of hundreds of churches in Moscow to Ceausescu's leveling of the historic heart of Bucharest to the widescale devastation visited on Chinese culture by Mao's Red Guards. As the death toll mounts-as many as 25 million in the former Soviet Union, 65 million in China, 1.7 million in Cambodia, and on and on-the authors systematically show how and why, wherever the millenarian ideology of Communism was established, it quickly led to crime, terror, and repression.

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Stéphane Courtois, Nicolas Werth, Jean-Louis Panné , Andrzej Paczkowski, Karel Bartosek, Jean-Louis M argolin - The Black Book of Communism, Crimes, Ter ror, Repression (1999).djvu

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Archie Brown - The Rise and Fall of Communism (200 9).jpg

From the internationally acclaimed Oxford authority on Communism comes a definitive history that examines the origins of the ideology, its development in different nations, its collapse in many of those countries following perestroika, and its current incarnations around the globe. The Rise and Fall of Communism explores how and why Communists came to power; how they were able, in a variety of countries on different continents, to hold on to power for so long; and what brought about the downfall of so many Communist systems.
For this comprehensive and illuminating work, Brown draws on more than forty years of research and on a wealth of new sources. Tracing the story of Communism from its nineteenth-century roots, Brown explains both its expansion and its decline in the twentieth century. Even today, although Communism has been widely discredited in the West, more than a fifth of humanity still lives under its rule.

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Derek Sayer - Capitalism and Modernity, An Excursu s on Marx and Weber (1990).jpg

The nature of modernity, and its connection with capitalism, are questions at the heart of contemporary sociological debate. In Capitalism and Modernity, Derek Sayer critically re-examines the answers given by two of the greatest social theorists of capitalism, Karl Marx and Max Weber. He pres a fresh reading of both men's work, and breaks new ground in showing the remarkable relevance of their thought to the modern condition. From behind the well-worn stereotypes of "the Marx-Weber debate" emerges a disturbing critique of modern sociality, subjectivity, and power which has lost none of its intellectual force or moral relevance.
Clearly and compellingly written, Capitalism and Modernity is a major work of original scholarship. As an authoritative yet accessible commentary on a debate central to modern sociology and politics, this work is likely to become a seminal text in social theory.

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Derek Sayer - Capitalism and Modernity, An Excursu s on Marx and Weber (1990).pdf

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jacek_040 napisano 7.07.2023 12:53

JEŻELI ZNALAZŁEŚ U MNIE PLIK KTÓRY NIE SPEŁNIA OCZEKIWAŃ, NIE JEST ZGODNY Z OPISEM, DAJ KOMENTARZ, OCEŃ NEGATYWNIE I NAJLEPIEJ OPISZ GO W CHOMIKOWYCH ROZMOWACH. Może się tak zdarzyć, gdyż większość plików jest zachomikowana z innych chomików i nie była sprawdzona. Jeżeli tylko znajdę plik "fake", to go kasuję.

KevinPL6839 napisano 22.12.2024 05:04

Zapraszam

djsebabmw napisano 16.03.2025 05:42

dziala jak najardziej na Mio P560 mozna ze zwyklym Patcher 3.4.2 na Laptopie dziala rowniez Wystarczy podmienic plik mapy na ten z Katalogu EU (wczytaj mape) Prawdziwa mapa Dziala Dziekuje KOLEZKO

drozda123 napisano 5.04.2025 17:18

hasło

tedy1969 napisano 12.06.2025 19:13

nie działa

Stanmeyer napisano 13.08.2025 18:51

Działa. Należy postępować dokładnie wg. instrukcji.

d_mark napisano 15.08.2025 23:45

Nie pobierać. Nie działa GPS. Nie wgrywają się mapy. Cały czas wyświetla błąd nr 9. I nic nie pomaga. Musiałem wrócić do starego programu 6.11. Transfer poszedł się yebac

sumowo napisano 31.10.2025 09:57

to są puste foldery

tomaszch71 napisano 30.11.2025 08:45

jakie chaslo

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