In Search of a Political Philosophy is an analysis of the three democratic `isms'--conservatism, liberalism, and socialism--and of the distinct nature of the all-consuming ideology of Marxist communism. W. J. Stankiewicz is concerned with the conscious and unconscious assumptions of the proponents and followers of each ideology, and those of their theoreticians and critics.

Stankiewicz examines the norms by which political ideologies are characterized, and discusses which of these are given precedence. He provides an analysis of how each ideology views such issues as freedom and restraint, responsibility, equality, justice, power, authority, property, human nature and happiness. He also examines the areas of ideological contiguity and mutual influences, the sources of ideological incomprehension in our society, and the forces that split Western societies.

In Search of a Political Philosophy takes issue with the positions of some of our leading political theorists and represents an original contribution to political philosophy in its own right. It makes a stimulating and challenging contribution to the areas of politics, political philosophy, ethics, political and social theory, the history of political thought, and the history of ideas.

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W. J. Stankiewicz - In Search of a Political Philo sophy, Ideologies at the Close of the Twentieth Ce ntury (1993).pdf

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Esther Whitfield - Cuban Currency. The Dollar and ''Special Period'' Fiction (2008).jpg

With the collapse of the Soviet Union in the 1990s, during an economic crisis termed its “special period in times of peace,” Cuba began to court the capitalist world for the first time since its 1959 revolution. With the U.S. dollar instated as domestic currency, the island seemed suddenly accessible to foreign consumers, and their interest in its culture boomed.

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Esther Whitfield - Cuban Currency. The Dollar and ''Special Period'' Fiction (2008).pdf

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Siegfried Grundmann - The Einstein Dossiers, Scien ce and Politics, Einstein's Berlin Period with an Appendix on Einstein's FBI File (2005).jpg

Communism - Siegfried Grundmann - The Einstein Dossiers, Science a...in Period with an Appendix on Einsteins FBI File 2005.jpg

In 1919 the Prussian Ministry of Science, Arts and Culture opened a dossier on "Einstein's Theory of Relativity." It was rediscovered by the author in 1961 and is used in conjunction with numerous other subsequently identified 'Einstein' files as the basis of this fascinating book. In particular, the author carefully scrutinizes Einstein's FBI file from 1950-55 against mostly unpublished material from European including Soviet sources and presents hitherto unknown documentation on Einstein's alleged contacts with the German Communist Party and the Comintern. Siegfried Grundmann's thorough study of Einstein's participation on a committee of the League of Nations, based on archival research in Geneva, is also new.

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Siegfried Grundmann - The Einstein Dossiers, Scien ce and Politics, Einstein's Berlin Period with an Appendix on Einstein's FBI File (2005).pdf

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John Earl Haynes, Harvey Klehr - Early Cold War Sp ies, The Espionage Trials that Shaped American Pol itics (2006).jpg

Communism - John Earl Haynes, Harvey Klehr - Early Cold War Spies,...e Espionage Trials that Shaped American Politics 2006.jpg

Communism was never a popular ideology in America, but the vehemence of American anticommunism varied from passive disdain in the 1920s to fervent hostility in the early years of the Cold War. Nothing so stimulated the white hot anticommunism of the late 1940s and 1950s more than a series of spy trials that revealed that American Communists had co-operated with Soviet espionage against the United States and had assisted in stealing the technical secrets of the atomic bomb as well as penetrating the U.S. State Department, the Treasury Department, and the White House itself. This book reviews the major spy cases of the early Cold War (Hiss-Chambers, Rosenberg, Bentley, Gouzenko, Coplon, Amerasia and others) and the often-frustrating clashes between the exacting rules of the American criminal justice system and the requirements of effective counter-espionage.

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John Earl Haynes, Harvey Klehr - Early Cold War Sp ies, The Espionage Trials that Shaped American Pol itics (2006).pdf

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Elisabeth L Tamedly - Socialism and international economic order (1969).jpg

FOREWORD

THE CREATION OF AN efficient institutional framework for regulating international economic relations is one of the fundamental concerns of economists. Theorists and practitioners recognize that international trade has been one of the major sources of economic wellbeing; they know that no state can renounce such a wealthgenerating activity. Yet, the increase of obstacles to the interchange of goods and services between nations since 1914 has led to what is generally termed economic disintegraion.
A great deal of literature undertakes to describe and analyze these various obstacles. However, little effort has been devoted to the investigation of the fundamental causes of economic disintegration—causes that can only be explained by theories and philosophies that engender changes in the internal economic and political orders of nations. This study is an inquiry into these fundamental determinants of international economic cooperation.
These determinants will be more easily understood if the primary characteristics of an international economic order are examined. Two such characteristics can be distinguished. The first concerns relationships among individuals residing in different areas of the world who deal with each other on the basis of private interests. Clearly, the problem of their economic intercourse on a worldwide level is essentially identical to that with which any restricted community is faced. This problem has been solved in the past by the establishment of private law which delineates certain minimum standards of behavior and is enforced by the community.
The second aspect of the problem is inherent in the existence of sovereign national states. For centuries, men have attempted to devise a system of international law that could subject states, as private law subjects individuals, to the rule of commonly accepted codes and to the judgments of an international arbitration agency in cases of disputes between national governments. All these systems have been frustrated by the fact that the creation of an international coercive force which would automatically enter into action when any state refused to comply with the provisions of international law has been regarded as an inadmissible interference with sovereignty. Even universal and compulsory recourse to a supranational court is usually rejected on the same grounds.
Intergovernmental relations therefore have a fundamentally anarchic character. Ultimately, of course, they, too, constitute human relationships, but with the difference that they are based not on a convened standard of right and wrong, but on power. It is a country's political and military strength, on the one hand, and the political and military strength of its opponents, on the other, that form both the basis and the limit of national aspirations. The last resort is war which, as Karl von Clausewitz said, is "nothing but the continuation of state policy with other
means."[...]

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Elisabeth L Tamedly - Socialism and international economic order (1969).pdf

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Terrell Carver - Engels, A Very Short Introduction (2003).jpg

It is by no means absurd to say that Engels invented Marxism. His work did more than Marx's to attract and make converts to the most influential political movement of modern times. He was not only the father of dialectical and historical materialism--the official philosophies of history and
science in many communist countries--but was also the first Marxist historian, anthropologist, philosopher, and commentator on early Marx.
In his later years Engels developed his materialist interpretation of history, his chief intellectual legacy, which has had revolutionary effects on the arts and social sciences. Terrell Carver traces its source and its effect on the development of Marxist theory and practice, assesses its utility,
and discusses the difficulties which Marxists have encountered in defending it.

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Peter Singer - Marx, A Very Short Introduction (19 96).jpg

Peter Singer identifies the central vision that unifies Marx's thought, enabling us to grasp Marx's views as a whole. He sees him as a philosopher primarily concerned with human freedom, rather than as an economist or a social scientist. In plain English, he explains alienation, historical materialism, the economic theory of Capital, and Marx's ideas of communism, and concludes with an assessment of Marx's legacy.

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Alain Badiou - The Communist Hypothesis (2010).jpg

Now, more than ever, one should insist on what Badiou calls the ‘eternal’ Idea of Communism. (Slavoj Zizek )
An heir to Jean-Paul Sartre and Louis Althusser. (Lucy Wadham - New Statesman )
Shaking the foundations of Western liberal democracy. (Times Higher Education Supplement )
Product Description
A new program for the Left after the death of neoliberalism. ‘We know that communism is the right hypothesis. All those who abandon this hypothesis immediately resign themselves to the market economy, to parliamentary democracy—the form of state suited to capitalism—and to the inevitable and “natural” character of the most monstrous inequalities.’—Alain Badiou
Alain Badiou’s ‘communist hypothesis’, first stated in 2008, cut through the cant and compromises of the past twenty years to reconceptualize the Left. The hypothesis is a fresh demand for universal emancipation and a galvanizing call to arms. Anyone concerned with the future of the planet needs to reckon with the ideas outlined within this book.

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Alain Badiou - The Communist Hypothesis (2010).pdf

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Jon Lee Anderson - Che Guevara, A Revolutionary Li fe (2010).jpg

Even to those without Marxist sympathies, Che Guevara (1928-67) was a dashing, charismatic figure: the asthmatic son of an aristocratic Argentine family whose sympathy for the world's oppressed turned him into a socialist revolutionary, the valued comrade-in-arms of Cuba's Fidel Castro and a leader of guerilla warfare in Latin America and Africa. Journalist Jon Lee Anderson's lengthy and absorbing portrait captures the complexities of international politics (revolutionary and counter); his painstaking research has unearthed a remarkable amount of new material, including information about Guevara's death at the hands of the Bolivian military.

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Scharon M. Hanes, Richard C. Hanes - Cold War, Bio graphies Vol 1 - 6 (2003).jpeg

Sometimes single events alter the course of history; other times, a chain reaction of seemingly lesser occurrences changes the path of nations. The intense rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union that emerged immediately after World War II (1939–45) followed the second pattern. Known as the Cold War, the rivalry grew out of mutual distrust between two starkly different societies: communist Soviet Union and the democratic West, which was led by the United States and included Western Europe.

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Scharon M. Hanes, Richard C. Hanes - Cold War, Bio graphies Vol 1 - 6 (2003) [PDF x 6].rar

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R. W. Davies, Oleg V. Khlevniuk, E. A. Rees - The Stalin-Kaganovich Correspondence, 1931-36 (2003).jpg

From 1931 to 1936, Stalin vacationed at his Black Sea residence for two to three months each year. While away from Moscow, he relied on correspondence with his subordinates to receive information, watch over the work of the Politburo and the government, give orders, and express his opinions. This volume publishes translations of 180 handwritten letters and coded telegrams exchanged during this period between Stalin and his most highly trusted deputy, Lazar Kaganovich. The collection of letters - all previously classified top secret - provides an account of the mainsprings of Soviet policy while Stalin was consolidating his position as personal dictator. The correspondence records his positions on major internal and foreign affairs decisions and reveals his opinions about fellow members of the Politburo and other senior figures. Written during the years of agricultural collectivization, forced industrialization, famine, repression, and Soviet rearmament in the face of threats from Germany and Japan, these letters should be a useful historical resource for all students of the Stalin regime and Soviet history.

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David Gillespie - Early Soviet Cinema, Innovation, Ideology and Propaganda (2000).jpg

Early Soviet Cinema: Innovation, Ideology and Propaganda examinesthe aesthetics of Soviet cinema during its golden age of the 1920s, against a background of cultural ferment and the construction of a new socialist society. Separate chapters are devoted to the work of Sergei Eisenstein, Lev Kuleshov, Vsevolod Pudovkin, Dziga Vertov and Alexander Dovzhenko. David Gillespie places primary focus on the text, with analysis concentrating on the artistic qualities, rather than the political implications, of each film.

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David Gillespie - Early Soviet Cinema, Innovation, Ideology and Propaganda (2000).pdf

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Andrzej Garlicki - Tajne archiwa PRL (2002).jpg

TW Pedagog
W Wyższej Szkole Pedagogicznej przy ul. Myśliwieckiej w Warszawie, która potem została wchłonięta przez Uniwersytet Warszawski, działał na początku lat 50. agent, który został zarejestrowany jako TW Pedagog. Pedagog to, według składającego raporty oficera bezpieki, prof. Andrzej Garlicki. Dotarliśmy do teczek TW Pedagoga. Został on zarejestrowany jako współpracownik 26 listopada 1953 r. Był wtedy studentem. Z dokumentów, które znajdują się w IPN (zapoznał się z nimi m.in. historyk dr Jan Żaryn), wynika, że podjął współpracę z pobudek ideologicznych - nie pobierał wynagrodzenia. Z notatek sporządzonych przez oficera prowadzącego wynika, że Pedagog chciał donosić na kolegów z uczelni, którzy mieli "nieprawomyślne poglądy i burżuazyjne odchylenia".

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Wlodzimierz Brus, Kazimierz Laski - From Marx to t he Market, Socialism in Search of an Economic Syst em (1991).jpg

Communism - Wlodzimierz Brus, Kazimierz Laski - From Marx to the M...Market, Socialism in Search of an Economic System 1991.jpg

Distinguished economists Brus and Laski--who were involved with the Planning Office of the Polish economy in the 1950s and 1960s--here develop a theoretical system of economic management which avoids the failings of both market capitalism and central planning. This book examines Marxists claim to socialism's economic rationality and studies the application of the concept in the "real socialism" of Communist party orthodoxy as well as in the tentative attempts at "market socialism", particularly in Hungary and Yugoslavia. The analysis focuses on general features of the evolution of the socialist economic system, but national experiences are used to point out the advances that have been made and the flaws in the theoretical models that have been developed.

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Wlodzimierz Brus, Kazimierz Laski - From Marx to t he Market, Socialism in Search of an Economic Syst em (1991).PDF

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Shari J.Cohen - Politics without a Past, The Absen ce of History in Postcommunist Nationalism (1999).jpg

In Politics without a PastShari J. Cohen offers a powerful challenge to common characterizations of postcommunist politics as either a resurgence of aggressive nationalism or an evolution toward Western-style democracy. Cohen draws upon extensive field research to paint a picture of postcommunist political life in which ideological labels are meaningless and exchangeable at will, political parties appear and disappear regularly, and citizens remain unengaged in the political process. In contrast to the conventional wisdom, which locates the roots of widespread intranational strife in deeply rooted national identities from the past, Cohen argues that a profound ideological vacuum has fueled destructive tension throughout postcommunist Europe and the former Soviet Union. She uses Slovakia as a case study to reveal that communist regimes bequeathed an insidious form of historical amnesia to the majority of the political elite and the societies they govern. Slovakia was particularly vulnerable to communist intervention since its precommunist national consciousness was so weak and its only period of statehood prior to 1993 was as a Nazi puppet-state. To demonstrate her argument, Cohen focuses on Slovakiars"s failure to forge a collective memory of the World War II experience. She shows how communist socialization prevented Slovaks from tying their individual family stories-of the Jewish deportations, of the anti-Nazi resistance, or of serving in the wartime government-to a larger historical narrative shared with others, leaving them bereft of historical or moral bearings. Politics without a Pastdevelops an analytical framework that will be important for future research in Eastern Europe, the former Soviet Union, and beyond. Scholars in political science, history, East European and post-Soviet studies will find Cohenrs"s methodology and conclusions enlightening. For policymakers, diplomats, and journalists who deal with the region, she offers valuable insights into the elusive nature of postcommunist societies.

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Shari J.Cohen - Politics without a Past, The Absen ce of History in Postcommunist Nationalism (1999).djvu

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Wendy Larson - From Ah Q to Lei Feng, Freud and Re volutionary Spirit in 20th Century China (2008).jpg

When Freudian sexual theory hit China in the early 20th century, it ran up against competing models of the mind from both Chinese tradition and the new revolutionary culture. Chinese theorists of the mind—both traditional intellectuals and revolutionary psychologists— steadily put forward the anti-Freud: a mind shaped not by deep interiority that must be excavated by professionals, but shaped instead by social and cultural interactions.
Chinese novelists and film directors understood this focus and its relationship to Mao's revolutionary ethos, and much of the literature of twentieth-century China reflects the spiritual qualities of the revolutionary mind. From Ah Q to Lei Feng investigates the continual clash of these contrasting models of the mind provided by Freud and revolutionary Chinese culture, and explores how writers and filmmakers negotiated with the implications of each model.

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Wendy Larson - From Ah Q to Lei Feng, Freud and Re volutionary Spirit in 20th Century China (2008).pdf

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David Irving - Uprising!, One Nation's Nightmare, Hungary 1956 (2001).jpg

On October 25, 1981, the anniversary, the Hungarian Freedom Fighters Association of Great Britain awarded to David Irving their medal:

The best work on the 1956 Uprising in the English language.

-- Ferenc Kunszabó, editor, Hunnia magazine (Budapest).

The Sunday Independent (Dublin): "The book is classic popular history, based on the sort of research that is truly awesome. In one magnificent sweep Irving has totally redeemed himself. He should now be allowed to take his rightful place against the very best of our popular historians. 'Uprising' is in every sense of the word uplifting."

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CIA - Preparing for Martial Law, Through the Eyes of Colonel Ryszard Kuklinski.jpg

A captivating collection of over 75 documents concerning the planning and implementation martial law in Poland from mid-1980 to late 1981. The collection release coincided with a CIA symposium honoring Colonel Ryszard Kuklinski, a member of the Polish Army General Staff and the source of the documents. His information provided documents and personal commentary that gave intelligence analysts and US policy makers invaluable insight into the crisis.

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CIA - Preparing for Martial Law, Through the Eyes of Colonel Ryszard Kuklinski.pdf

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jacek_040 napisano 7.07.2023 12:53

JEŻELI ZNALAZŁEŚ U MNIE PLIK KTÓRY NIE SPEŁNIA OCZEKIWAŃ, NIE JEST ZGODNY Z OPISEM, DAJ KOMENTARZ, OCEŃ NEGATYWNIE I NAJLEPIEJ OPISZ GO W CHOMIKOWYCH ROZMOWACH. Może się tak zdarzyć, gdyż większość plików jest zachomikowana z innych chomików i nie była sprawdzona. Jeżeli tylko znajdę plik "fake", to go kasuję.

KevinPL6839 napisano 22.12.2024 05:04

Zapraszam

djsebabmw napisano 16.03.2025 05:42

dziala jak najardziej na Mio P560 mozna ze zwyklym Patcher 3.4.2 na Laptopie dziala rowniez Wystarczy podmienic plik mapy na ten z Katalogu EU (wczytaj mape) Prawdziwa mapa Dziala Dziekuje KOLEZKO

drozda123 napisano 5.04.2025 17:18

hasło

tedy1969 napisano 12.06.2025 19:13

nie działa

Stanmeyer napisano 13.08.2025 18:51

Działa. Należy postępować dokładnie wg. instrukcji.

d_mark napisano 15.08.2025 23:45

Nie pobierać. Nie działa GPS. Nie wgrywają się mapy. Cały czas wyświetla błąd nr 9. I nic nie pomaga. Musiałem wrócić do starego programu 6.11. Transfer poszedł się yebac

sumowo napisano 31.10.2025 09:57

to są puste foldery

tomaszch71 napisano 30.11.2025 08:45

jakie chaslo

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