An examination of the nature of popular government and oligarchy in towns and cities throughout Renaissance Italy, and of the reasons why broadly-based civic governments were losing ground.

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Christine Shaw - Popular Government and Oligarchy in Renaissance Italy (2006).pdf

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Andrew H. Gordon, Calvin W. Schwabe - The Quick An d The Dead, Biomedical Theory in Ancient Egypt (20 04).jpg

This volume uses a cross-disciplinary approach to examine the origins of ancient Egyptian medicine in the domestication, care and sacrifice of cattle. Ritual cattle sacrifice in Egypt led to a rudimentary understanding of animal anatomy and physiology, which was then applied to humans. Two original theories developed from this comparative medicine: Life as movement, especially seen in the fasciolations of excised limbs, and the male's role in reproduction. Discussions include Egypt as a cattle culture, the ka as an animating force, 'living flesh,' the possible animal origins of the ankh, djed and was hieroglyphs, the bull's foreleg and the Opening-of-the-Mouth ritual, Egypt's healing establishment, and veterinary medicine as it relates to the origin of human medicine.

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Andrew H. Gordon, Calvin W. Schwabe - The Quick An d The Dead, Biomedical Theory in Ancient Egypt (20 04).pdf

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Olaf Asbach, Peter Schroder - War, the State and I nternational Law in Seventeenth-Century Europe (20 10).jpeg

One of the great paradoxes of post-medieval Europe, is why instead of bringing peace to a disorganized and violent world, modernity instead produced a seemingly endless string of conflicts and social upheavals. Why was it that the foundation and institutionalization of secured peace and the rule of law seemed to go hand-in-hand with the proliferation of war and the violation of individual and collective rights? In order to try to better understand such profound questions, this volume explores the history and theories of political thought of international relations in the seventeenth century, a period in which many of the defining features and boundaries of modern Europe where fixed and codified. With the discovery of the New World, and the fundamental impact of the Reformation, the complexity of international relations increased considerably. Reactions to these upheavals resulted in a range of responses intended to address the contradictions and conflicts of the anarchical society of states. Alongside the emergence of 'modern' international law, the equation of international relations with the state of nature, and the development of the 'balance of power', diplomatic procedures and commercial customs arose which shaped the emerging (and current) international system of states. Employing a multidisciplinary approach to address these issues, this volume brings together political scientists, philosophers, historians of political thought, jurists and scholars of international relations. What emerges is a certain tension between the different strands of research which allows for a fruitful new synthesis. In this respect the assembled essays in this volume offer a sophisticated and fresh account of the interactions of law, conflict and the nation state in an early-modern European context.

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Cathal J. Nolan - The Concise Encyclopedia of Worl d War II, 2 Volume Set (2010).jpg

This “concise” work seeks to provide a synthesis one of the most complex and expansive subjects of the twentieth century and possibly human history into a usable reference tool. In addition to focusing on significant battles, leaders, politics, and diplomacy, author Nolan (International History Institute) devotes considerable attention to issues on the eastern front as well as the effects of the war on peripheral participants and neutrals. Although there is some discussion of related facts, this is not an encyclopedia of the home front, social movements, or the Holocaust. For the most part, this is a work dedicated to the operations, campaigns, battles, and principal political and military actors in what was the most destructive total war to date. Each volume begins with a comprehensive list of entries and 20 black-and-white maps representing engagements in all theaters of the war, for example, the Battle of the Bulge and Leyte Gulf. The alphabetically arranged entries range in length from single lines (Command post, Dime Force, Interdiction, S-phone) to up to several pages for key individuals (Hermann Goring, Henri Pétain), battles, campaigns, and operations (Ardennes Offensive, Philippines, TORCH) as well as general terms (Aircraft carriers, Fascism, Rations). Other examples of entries include Blockade running, Eastern front, Imperial Japanese Navy, RADAR, U-boats, and Yalta Conference. Most of the larger entries include a suggested reading. Numerous see and see also references aid in navigation. Volume 2 concludes with a comprehensive index and a 32-page categorized, select bibliography for further research. Although any work attempting to cover such a huge topic concisely faces the twin pitfalls of selection and exclusion, Nolan has brought his considerable talents and flair for economic and engaging writing to the task and produced what is certainly an impressive reference work, recommended for larger public libraries and undergraduate collections. It may not be a necessary purchase for libraries that already own the five-volume Encyclopedia of World War II: A Political, Social, and Military History (2005), which has numerous black-and-white photographs and several hundred documents in addition to many more entries. Also available as an e-book. --Brian Odom

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Cathal J. Nolan - The Concise Encyclopedia of Worl d War II, 2 Volume Set (2010).pdf

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Michael Broers - The Napoleonic Empire in Italy, 1 796-1814 (2005).jpg

Cultural imperialism and acculturation find close counterparts in many of the policies and attitudes of Napoleonic administrators in their Italian provinces, explored here from the rich archival sources of the Parisian and Italian archives, long neglected by scholars. Broers repositions the context in which the Napoleonic empire can be studied, and reconfigures the political and historical geography of Italy, in the century before its Unification in 1859.

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Vladimir Dolinek - Illustriertes Lexikon der Handf euerwaffen (1998).jpg

Büchsen, Pistolen, Flinten, Musketen
Von den ersten Eisenlauf-Feuerwaffen des 14. Jahrhunderts über die Radschlossbüchsen des 16. und die Dopppelflinten des 18. Jahrhunderts bis zum Colt Army Revolver (1848) und britischen Lee-Enfield-Gewehr (1895): die Geschichte der Handfeuerwaffen.
Mit · über 250 brillanten Fabfotos · Hintergrundinfos · Register · Fachbegriffs-Erläuterungen.

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Vladimir Dolinek - Illustriertes Lexikon der Handf euerwaffen (1998).pdf

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Holger H. Herwig - The Marne, 1914, The Opening of World War I and the Battle That Changed the World (2011).jpg

Historia2 - Holger H. Herwig - The Marne, 1914, The Opening of Wor...World War I and the Battle That Changed the World 2011.jpg

Herwig's engrossing narrative of the first battle of the Marne in 1914, really a history of the first six weeks of fighting on the western front, treats the clash as a study in best-laid plans gone awry. The chaos and miscalculation that derailed both the German and French armies' meticulously wrought strategies owed much, Herwig shows, to a new and ghastly style of warfare in which machine guns and heavy artillery rendered courage irrelevant. But his account is also an analysis of generalship, pitting the German commander, Helmuth von Moltke, a weak leader who lost his grip on his armies in the midst of dazzling successes, and French Gen. Joseph Joffre, who imperturbably slapped together new defenses amid disastrous defeats. Herwig combines colorful evocations of the horrors of the fighting with a lucid operational history of the campaign. An immense bloodbath that was supposed to be climactic but proved only a prelude to worse carnage, the Marne becomes, in Herwig's telling, an apt microcosm of the war to end all wars. 16 pages of b&w photos; maps.

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Holger H. Herwig - The Marne, 1914, The Opening of World War I and the Battle That Changed the World (2011).pdf

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Jared Diamond - Guns, Germs, and Steel, The Fates of Human Societies (1999).jpg

Explaining what William McNeill called The Rise of the West has become the central problem in the study of global history. In Guns, Germs, and Steel Jared Diamond presents the biologist's answer: geography, demography, and ecological happenstance. Diamond evenhandedly reviews human history on every continent since the Ice Age at a rate that emphasizes only the broadest movements of peoples and ideas. Yet his survey is binocular: one eye has the rather distant vision of the evolutionary biologist, while the other eye--and his heart--belongs to the people of New Guinea, where he has done field work for more than 30 years.

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L. Curtis Jr., L. Perry Curtis - Jack the Ripper a nd the London Press (2001).jpg

Filling a perceived gap in "Ripperature," Curtis examines how 14 London newspapers covered the Whitechapel murders attributed to Jack the Ripper in 1888. Curtis (history, emeritus, Brown) begins with a brief account of the crimes and a description of the impoverished East End of London, where the murders occurred. He then devotes three chapters to the state of Victorian journalism, with emphasis on how murders and other sensational news were reported. Only about half of the book actually analyzes the Ripper reportage, which, like today's journalism, reflected the social, political, and moral climate of the time. Although Victorian sensibilities dictated that certain details be sanitized or omitted altogether, competition among the daily and weekly papers led each to devote increasing space to the investigations and to the associated speculation and analysis. With its decidedly Anglocentric vocabulary and with close to 700 endnotes (many containing details that are far from marginal), this scholarly work may prove slow going for the amateur U.S. Ripperologist.

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Robert Graves - New Larousse Encyclopedia Of Mytho logy (1987).jpg

In his illuminating introduction, Robert Graves discusses the function of myth. He claims that in the first place, it serves to answer the type of awkward questions that children ask, like Who made the world or Who were the first people? The second function of myth is to justify an existing social system and to account for traditional customs and rites.

Graves points out how myths of origin and eventual extinction vary according to the climate and that one finds a warm celestial afterworld in the north or a fresh flowered Elysian Field in Greece. He also deals with the Akan of Ghana and with Egypt and India. His conclusion is that myth is a dramatic shorthand record of stuff like invasions, migrations, dynastic changes, admission of foreign cults and social reforms. For example, when bread was first introduced in Greece, the myth of Demeter and Triptolemus sanctified its use.

The Encyclopedia investigates prehistoric mythology and that of Egypt, Assyro-Babylonia, Phoenicia, Greece, Rome, Persia, India, China, Japan, Oceania and that of the Celts, the Teutons, the Amerindians and Africans. It contains 34 colour plates and hundred of black and white illustrations and it concludes with a further reading list divided under different headings reflecting its chapter contents, plus a thorough index.

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Robert Graves - New Larousse Encyclopedia Of Mytho logy (1987).pdf

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Hew Strachan - The First World War (2005).jpg

One of the leading historians of WWI offers this superior one-volume version of his massive projected three-volume work, the first volume of which, To Arms, clocked in at 1250-plus pages last year. Strachan strenuously avoids the traditional focus on the Western Front (and the British) and the conventional assumptions of generals' stupidity and soldiers' valor. The war as he sees it was a race among generals on all sides to create new weapons and tactics faster than their opponents, a race that the Triple Entente won. It was also a race among soldiers to fight with these new weapons and tactics instead of raw courage and numbers wherever possible. Yet Russia and the Dual Monarchy of the Austro-Hungarian Empire were totally unfit for a large modern war (one reason the czar and his empire fell in 1917) and were a source of fatal weakness to Germany's alliance even before Italy changed sides. The political background (including the rising consciousness of colonial nationalities conscripted for the war), social consequences and diplomatic finagling all face an equal amount of revision, leaving the book organized more thematically than chronologically. Readers already familiar with the sequence of events in strict order will benefit most. But all readers will eventually be gripped, and even the most seasoned ones will praise the insights and the original choice of illustrations. This is likely to be the most indispensable one-volume work on the subject since John Keegan's First World War, and will draw serious readers to the larger work.

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Roderick Floud, Paul Johnson - The Cambridge Soci al History of Britain (1990).jpg

The final volume discusses the institutions that affected social conditions and influenced values and attitudes. Social policies were made for the most part by the comfortably off and those in power for the supposed good of the less fortunate. Contributors to this volume examine these initiatives with regard to, among others, the development of health care, philanthropy and the voluntary sector, the police and crime, professional associations and unions.

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Oberkommando der Wehrmacht - Sieg über Frankreich, Berichte und Bilder (1940).jpg

Historia2 - Oberkommando der Wehrmacht - Sieg ber Frankreich, Berichte und Bilder 1940.jpg

Nazi history of the Battle for France in 1940; many photos.

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Oberkommando der Wehrmacht - Sieg über Frankreich, Berichte und Bilder (1940).pdf

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Wolfgang Willrich - Des Reiches Soldaten (1943).jpg

Extremely rare illustrations of 'Soldiers of the Reich' depicting "racial beauty" and aryan features. Much of Willrich's work was destoyed after the war, increasing the rarity value of this book.

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Wolfgang Willrich - Des Reiches Soldaten (1943).pdf

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Osprey - Weapon 03 - Sean McLachlan - Medieval Han dgonnes (2010).jpg

In the early 14th century, a new weapon entered the arsenals of European armies. This first generation of black powder weapons put fear into the heart of the enemy and in 1453 Ottoman cannon succeeded in pummelling the once-impregnable walls of Constantinople. But cannons, which are both slow and cumbersome, were difficult to use and often proved inaccurate. The first handgonnes were the answer. Easily dismissed by later historians as nothing more than crude tubes that shot wildly inaccurate lead balls, more recent research has revealed the true accuracy of the medieval handgonne together with its penetrative power. This volume, complete with detailed illustrations and colour photographs of reconstructed handgonnes, reveals the true history of what could easily have been the most revolutionary weapon in history.This book will be a must for medieval enthusiasts and re-enactors.

Contents
* Introduction
* Development
* Use
* Impact
* Conclusion

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Anjana M. Chandra - India Condensed, 5,000 Years o f History & Culture (2009).jpg

India Condensed is a book for anyone who needs a quick introduction to India. History, philosophy, religion, language, literature, arts and culture are all discussed in this lively and accessible text. More than a dry recitation of dates, names and events, the topics covered range from stories and legends to current facts and observations. Thousands of years of history, culture and civilization are distilled into one handy book for easy reference.

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Anjana M. Chandra - India Condensed, 5,000 Years o f History & Culture (2009).pdf

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Paul Tiyambe Zeleza, Dickson Eyoh - Encyclopedia o f Twentieth-Century African History (2002).jpg

The focus of this dictionary-style work is the past century of African history, covering decades of tremendous change, including resistance to colonial rule and the reestablishment of African independence. Global forces that had an impact on the continent are also considered. An article, for example, on the cold war details the effect of the conflict between the U.S and USSR on Africa. Although the emphasis is clearly the twentieth century, entries place their topics in context: the long article on Christianity considers the churches established in Egypt in the first centuries after Christ as well as the nineteenth-century missionary movements before considering modern developments. Articles on Islam, Arabic language, and slavery are similarly contextual. The scope includes North Africa and sub-Saharan Africa.

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Paul Tiyambe Zeleza, Dickson Eyoh - Encyclopedia o f Twentieth-Century African History (2002).pdf

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Greg Bankoff, Peter Boomgaard - A History of Natu ral Resources in Asia (2007).jpg

Much has been written about the wealth of nations, the history of unequal distribution of wealth, and the creation of zones of affluence and deprivation, both within and between societies. This book sets out to explore why some Asian nations are more prosperous than others through an examination of how their interaction with and utilization of resources has changed over the centuries.

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Greg Bankoff, Peter Boomgaard - A History of Natu ral Resources in Asia (2007).pdf

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Angus Mackay, David Ditchburn - Atlas of Medieval Europe (1997).jpeg

Covering the period from the fall of the Roman Empire through to the beginnings of the Renaissance, this indispensable volume investigates the major political, social and cultural changes, showing their spread throughout the middle ages. It uses the most recent developments in scholarship.

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