This new resource provides essential information and critical insights into nineteenth-century thought and nineteenth-century thinkers. Covering the years 1789 to 1914, Encyclopedia of Nineteenth-Century Thought is alphabetically organized and consists of:
· Principal entries, divided into ideas (4000 words) and persons (2500 words)
· Subsidiary entries of 1000 words, which are entirely biographical
· Informational entries of 500 words, which are also biographical.
From Immanuel Kant to Simon Bolivar; Charles Darwin to Elizabeth Stanton Cady; political economy to Japanese thought in the Nineteenth Century, the Encyclopedia of Nineteenth-Century Thought covers not only social and political thinking, but also philosophy, economics, science, religion, law, art, concepts of modernity, the body and health, and much more.

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Gregory Claeys - Encyclopedia of Nineteenth Centur y Thought (2004).pdf

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David Deming - Science and Technology in World His tory, Vol. 1, The Ancient World and Classical Civi lization (2010).jpg

Historia2 - David Deming - Science and Technology in World History.... 1, The Ancient World and Classical Civilization 2010.jpg

Science is a living, organic activity, the meaning and understanding of which have evolved incrementally over human history. This book, the first in a roughly chronological series, explores the development of the methodology and major ideas of science, in historical context, from ancient times to the decline of classical civilizations around 300 A.D. It includes details specific to the histories of specialized sciences including astronomy, medicine and physics--along with Roman engineering and Greek philosophy. It closely describes the contributions of such individuals as Pythagoras, Hippocrates, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Alexander the Great, Euclid, Archimedes, Ptolemy, Seneca, Pliny the Elder, and Galen.

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David Deming - Science and Technology in World His tory, Vol. 1, The Ancient World and Classical Civi lization (2010).pdf

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Kocku von Stuckrad - Locations of Knowledge in Med ieval and Early Modern Europe (2010).jpg

Addressing discourses of perfect knowledge in Western culture between 1200 and 1800, this book integrates the study of Western esotericism in a larger analytical framework of European history of religion.

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Faye Getz – Medicine in the English Middle Ages (1 998).jpg

This book presents an engaging, detailed portrait of the people, ideas, and beliefs that made up the world of English medieval medicine between 750 and 1450, a time when medical practice extended far beyond modern definitions. The institutions of court, church, university, and hospital--which would eventually work to separate medical practice from other duties--had barely begun to exert an influence in medieval England, writes Faye Getz. Sufferers could seek healing from men and women of all social ranks, and the healing could encompass spiritual, legal, and philosophical as well as bodily concerns. Here the author presents an account of practitioners (English Christians, Jews, and foreigners), of medical works written by the English, of the emerging legal and institutional world of medicine, and of the medical ideals present among the educated and social elite.

How medical learning gained for itself an audience is the central argument of this book, but the journey, as Getz shows, was an intricate one. Along the way, the reader encounters the magistrates of London, who confiscate a bag said by its owner to contain a human head capable of learning to speak, and learned clerical practitioners who advise people on how best to remain healthy or die a good death. Islamic medical ideas as well as the poetry of Chaucer come under scrutiny. Among the remnants of this far distant medical past, anyone may find something to amuse and something to admire.

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Faye Getz – Medicine in the English Middle Ages (1 998).pdf

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Wayn te Brake, Wim Klooster - Power And the City i n the Netherlandic World (2005).jpg

In the absence of a powerful state, how was coercive power established within, over, and by the cities of the Low Countries? Eleven chapters covering the medieval and early modern periods explore this theme from various angles. Some chapters detail symbolic contests or armed struggle, while others focus on industrial control by urban magistrates or their attempts to regulate servants and maintain religious orthodoxy. The essays suggest that the Netherlandic world, in which cities have always loomed large, may have followed a distinctive path of political development that characterized the urban belt of Europe more generally. As such, this volume aims to create new understandings of the place of the Low Countries in European history.

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Wayn te Brake, Wim Klooster - Power And the City i n the Netherlandic World (2005).pdf

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John Merriman - The Scribner Library of Modern Eur ope, Since 1914, 5 vol. set (2006).jpeg

This set presents Europe's major historical events between 1914 and 2005 and explores the political, military, social, cultural, and technological transformations of this period. Additionally, the encyclopedia examines Europe's global influence and European unification. Edited by two professors of history at Yale University, it is the companion to Europe 1789 to 1914: Encyclopedia of the Age of Industry and Empire (2006).

The scope of the encyclopedia is extensive. It contains 920 alphabetically arranged articles, beginning with Abortionand ending with Zyklon B.Entries range in length from approximately one to seven pages. Articles are signed and include cross-references. A bibliography concludes each entry. Contributors are primarily academics from Europe and North America. As demonstrated by the "Systematic Outline of Contents," found in volume 5, entries fall under 15 broad categories, including "Concepts and Ideas," "Law, Justice, and Crime," "Philosophy and Intellectual Life," and "Places." A significant portion of the encyclopedia is dedicated to topics related to war and international relations (Cold war, European Union, World War I, World War II); political history (Russian Revolution of 1917); and economic history (Capitalism). The work also contains biographies of major historical figures primarily in the areas of art and culture (Orwell, George) and political history (Gorbachev, Mikhail).

In addition to the main text, the encyclopedia contains other useful features. For example, volume 1 opens with a seven-page introductory essay that provides a snapshot of Europe's post-1914 history. Volume_1 also contains a chronology of important events arranged both by year and by topic (for example, "Literature and the Arts," "War and Armed Conflict"). In addition, each of the five volumes contains a set of nine maps, including ones depicting the "Versailles Settlement," "The Gulag at Its Zenith," and "Post-1945 Europe." The text is complemented by black-and-white illustrations. Additionally, an eight-page section of color plates with a particular theme (for example, "Popular Culture," "Soviet Union and Communism") is contained in each volume. Finally, volume 5 has a detailed index, which facilitates access to the main text.

Engaging and highly readable, the encyclopedia should appeal to general readers and students and scholars of European history. It is recommended for academic and large public libraries. Michelle Hendley

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Allyson M. Poska - Women and Authority in Early Mo dern Spain (2006).jpg

While scholars have marvelled at how accused witches, mystical nuns, and aristocratic women understood and used their wealth, power, and authority to manipulate both men and institutions, most early modern women were not privileged by money or supernatural contacts. They led the routine and often difficult lives of peasant women and wives of soldiers and tradesmen. However, a lack of connections to the typical sources of authority did not mean that the majority of early modern women were completely disempowered.

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Allyson M. Poska - Women and Authority in Early Mo dern Spain (2006).pdf

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Rick Wartzman - Obscene in the Extreme (2008).jpg

During May of 1939, as the Nazis were burning books throughout Germany, the people of Bakersfield Calif., did exactly the same thing with John Steinbeck's new bestseller, The Grapes of Wrath. As Wartzman (The King of California) shows in this intriguing account, the banning of Steinbeck's masterpiece throughout California's Kern County was orchestrated by rich local growers: men who were busy exploiting scores of Joad families, the very men Steinbeck exposed in his novel. As a pretext, the growers cited, among other things, Steinbeck's use of foul language (bastard, bitch) and vivid scenes such as Rose of Sharon, having lost her baby, offering her milk-filled breast to a starving man.

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Rick Wartzman - Obscene in the Extreme (2008).pdf

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Greg Eghigian, Matthew Berg - Sacrifice and Nation al Belonging in Twentieth-Century Germany (2002).jpg

Over the course of the twentieth century, Germans from virtually all walks of life were touched by two problems: forging a sense of national community and coming to terms with widespread suffering. Arguably no country in the modern Western world has been so closely associated with both inflicting and overcoming catastrophic misery in the name of national belonging.

Within this context, the concept and ideal of "sacrifice" have played a pivotal role in recent German political culture. As the seven studies in this volume show, once the value of heroic national sacrifice was invoked during World War I to mobilize German soldiers and civilians, it proved to be a remarkably effective way to respond to a wide variety of social dislocations.

How did the ideals of sacrifice play a role in constructing German nationalism? How did the Nazis use this idea to justify mass killing? What consequences did this have for postwar Germany? This volume opens up discussions about the history of twentieth-century German political life.

Greg Eghigian is Associate Professor of Modern European History at Pennsylvania State University. His Ph.D. is from the University of Chicago. He is the author of Making Security Social: Disability, Insurance, and the Birth of the Social Entitlement State in Germany.Matthew Berg holds a Ph.D in Modern European History from the University of Chicago. He is Associate Professor of History and Coordinator of Modern European Studies at John Carroll University.

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Greg Eghigian, Matthew Berg - Sacrifice and Nation al Belonging in Twentieth-Century Germany (2002).pdf

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Susan Scott, Christopher J. Duncan - Biology of Pl agues, Evidence from Historical Populations (2001).jpg

The threat of unstoppable plagues, such as AIDS and Ebola, is always with us. In Europe, the most devastating plagues were those from the Black Death pandemic in the 1300s to the Great Plague of London in 1665. For the past 100 years it has been accepted that Yersinia pestis, the infective agent of bubonic plague, was responsible for these epidemics. This book combines modern concepts of epidemiology and molecular biology with computer-modeling. Applying these concepts to the analysis of historical epidemics, the authors show that they were not, in fact, outbreaks of bubonic plague. Biology of Plagues offers a completely new interdisciplinary interpretation of the plagues of Europe, and establishes them within a geographical, historical, and demographic framework. This fascinating detective work will be of interest to readers in the social and biological sciences, and lessons learned will underline the implications of historical plagues for modern-day epidemiology.

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Susan Scott, Christopher J. Duncan - Biology of Pl agues, Evidence from Historical Populations (2001) [PDF].rar

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Spencer C. Tucker - Battles that Changed History, An Encyclopedia of World Conflict (2010).jpg

The mythic and doomed stand of the 300 Spartans at Thermopylae; the siege of Carthage in 149-146 BCE, which ended with Rome destroying the city and enslaving the entire remaining Carthaginian population; the Battle of Hastings in 1066, arguably the most important battle ever on English soil; the Battle of Trenton that saved the American Revolutionary cause and established the military reputation of General Washington; the firebombing of Tokyo on the night of March 9-10, 1945, that destroyed one quarter of the city.

All of these conflicts—and hundreds more—played a crucial role in defining the direction of history and the evolution of human society. This text provides high school-level readers with detailed descriptions of the battlefield actions that have played the greatest parts in shaping military history and human existence. Special attention is paid to the greater historical context and significance of each battle, especially in relation to other events.

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Spencer C. Tucker - Battles that Changed History, An Encyclopedia of World Conflict (2010).pdf

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Philip J. Haythornthwaite - Soldiers Fotofax, Worl d War One, 1915 (1989).jpg

Philip J. Haythornthwaite (born 1951) is a military historian and author, with a particular interest in the Napoleonic Wars. He has written over 40 books.

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Philip J. Haythornthwaite - Soldiers Fotofax, Worl d War One, 1915 (1989).pdf

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Keith Aspley - Historical Dictionary of Surrealism (2010).jpg

Surrealism was a broad movement, which attracted many adherents. It was organized and quite strictly disciplined, at least until the death of its leader, AndrZ Breton, in 1966. As a consequence, its membership was in a constant state of flux: persons were constantly being admitted and excluded, and often the latter continued to regard themselves as Surrealists. The wide-ranging nature of the Surrealist movement was spread over many countries and many different art forms, including painting, sculpture, cinema, photography, music, theater, and literature, most notably poetry. The Historical Dictionary of Surrealism relates the history of this movement through a chronology, an introductory essay, a bibliography, and over 600 cross-referenced dictionary entries on persons, circles, and groups who participated in the movement; a global entry on some of the journals and reviews they produced; and a sampling of major works of art, cinema, and literature.

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Keith Aspley - Historical Dictionary of Surrealism (2010).pdf

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Francis E. McMurtrie - The World's Warships 1941 ( 1941).jpg

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Francis E. McMurtrie - The World's Warships 1941 ( 1941).pdf

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Miranda Green - Animals in Celtic Life and Myth (1 993).jpg

Animals in Celtic Life and Myth examines the intimate relationship between humans and animals in a society in which animals were central to all aspects of life. Miranda Green refers to a variety of early Celtic documents, as well as archaeological and iconographical evidence to argue that the Celts believed many animals to be sacred, either possessing divine status or acting as mediators between gods and humans. She covers the crucial role of animals in the Celtic economy; in hunting and welfare; in Celtic art and literature; in religion and ritual. The book covers the important period between 8 BC and AD 1, during which much of Europe, ranging from Ireland to Czechoslovakia, was turning to Christianity.

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Miranda Green - Animals in Celtic Life and Myth (1 993).pdf

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Tony Jaques - Dictionary of Battles and Siegies, A Guide to 8,500 Battles from Antiquity through the Twenty-ﬁrst Century (2007).jpeg

Historia2 - Tony Jaques - Dictionary of Battles and Siegies, A Gui...es from Antiquity through the Twenty-rst Century 2007.jpeg

Over 8,500 battles and sieges are covered-easily the most exhaustive reference source on this basic aspect of military history. Thoroughly vetted by an expert board of period and regional experts, this dictionary offers easy to find A-Z entries that cover conflicts from practically every era and place of human history. In addition to exhaustive coverage of World War II, World War I, the American Civil War, medieval wars, and conflicts during the classical era, this dictionary covers battles fought in pre-modern Africa, the Middle East, Ancient and Medieval India, China, and Japan, and early meso-American warfare as well. Going well beyond the typical greatest or most influential battle format, The Dictionary of Battles and Sieges offers readers information they would be hard-pressed to find anywhere else. Entries were reviewed by area and period experts to ensure accuracy and to provide the broadest coverage possible. Jaques's Dictionary is truly global in scope, covering East Asia, South Asia, Eurasia, Europe, Africa, Mesoamerica, and North and South America. Battles from wars great and small are in the dictionary, including battles from this very brief sampling of wars covered, listed to give an idea of the book's deep coverage: Egyptian-Syrian Wars (1468 BC); the Assyrian Wars (724 - 648 BC); Greco-Persian Wars (498 - 450 BC); the Conquests of Alexander the Great (335-326 BC); Rome's Gallic Wars (121-52 BC); Han Imperial Wars (208); Hun-Ostrogoth Wars (454-68); Sino-Vietnamese Wars (547-605); Mecca-Medina War (624-30); Jinshin War (672); Berber Rebellion (740-61); Viking Raids on, and in, Britain (793-954); Sino-Annamese War (938); Byzantine Military Rebellions (978-89); Afghan Wars of Succession (998-1041); Russian Dynastic Wars (1016-94); Reconquista (1063-1492); Crusader-Muslim Wars (1100- 1179); Swedish Wars of Succession (1160-1210); Conquests of Genghis Khan (1202-27); William Wallace Revolt (1297-1304); Hundred Years War (1337-1453); War of Chioggia (1378-80); Vijayanagar-Bahmani Wars (1367-1406); Ottoman Civil Wars (1413-81); Mongol-Uzbek Wars (1497-1512); German Knights' War (1523); Burmese-Laotian Wars (1574); Cambodian-Spanish War (1599); King Philip's War (1675-77); Franco-Barbary Wars (1728); Bengal War (1763-65); French Revolutionary Wars (1792-1801); Chilean War of Independence (1813-26); Boer-Zulu War (1838); Indian Mutiny (1858-59); Mexican-French War (1862-67); Sino-Japanese War (1894-95); World War I (1914-18); Anhwei-Chihli War (1920); World War II (1939-45) Mau Mau Revolt (1955); 2nd Indo-Pakistani War (1965); Angolan War (1987-88); 2nd Gulf War (2003- ).

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Uwaga!!! Wszystkie pliki w tym chomiku zostały zamieszczone informacyjnie. Od momentu ściągnięcia na dysk pliki należy usunąć w ciągu 24h. Wykorzystywanie ich w celach komercyjnych jest niezgodne z prawem. Autor chomika nie ponosi żadnej odpowiedzialności za niezgodne z prawem wykorzystywanie zasobów znajdujących się w tym chomiku !!!