Fragments of ancient belief have been incorporated into folklore and Christian dogma with the result that its original tenets have merged with the myths and psychologies of the intervening years. Hilda Ellis Davidson sifts through centuries of cultural and religious influences to locate evidence of these ``lost'' pagan beliefs. Davidson illustrates how northern pagan religions have been represented and misinterpreted by the Christian tradition and throws light on the nature of such beliefs and how they have been preserved.

About the Author
Now retired, Hilda Ellis Davidson was formerly Vice-President of Lucy Cavendish College, Cambridge University.

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Hilda Ellis Davidson - The Lost Beliefs of Norther n Europe (1993).pdf

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Malcolm Barber - The Two Cities, Medieval Europe, 1050–1320 (2004).jpg

First published to wide critical acclaim in 1992, The Two Cities has become an essential text for students of medieval history. For the second edition, the author has thoroughly revised each chapter, bringing the material up to date and taking the historiography of the past decade into account.

The Two Cities covers a colourful period from the schism between the eastern and western churches to the death of Dante. It encompasses key topics such as:

* the Crusades
* the expansionist force of the Normans
* major developments in the way kings, emperors and Popes exercised their powers
* a great flourishing of art and architecture
* the foundation of the very first universities.

Running through it all is the defining characteristic of the high Middle Ages: the delicate relationship between the spiritual and secular worlds, the two 'cities' of the title.

This survey provides all the facts and background information that students need, and is defined into straightforward thematic chapters. It makes extensive use of primary sources, and makes new trends in research accessible to students. Its fresh approach gives students the most rounded, lively and integrated view of the high Middle Ages available.

About the Author
Malcolm Barber is Professor of Medieval History at the University of Reading. His many books include The Templars, The Cathars and The New Knighthood, A History of the Order of the Temple.

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Malcolm Barber - The Two Cities, Medieval Europe, 1050–1320 (2004).pdf

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Jean Labayle Couhat - French Warships Of World War I (1974).jpg

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29,4 MB
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Jean Labayle Couhat - French Warships Of World War I (1974).pdf

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Emilian Kavalski - India and Central Asia, The Myt hmaking and International Relations of a Rising Po wer (2010).jpg

Historia2 - Emilian Kavalski - India and Central Asia, The Mythmak...ng and International Relations of a Rising Power 2010.jpg

India’s role in global politics draws increasing attention from the international community. Unprecedented economic growth in the recent past, rising fundamentalism in national politics and the knife-edge of nuclear-fuelled tension with an unstable Islamic government in Pakistan are all bound up in Indian claims to geopolitical ascendance. At the same time, Central Asia has re-emerged as a site of international contestation or a "new Great Game," with Russia, China and the US vying over security and energy interests in a politically unstable region. In this fresh and penetrating analysis of India’s foreign policy, particularly on Central Asia, Emilian Kavalski illuminates India’s international ambitions and capabilities, and its complex dynamics with great powers USA, China and Russia. India and Central Asia provides a timely and much-needed assessment of the foreign policy of a rising power.

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F. M. L. Thompson - The Cambridge Social Histor y of Britain, 1750-1950, vol. 2, People and their environment (1990).jpg

Historia2 - F. M. L. Thompson - The Cambridge Social History of... 1750-1950, vol. 2, People and their environment 1990.jpg

Volume Two explores the questions of social structure, social mobility and class relations. Family and household, the social implications of demographic change, jobs, working and housing conditions, and family relations were all crucial elements in the shaping of group consciousness; these form the main themes of this volume. With chapters on nutrition, patterns of food and drink consumption and leisure activities, a comprehensive overview is built up on the way the social order has been changed.

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Matthew S. Seligmann - Spies in Uniform, British M ilitary and Naval Intelligence on the Eve of the F irst World War (2006).jpg

Historia2 - Matthew S. Seligmann - Spies in Uniform, British Milit...al Intelligence on the Eve of the First World War 2006.jpg

Why did the British government declare war on Germany in August 1914? Was it because Germany posed a threat to British national security? Today many prominent historians would argue that this was not the case and that a million British citizens died needlessly for a misguided cause.

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Henrik Lagerlund - Encyclopedia of Medieval Philos ophy, Philosophy between 500 and 1500 (2010).jpg

Research on medieval philosophy has advanced greatly in the last thirty years, but there has not been a comprehensive encyclopedia summarizing the current research available. This two-volume reference work fills that void.

The Encyclopedia of Medieval Philosophy covers all areas of philosophy in the Middle Ages and part of the Renaissance, ranging from 500 to 1500 CE. It contains general entries on medieval philosophers and medieval philosophies and on the key terms and concepts in the subject area, but it also provides more in-depth details and analyses of particular theories. Furthermore, in order to gain an insight into the social and cultural context of the material, entries are included on the teaching of philosophy, the career of philosophers, and the place of philosophy within the universities.

Complete with cross-references between key words and related essays to enable efficient searches, this Encyclopedia is exhaustive, unprecedented, and user-friendly. It is indispensable for scholars of medieval philosophy and of the history of ideas, and it is also useful for anyone interested in medieval ideas and thought.

About the Author
Henrik Lagerlund is Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of Western Ontario. He has published dozens of articles and reviews and has written the book Modal Syllogistics in the Middle Ages. He was the editor of Mental Representation and Objects of Thought in Medieval Philosophy, and he was co-editor of two other books: Emotions and Choice from Boethius to Descartes; and Forming the Mind: The Mind/Body Problem(s) in Late Medieval and Early Modern Thought, which was published by Springer in 2006.

The Section Editors of the Encyclopedia of Medieval Philosophy are:
Professor Cristina D’Ancona, University of Pisa, Italy
Professor Katerina Ierodiakonou, National Technical University of Athens, Greece
Professor Bonnie Kent, UC Irvine, USA
Professor Peter King, University of Toronto, Canada
Professor Simo Knuuttila, University of Helsinki, Finland
Professor Jill Kraye, Warburg Institute, University of London, United Kingdom
Professor Alain de Libera, University of Geneva, Switzerland
Professor Alfonso Maierù, University of Rome, "La Sapienza", Italy
Professor John Marenbon, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
Professor Emeritus A. S. McGrade, University of Connecticut, USA
Professor Dominik Perler, Humboldt-University of Berlin, Germany
Professor Tamar Rudavsky, Ohio State University, USA
Professor Hans Thijssen, Radbout Universiteit Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Professor Rega Wood, Stanford University, USA

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Henrik Lagerlund - Encyclopedia of Medieval Philos ophy, Philosophy between 500 and 1500 (2010).pdf

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John Plowright - The Routledge Dictionary of Moder n British History (2006).jpg

The Routledge Dictionary of Modern British History is an essential guide to the last two centuries of British history, which have witnessed democratization, international decline, devolution, the rise of the welfare state, and New Labour challenging the Conservatives as the natural party of government. This book includes:
* every Prime Minister from Pitt the Younger to Tony Blair
* protest movements from Chartism to CND
* military conflict from the French Revolutionary Wars to Iraq
* and milestones from the Act of Union to the Northern Ireland peace process

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John Plowright - The Routledge Dictionary of Moder n British History (2006).pdf

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Joyce Salisbury - The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Gl obal Medieval Life and Culture (2008).jpg

The period we know as the Middle Ages, roughly the years 400-1400, saw the formation of ideas and institutions that mark modern societies. Developments as disparate as the foundation of Islam and the emergence of the middle class occurred during this pivotal millennium. Although historical study of the Middle Ages has traditionally focused on Western Europe, modern historians recognize the complex global nature of this era. For all major world regions, this three-volume work offers in-depth essays on broad themes, short entries on specific topics, and carefully selected primary documents to help readers more fully understand this critically important period.

Edited by Joyce Salisbury, who is general editor of the award-winning Greenwood Encyclopedia of Daily Life, and written by Professor Salisbury and a series of prominent historians with regional expertise, Greenwood Encyclopedia of Global Medieval Life and Culture comprises three volumes covering the following areas of the globe:

Volume 1:Europe and the Americas

Volume 2: Islam and Africa

Volume 3: Asia and Oceania

Each regional section comprises seven in-depth essays covering the following broad topics and concluding with bibliographies of important and current information resources: Historical Overview of the Region, Religion, Economy, The Arts, Society, Science and Technology, and Global Ties. The Global Ties essays will trace any political, social, economic, religious, technological, or commercial connections that existed between the region under discussion and any other world regions during the Middle Ages. Each regional section will also include a series of brief entries covering peopel, events, developments, and concepts mentioned in the in-depth essays.

Examples of entry topics include the following: Berbers, Emperor Harsha, Ethiopian Christianity, Flowery Warfare, Footbinding, Hildegard of Bingen, Jainism, Jihad, Maya Collapse, Neo-Confucianism, Romanesque, and Sharia.

A series of sidebars in each section will provide lists, graphs, charts, and other useful data relating to the region. Each section will also be illustrated and will include a selection of interesting primary documents that further illustrate the main themes addressed in the in-depth essays. Cross-references within the sections and a detailed subject index will also help readers access information in the essays and short entries.

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Joyce Salisbury - The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Gl obal Medieval Life and Culture (2008).pdf

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Trevor Lloyd - Empire, A History of the British Em pire (2001).jpg

For almost two hundred years, Britain dominated the world, its naval supremacy enabling it to acquire a vast empire, including India, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and much of Africa. Although, it could not prevent its American colonies from becoming independent, its industrial and commercial power helped it to keep its scattered possessions under control, while a small army was sufficient to put down native rebellions in the absence of the involvement of other European states. A dwindling economy, and the cost of two world wars, saw this once-mighty empire crumble, giving in the process independence to nearly all of its dominions in the years after 1945. "Empire" is a succinct and highly readable account of this extraordinary rise and fall.

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Trevor Lloyd - Empire, A History of the British Em pire (2001).pdf

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Gregory Claeys - Encyclopedia of Nineteenth Centur y Thought (2004).jpg

This new resource provides essential information and critical insights into nineteenth-century thought and nineteenth-century thinkers. Covering the years 1789 to 1914, Encyclopedia of Nineteenth-Century Thought is alphabetically organized and consists of:
· Principal entries, divided into ideas (4000 words) and persons (2500 words)
· Subsidiary entries of 1000 words, which are entirely biographical
· Informational entries of 500 words, which are also biographical.
From Immanuel Kant to Simon Bolivar; Charles Darwin to Elizabeth Stanton Cady; political economy to Japanese thought in the Nineteenth Century, the Encyclopedia of Nineteenth-Century Thought covers not only social and political thinking, but also philosophy, economics, science, religion, law, art, concepts of modernity, the body and health, and much more.

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Gregory Claeys - Encyclopedia of Nineteenth Centur y Thought (2004).pdf

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David Deming - Science and Technology in World His tory, Vol. 1, The Ancient World and Classical Civi lization (2010).jpg

Historia2 - David Deming - Science and Technology in World History.... 1, The Ancient World and Classical Civilization 2010.jpg

Science is a living, organic activity, the meaning and understanding of which have evolved incrementally over human history. This book, the first in a roughly chronological series, explores the development of the methodology and major ideas of science, in historical context, from ancient times to the decline of classical civilizations around 300 A.D. It includes details specific to the histories of specialized sciences including astronomy, medicine and physics--along with Roman engineering and Greek philosophy. It closely describes the contributions of such individuals as Pythagoras, Hippocrates, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Alexander the Great, Euclid, Archimedes, Ptolemy, Seneca, Pliny the Elder, and Galen.

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David Deming - Science and Technology in World His tory, Vol. 1, The Ancient World and Classical Civi lization (2010).pdf

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Kocku von Stuckrad - Locations of Knowledge in Med ieval and Early Modern Europe (2010).jpg

Addressing discourses of perfect knowledge in Western culture between 1200 and 1800, this book integrates the study of Western esotericism in a larger analytical framework of European history of religion.

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Faye Getz – Medicine in the English Middle Ages (1 998).jpg

This book presents an engaging, detailed portrait of the people, ideas, and beliefs that made up the world of English medieval medicine between 750 and 1450, a time when medical practice extended far beyond modern definitions. The institutions of court, church, university, and hospital--which would eventually work to separate medical practice from other duties--had barely begun to exert an influence in medieval England, writes Faye Getz. Sufferers could seek healing from men and women of all social ranks, and the healing could encompass spiritual, legal, and philosophical as well as bodily concerns. Here the author presents an account of practitioners (English Christians, Jews, and foreigners), of medical works written by the English, of the emerging legal and institutional world of medicine, and of the medical ideals present among the educated and social elite.

How medical learning gained for itself an audience is the central argument of this book, but the journey, as Getz shows, was an intricate one. Along the way, the reader encounters the magistrates of London, who confiscate a bag said by its owner to contain a human head capable of learning to speak, and learned clerical practitioners who advise people on how best to remain healthy or die a good death. Islamic medical ideas as well as the poetry of Chaucer come under scrutiny. Among the remnants of this far distant medical past, anyone may find something to amuse and something to admire.

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Faye Getz – Medicine in the English Middle Ages (1 998).pdf

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Wayn te Brake, Wim Klooster - Power And the City i n the Netherlandic World (2005).jpg

In the absence of a powerful state, how was coercive power established within, over, and by the cities of the Low Countries? Eleven chapters covering the medieval and early modern periods explore this theme from various angles. Some chapters detail symbolic contests or armed struggle, while others focus on industrial control by urban magistrates or their attempts to regulate servants and maintain religious orthodoxy. The essays suggest that the Netherlandic world, in which cities have always loomed large, may have followed a distinctive path of political development that characterized the urban belt of Europe more generally. As such, this volume aims to create new understandings of the place of the Low Countries in European history.

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Wayn te Brake, Wim Klooster - Power And the City i n the Netherlandic World (2005).pdf

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John Merriman - The Scribner Library of Modern Eur ope, Since 1914, 5 vol. set (2006).jpeg

This set presents Europe's major historical events between 1914 and 2005 and explores the political, military, social, cultural, and technological transformations of this period. Additionally, the encyclopedia examines Europe's global influence and European unification. Edited by two professors of history at Yale University, it is the companion to Europe 1789 to 1914: Encyclopedia of the Age of Industry and Empire (2006).

The scope of the encyclopedia is extensive. It contains 920 alphabetically arranged articles, beginning with Abortionand ending with Zyklon B.Entries range in length from approximately one to seven pages. Articles are signed and include cross-references. A bibliography concludes each entry. Contributors are primarily academics from Europe and North America. As demonstrated by the "Systematic Outline of Contents," found in volume 5, entries fall under 15 broad categories, including "Concepts and Ideas," "Law, Justice, and Crime," "Philosophy and Intellectual Life," and "Places." A significant portion of the encyclopedia is dedicated to topics related to war and international relations (Cold war, European Union, World War I, World War II); political history (Russian Revolution of 1917); and economic history (Capitalism). The work also contains biographies of major historical figures primarily in the areas of art and culture (Orwell, George) and political history (Gorbachev, Mikhail).

In addition to the main text, the encyclopedia contains other useful features. For example, volume 1 opens with a seven-page introductory essay that provides a snapshot of Europe's post-1914 history. Volume_1 also contains a chronology of important events arranged both by year and by topic (for example, "Literature and the Arts," "War and Armed Conflict"). In addition, each of the five volumes contains a set of nine maps, including ones depicting the "Versailles Settlement," "The Gulag at Its Zenith," and "Post-1945 Europe." The text is complemented by black-and-white illustrations. Additionally, an eight-page section of color plates with a particular theme (for example, "Popular Culture," "Soviet Union and Communism") is contained in each volume. Finally, volume 5 has a detailed index, which facilitates access to the main text.

Engaging and highly readable, the encyclopedia should appeal to general readers and students and scholars of European history. It is recommended for academic and large public libraries. Michelle Hendley

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Allyson M. Poska - Women and Authority in Early Mo dern Spain (2006).jpg

While scholars have marvelled at how accused witches, mystical nuns, and aristocratic women understood and used their wealth, power, and authority to manipulate both men and institutions, most early modern women were not privileged by money or supernatural contacts. They led the routine and often difficult lives of peasant women and wives of soldiers and tradesmen. However, a lack of connections to the typical sources of authority did not mean that the majority of early modern women were completely disempowered.

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Allyson M. Poska - Women and Authority in Early Mo dern Spain (2006).pdf

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Rick Wartzman - Obscene in the Extreme (2008).jpg

During May of 1939, as the Nazis were burning books throughout Germany, the people of Bakersfield Calif., did exactly the same thing with John Steinbeck's new bestseller, The Grapes of Wrath. As Wartzman (The King of California) shows in this intriguing account, the banning of Steinbeck's masterpiece throughout California's Kern County was orchestrated by rich local growers: men who were busy exploiting scores of Joad families, the very men Steinbeck exposed in his novel. As a pretext, the growers cited, among other things, Steinbeck's use of foul language (bastard, bitch) and vivid scenes such as Rose of Sharon, having lost her baby, offering her milk-filled breast to a starving man.

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